• Tiada Hasil Ditemukan

I have spoken with the Principal Investigator about this study and have had any

questions answered. If I have any further questions about this study, I understand that I can contact Koo Kian Yong on +6016 7154419, or the supervisor of this study, Dr.

Azizah Abdullah by email to zyzah@uum.edu.my or by writing to Dr Azizah Abdullah, School of Education & Modern Languages, College of Arts & Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 UUM SINTOK KEDAH DARUL AMAN MALAYSIA.

I understand that PARTICIPATION IN THIS RESEARCH STUDY IS VOLUNTARY, that I am free to decline to participate in this research study, and that I may withdraw my participation at any time without penalty.

Signature: Date:

Research Participant

Signature: Date:

Principal Investigato

Appendix D: Online Video-Conferencing Consent and Guideline

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am Koo Kian Yong from Malaysia currently doing my PHD research at the Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). My supervisor is Dr Azizah Abdullah from the School of Education and Modern Languages (SEML), College of Arts and Sciences at UUM.

Title of Research: THE ROLE OF EXPRESSIVE ART THERAPY AND NEUROFEEDBACK ASSESSMENTS IN IMPROVING CLINICAL HYPNOSIS ADHERENCE AMONG ANXIETY SUFFERERS

Name of Principal Investigator: Koo Kian Yong

The purpose of the study is

1. To examine the helpful and unhelpful processes of expressive art therapy and neurofeedback assessments in improving clinical hypnosis adherence among anxiety sufferers;

2. To identify the helpful and unhelpful outcomes of expressive art therapy and neurofeedback assessments in improving clinical hypnosis adherence among anxiety sufferers;

3. To discover the helpful and unhelpful moderating factors of expressive art therapy and neurofeedback assessments in impacting clinical hypnosis-oriented perspectives among anxiety sufferers;

I hope you enjoy the expressive art therapy assessment and neurofeedback assessment. In order to get your valuable feedback in regards your experience about it, I would like to invite you to participate in our interview session via online video-conferencing. If you would like to be interviewed by me, please contact me at: hirokoo09@gmail.com

The following guideline for tele-practice mental healthcare is designed for this study online video-conferencing usage purpose, in accordance to the guidelines for the practice of telepsychology which created by American Psychological Association (APA).

Tele-practice mental healthcare guideline

1. You have the right to accept or withdraw from the online video-conferencing based on your personal preference.

2. You can opt for the face-to-face interview method if you feel more comfortable in this way.

3. Feel free to email me if you have any special request for the online video-conferencing session.

4. There is a potential emergency risk such as technical issue, privacy concern and distractions may arise during the online session.

5. If there is any unexpected technical issue happens during the online session, you can contact me via my phone (+60183574419) as an alternative interview method.

6. If there is a privacy concern, you can opt for face-to-face session instead.

7. If there is a risk of distractions, we can discuss and schedule for an ideal time with minimal distractions.

8. There are few benefits of doing online video-conferencing, such as time saving, save the travel trip, and communicate in your comfort place.

9. There are few disadvantages of doing online video-conferencing, such as potential technical issues, privacy concern, researcher lacks of control to the potential distraction, and limited body language observation.

10. Feel free to discuss with me if you have any other concern, your confidentiality, preference and comfort are always my priority in conducting this online video-conferencing session for the research study.

With Best Wishes,

Koo Kian Yong

Post-Graduate PhD Research

School of Education and Modern Languages (SEML), UUM College of Arts and Sciences

Appendix E: Data Collection Application Letter

Appendix F: Questionnaire Sample

Screening tool: Original DAI-10 questionnaire

Name Date

Question Answer

(True/False)*

1 For me, the good things about medication outweigh the bad T F 2 I feel strange, "doped up", on medication T F

3 I take medications of my own free choice T F

4 Medications make me feel more relaxed T F

5 Medication makes me feel tired and sluggish T F

6 I take medication only when I feel ill T F

7 I feel more normal on medication T F

8 It is unnatural for my mind and body to be controlled by

medications T F

9 My thoughts are clearer on medication T F

10 Taking medication will prevent me from having a breakdown T F T = True, F = False

*Answers shown in bold are scored +1; answers in normal font are scored -1 Screening tool: Modified DAI-10 questionnaire

