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CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.2. Distribution of HSE Non-Compliances based upon Hazard Contributing

4.2.2. Transportation Hazard (TH)

A total of 739 HSE non-compliances were reported due to TH throughout the 3.5 years data collection period. The monthly hazard contributing patterns for TH from July 2007 to December 2010 is shown in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2: Annual Trend of TH for 3.5 Years Data Collection Period In the years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, the number of HSE non-compliances recorded due to TH was 128, 255, 191 and 165, respectively. TH contributed 23% in the overall hazard contributing factors that occurred during the 3.5 year duration. It can be observed in Figure 4.2, that there were noticeable fluctuations in the TH pattern.

The number of HSE non-compliances pertaining to TH was found to increase from the year 2007 to 2008. It was noticed that for the year 2009 and 2010 the HSE non-compliances significantly reduced due to the driver’s safe attitude, organizing of driving safety programs, facility design modifications and refresher courses.

It can be observed that, in 2007, the hazard contributing pattern was very unstable.

In July 2007, the number of HSE non-compliances under TH was 18 and then increased to 30 in August. It then reduced to 20, 15 and 11, in the months of September, October and November, respectively. However, the number of HSE non-compliances rose to 34 cases in December. It was noticed that the PFS operation has extensive movement of T/Ls. Therefore, unsafe practices recorded within and outside the PFS’s happened due to T/Ls. In the month of December, out of the 34 cases, 27

18 30

20 15

11 34

18

5 17

22 19

9 24

29

25 26

30 31 31

24 27

17 17

11 14 11

15 15

8

1 19

14 13 15 11

19 28

15

14 14

1 2 0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

No of TH Non-Compliances

Duration in Months

HCF 2007 HCF 2008 HCF 2009 HCF 2010

cases recorded were due to the collision of T/Ls with other private vehicles during the transportation of fuel. The collision of T/Ls resulted in severe damages to private vehicles. Accident investigations of TH cases were not carried out in detail; hence, the root causes were not identified. However, it was observed that TH cases occurred due to the driver’s negligence, road configuration, vehicle conditions and the adjacent vehicles drivers’ attitude.

It can be observed in Figure 4.2 that the TH patterns for the year 2008 were unstable. The total number of non-compliances pertaining to TH cases recorded in the year 2008 was 255. Even though there was a drop in the number of cases in the months of February and June, there was an increasing trend in the number of cases for the whole year. There were 93 major accidents that occurred due to the collisions of T/Ls within and outside the facilities. Brake failures, tyre bursts and mechanical/maintenance problems were identified as potential causes of TH hazards during the year 2008. Two fatality cases were reported related to TH during the year 2008. The first fatality causing event occurred on 28th February 2008, two persons were reported dead. A customer’s car using a compressed natural gas (CNG) cylinder burst during the filling operation. The second event occurred on 13th April 2008 when a T/L entering into the facility hit the worker near the gantry. The worker died at the scene.

A reduction in the number of HSE non-compliances due to TH was observed in Figure 4.2 for the year 2009. The total number of non-compliances related to TH during the year 2009 was 191. The number of cases that contributed to the result in a significant loss to the company assets was 75. During the 12 months data collection period, the highest and lowest HSE non-compliances due to TH were found to be 31 and 1, respectively.

During the year 2010, the total HSE non-compliances recorded were 437 in which 165 (37.7%) cases were recorded due to TH. The number of HSE non-compliances throughout 2010 seemed to be approximately stable. However, it can be observed in Figure 4.2 that in July the number of HSE non-compliances increased to 28. In November and December the number of HSE non-compliances dropped drastically to 1 and 2, respectively.

The causes of most of the HSE non-compliances in TH were found to be similar in all 3.5 years of the data collection period. The identified potential causes of TH cases were as follows:

1. The unsatisfactory maintenance of company vehicles was the potential cause of the TH cases. Most accidents occurred due to failures in the vehicles interlocking system and axle break down.

2. T/Ls were found to be over speeding within and outside the PFS facilities while private vehicles were found to be over speeding within the facilities.

Collisions of T/Ls with facility elements such as dispenser units, infrastructure, main gate, boundary wall, swing ladder, I-land beams of gantry, safety signs, filling gantry, service hydrants and dispensing units also occurred.

3. Most of the T/Ls were found to have deteriorated tyres.

4. Workers were found to be careless towards T/Ls. It was observed that some drivers of the T/Ls were sleeping beneath the T/Ls. Cleaners were driving the T/Ls or found to be cleaning the T/Ls’ tyres under the T/Ls.

5. Weather conditions contributed to the non-compliances related to TH cases at PFSs. Poor visibility and skidding of T/Ls on the road was found to be a potential concern.

6. T/Ls hijacked due to weak security measures during fuel transportation to retail outlets via road networks. Product was spilled by opening the T/Ls’ valves and wasted.

7. Traffic sign violations were noted within and outside the facilities by T/Ls.

8. The T/Ls’ movement damages to PFS components such as canopies, islands, and gantries, and collision with other vehicles were identified under potential TH non-compliances. Other heavy vehicles that visited PFS’s such as trucks, trailers, and buses also collided with other vehicles and associated components. The root cause identified was an improper facility design especially regarding the T/Ls’ turning radii.

9. Overtaking of T/Ls during fuel transportation was also observed as one of the causes.

10.In cold and monsoon season the accidents were recorded due to poor visibility conditions.

The allowable speed limit was set at only 5km/hr. Moreover, incomplete accident investigation may be the potential cause of TH recurrences. Transportation accidents caused damages to T/Ls, company vehicles, infrastructure and private vehicles.