The six suitable locations indicated in Table 4.2 are considered for the sitting analysis. The selected areas are further filtered by the site selection criteria and will then be undergoing the sitting analysis method. In the sitting analysis method, the distances between the turbines and the available surface area are decided to be (5D) where 5m × 5m and that gives a 25m2 apart from each turbine, with the turbine being 4m2 large each. It can be observed that the greatest number of turbines that will be placed in a region is at South East Point, Johor with a total number of 109 turbine to be placed where the region has the most areas that do not interfere with the territorial water which allows it to have the highest volume of installation of hydrokinetic turbine.
However, due to the large area that allows the placement of the hydrokinetic turbine, the shipping route analyzed before has raise a problem whereby the shipping route nearby the area is congested and not suitable enough for the installation of the hydrokinetic turbine. The total number of turbines for Off PHN, which is located in Sepang is calculated as 82 that can be located within the selected area with a maximum power of 26404W. However, like the previous location that holds the maximum number of turbines producing the highest power, Off PHN is also having difficulties in implementing the hydrokinetic turbine as the area is merely suitable when shipping route is taken into consideration. Pintu Gedong, Selangor however is suitable for the installation of the turbine as it passes all the site criteria and produces a maximum amount of 27840W of power with 80 hydrokinetic turbines.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
In this paper, offshore current site location of Malaysia has been explored through current energy potential assessment of 11 regions. First, suitability of regions with average current speed of over 1 m/s is assessed. Second, the site selection method has been used to find the best suitable locations. Finally, statistical analysis of current speed for the locations meeting the site selection criteria is conducted using Google Earth Pro. In addition, micro-sitting configuration of current turbine is determined considering the territorial water, and area of the regions selected.
Although Malaysia is surrounded by sea, out of 11 regions proposed, only 6 regions including South East Point, Off PHN, Pintu Gedong, Belungkor, Pularek and Tanjung Pelepas are considerable for the offshore hydrokinetic turbine installation as the mean wind speed at selected sites are higher than 1 m/s. In addition, some sites with high current speed ratio are still not eligible for installations due to the restrictions resulting from their geographical strategic location such as shipping route, and pipeline cables.
In conclusion, the criteria analysis for the selected six locations is summarized in Table 2. The current speed values are obtained from previous study of the Offshore Kinetic Potential of Peninsular Malaysia. Sites that do not meet offshore current hydrokinetic site selection criteria are Belungkor, Pularek and Tanjung Pelepas as these regions cannot be considered for offshore current systems due to the restricted shipping route and underground cable, also the less occupancy of the hydrokinetic turbine installation. As seen in Table 2, Tanjung Pelepas, Johor cannot be considered for offshore current hydrokinetic turbine due to the limited area for the installation of hydrokinetic turbine thus limiting the total power output. Moreover, Tanjung Pelepas, Johor is restricted by the pipeline route and the close territorial area. South East Point, however has the highest total output power of 29212W with 109 turbine that can be placed in the area.
Nonetheless, South East Point has the heaviest sea traffic volume which prohibit the area to be suitable for the installation of hydrokinetic turbine. Off PHN and Pulau Pintu Gedong however has an area large enough for the installation of the turbines that will produce a total power output nearly as much as South Ease Point.
Even so, Pintu Gedong, Selangor has the best fit for the placements of the turbine as the region meets all the requirements in ensuring the implementation of the hydrokinetic turbine from the ocean current is safe and efficient.
This study used the current data collected at the coastal regions. It is very clear that the offshore meteorology station installations are needed to better access the offshore current potential. Hence, it is recommended that the policy makers shall organize offshore specific. Measurement data awareness in increasing the liability of future offshore related studies. Some of the selected locations in this study are the islands which may have not be close substantial at the coastal side. Therefore, possible substation installation on the coastal side should be taken into consideration both technical and economical analysis. As a more precise site selection analysis, more accurate offshore current data can be collected for the offshore locations, and attentive sea depth and soil analyses can be performed.
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