Name Date

Question Answer

(True/False)

* 1 For me, the good things about clinical hypnosis will outweigh the bad T F

2 I feel strange on clinical hypnosis T F

3 I will take clinical hypnosis of my own free choice T F 4 Clinical hypnosis will make me feel more relaxed T F 5 Clinical hypnosis will make me feel tired and sluggish T F 6 I will take clinical hypnosis only when I feel mentally ill T F

7 I will feel more normal on clinical hypnosis T F

8 It will be unnatural for my mind and body to be controlled by clinical hypnosis T F 9 My thoughts will be clearer after clinical hypnosis T F 10 Taking clinical hypnosis will prevent me from having a breakdown T F T = True, F = False

*Answers shown in bold are scored +1; answers in normal font are scored -1

Source: Hogan, T. P., Awad, A. G., & Eastwood, R. (1983). A self-report scale

predictive of drug compliance in schizophrenics: Reliability and discriminative validity.

Psychological Medicine, 13, 177-183.

Screening tool: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21)

Source: Lovibond, S.H., & Lovibond, P.F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety &

Stress Scales (2nd Ed.). Sydney: Psychology Foundation Appendix G: Interview Questions

Interview Questions (via online video-conferencing or face-to-face interview)

Participants: Anxiety sufferers who score either a minimum 8 on DASS-21 Anxiety Subscale or a minimum 15 on DASS-21 Stress Subscale and attended Creative Brain Health Intervention (CBHI)

Question 1: How did you feel during the expressive art therapy and neurofeedback assessment method? Do you feel like experiencing clinical hypnosis?

Why?

Question 2: If you don’t feel like experiencing clinical hypnosis, why?

Question 3: After experiencing the expressive art therapy and neurofeedback

assessment method, are you convinced that clinical hypnosis is helpful for you? Which part did you like the most?

Question 4: If you were not convinced through clinical hypnosis participation, which part did you dislike most?

Question 5: From 0-10, how do you think that clinical hypnosis could help in reducing anxiety? Notably, 0 suggests not helpful at all; 5 is moderately helpful, and 10 is most helpful.

Question 6: Based on your experience with expressive art therapy and neurofeedback assessment methods, what kind of positive outcomes do you expect after the clinical hypnosis?

Question 7: What is the possible undesired outcome you can think of after clinical hypnosis?

Appendix H: An Example of the Interview Transcript Code : P 015

Age : 24

DASS-21 : 72 DAI-10 : +6

Interviewer : How did you feel during the expressive art therapy and

neurofeedback assessment method? Do you feel like experiencing clinical hypnosis? Why?

Interviewee : At the very first time I came in, I found that a lot of the result at that time make sense because…, I mean after interpretation and explanation as well, I felt that it makes a lot of sense, it is in conjunction to my feeling at that time. Based on that alone, I felt quite confident and quite happy to go through with the follow up therapy, because it really makes a lot of sense as to why my brain and how I was feeling and how his steps to help me overcome my problem. So, I am confident with it.

Interviewer : Ok, so you say like you feel like want to experience the clinical hypnosis because it makes you feel like more understand about your conditions and also the step that you were told is like very effective and very logical.

Interviewee : Yes, it sounds very logical, yup.

Interviewer : After experiencing the expressive art therapy and neurofeedback assessment method, are you convinced that clinical hypnosis is helpful for you? Which part did you like the most?

Interviewee : Hmm, I like how it diffuses your thoughts, and make them…because sometimes it is very hard to know what your thinking right or wrong or too complicated or unnecessary you know. Like coming into hypnotherapy and having Hiro helps me to assess my pattern or you know, my tendency, it makes me feel more comfortable with my own thoughts and give confidence and awareness to me by knowing that I am not like lonely, helpless and crazy and there is a lot of people out there facing the same problem. So you know, it really gives me a positive effects that I can recover, that I am normal.

Interviewer : Ok ya, from 0-10, how do you think that clinical hypnosis could help in reducing anxiety? Where 0 suggests not helpful at all; 5 is moderately helpful, and 10 is the most helpful.

Interviewee : Yup, I will rate it 8.

Interviewer : Ok, 8, can you like provide a reason for that?

Interviewee : Oh because I think right now the problem that I am facing, I have tried to work consciously for a lot of time, but I know consciously I can only reach so far, but the unconscious work that I am doing with the therapist, and therapist is doing with me right now, I believe that helps so much more, because it underlies a lot in our conscious process, and I know from therapist that my unconscious is seems quite chaotic right now, my thought pattern and everything, so I do expect that there is a lot of benefit by working with him, and I feel like if unconsciously I am more calm, and that translate into consciously, I am able to control myself more.

Interviewer : Based on your experience with expressive art therapy and

neurofeedback assessment methods, what kind of positive outcomes do you expect after the clinical hypnosis?

Interviewee : Actually, I was intended to get other opinion, try to get another explanation from the hypnotherapy point of view. After the first screening, because I was introduced to this by my mum actually, but after the initial screening I was feeling quite interested because I felt like what he explained really makes a lot of sense.

Interviewer : So initially you were just looking for other explanation about your unconscious mind only?

Interviewee : Ya, I did not really expect so much, it was more like I was coming to see what I can find out more about myself.

Interviewer : So after the explanation right, what kind of positive outcomes that you expect?

Interviewee : After the explanation, I feel that it is the right thing for me because I know unconsciously, I need a lot of works, and he deals a lot on unconscious remodeling, so that is it.

Interviewer : Ok I see, so apart from the positive outcome, what is the possible undesired outcome you can think of after clinical hypnosis?

Interviewee : Hmm, actually no. because of what I am studying, I know clinical hypnosis has been used for the therapy for quite sometimes, It is just that I never met and know anyone that has done on clinical hypnosis because the people that I normally talk about, clinical hypnosis is something like the pendulum and try to manipulate your brain, wash your mind, you know, it is negative but what I know, because I am studying the positive side of the psychotherapy and clinical hypnosis, I know that it is the approach that I want to do it, it is just that I do not know where to find the people who do it until I met therapist here today.

Interviewer : Ok, I see, then ok that is all for our interview, thank you.

Interviewee : Thank you very much

Appendix I: Review and Feedback from Supervisor, External Auditor, Peer Debriefer, Experts in the Field and Participants

Supervisor’s Review and Feedback

Hiro, you did a good job in planning his research, you put a lot of effort in writing the research proposal and preparing the execution of your research. You showed a great passion in your research, in which you drafted a lot of ideas and different approach in conducting your study. You provided a strong and cohesive argument for investigating the issue of adherence to psychological therapy. We had our very first supervision focusing on comprehensive reading for literature review and methodology that related to your research topic, and it was good to see you being so dedicated in your research. I am glad that you willing to rewrite the research proposal according to international standard that I showed you previously. I know it is tough and time consuming, but I really want to groom you as a real scholar. I am happy for the new research proposal that I received today.

Hiro, I am glad that you submit your work for me to do review and auditing on time. You did well in your literature review after we have been discussing the problems of it. You completed all my comments which I wrote during the initial first few rounds of supervision. You read all related articles and journals extensively to identify the gap and significance of this study. You listened to all my advices and refining his study very well.

We had thoroughly discussed on your research topic, frameworks and theoretical justification this round. Surprisingly, you came well-prepared, and was able to provide me

insight on how you apply the theories found to your study. However, I found that chapter 3 of your thesis is quite confusing. I will organize 4 days retreat writing at the UUM here.

You can invite your auditor comes along and do thoroughly cross checking and auditing to ensure a rigorous writing accordingly highest standard. I hope you can redo your transcript coding part to ensure it is rigorous and your theory is really grounded in obtained data.

I am glad that you came for the 4 days retreat writing session at UUM last month. As I mentioned before about your writing in Chapter 3, I found that you were a little confused with the research method, in which I corrected you, and your progress did get better. You started to make connection between Chapter 1, 2, and 3. Not to mention, the Creative Brain Health Intervention you developed was impressively innovative. The protocol design was with flaw, but after reviewing with me, you refined it into a holistic intervention. Your interview protocol was good too, you used alternative (online video-conferencing) to cope with pandemic situation, research about ethical conduct for teletherapy by referencing to international reputable body like APA to provide participants a sense of safety and secure feelings. The way you analyzed the qualitative data was good and had a strong rationale on approaching it. With the use of a peer debriefer and external auditors, you strengthen your data reliability and trustworthiness. Also, you looked for cross checking among participants, auditors, and supervisor to avoid any differential in perceiving and transcribing the data.

Good evening Hiro. I just finished reading your latest writing. You explained very well in your Chapter 4 and 5, you wrote a thorough explanation on the findings and discussed it further with supports. The methodical approach you took to write discussion in Chapter 5 was good, the reading started from a very general to a deeper level, giving a lot of insight.

I am glad that you listen to my comment and redo the coding part and make the finding more rigorous. Even though overall looked fine, I found that perhaps we need to re-structure the research topic to related with problem statements. Also, you need to add more latest literature review content to further support all the findings as now is the year of 2021. It is advised to develop and produce a manual of your Creative Brain Health Intervention protocol as well. Not only for the purpose of the thesis, but also applying for IP to ensure your work is well documented and protected.

Hiro, congratulations, you have already got your pilot study for this research on publication of Scorpus Journal, which you progress very well towards graduation. This will be the final correction of your thesis before the post defense. I read it comprehensively and found that there is a need to re-structure the systematic review for Chapter 2. I have written some comments on it. Regular supervision will be helpful to move you to the next level. If you require further help, you may ask me anytime. In overall, you did your thesis very well with a thorough structure and very detailed information provided.

External Auditor’s Review and Feedback #1

Hiro, I have read through your whole thesis. I found that you did it very well. You arranged all topics in a proper sequence without further confusing the readers and linked every section with clear explanations and supports. However, it seemed something missing in your Chapter 1, where you did not really define every terms you used in the research. I suggest you list all the terms down and define it with your words of your perspective and what does it actually represent in this research. Also, your research questions and research objectives are confusing, I will suggest you to simplify it as reader might get confusion like me too. Let me discuss with you during the 4 days retreat writing at UUM. It is easier for us to discuss how to rewrite it face to face basic.

Also, I have commented on some part in your Chapter 2, where I think you need to refine the contents to make it more reader friendly. It is not that you did not explain it clearly, but some wordings you used were confusing as they seemed to represent the same thing, perhaps a little adjustment there will be better in improving the understanding. The structure of Chapter 2 requires some adjustment as well, I have remarked and commented above. Some paragraphs require a rearrangement to show relationship further and also build up connection with the previous and next section.

Your Chapter 3 and 4 were well explained with a very clear direction on what you were doing before, during and after the execution of your study. It is good you did a pilot study before you execute the actual study, as it helped you realize and understand if there is any mistakes or design errors in the procedure. I like the way you design the Creative Brain Health Intervention protocol; it integrates with multiple techniques but working towards

the same goal. The way you interview and code the data is also appropriate. The results presentation seemed good and with a clear explanation. There are some minor errors of wordings I have commented above, I hope you may change them to a more layman terms to ease the understanding of readers.

Your Chapter 5 is well-written, and you discussed it in a very good way by categorizing all data in different domains, making all the things clear-cut. There are, however, few areas that might need to revise, I have noted in the text of your thesis, but I will reiterate here as well. Your discussion is in a good shape, where the structure you want to provide to readers is all good. But I think it requires not only the understanding based on you yourself, but also insight from the past studies. You did a good job in linking the literature with your findings, but some parts seemed to be insufficient. It is advised to read related articles more and support your findings with literature. Be sure to clarify the meanings when indicated, to reduce confusion or some inconsistencies in your writing. After cleaning these few things up, I think you are in a good position to have further review with your supervisor. Good luck ya.

Regards, Maznah

Peer Debriefer’s Review and Feedback #1

Hiro, you did a good job in coding, it is good to work with you during the coding process.

You provide a lot of insight to generate the themes and sub-categories in the thematic