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HET 31 1 - Semantics

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UNlVERSlTl SAINS MALAYSIA Second Semester Examination

Academic Session 200412005 March 2005

HET 31 1 - Semantics

Duration: 3 hours

Please check that this examination paper consists of TWO pages material before you begin the examination.

Answer FOUR questions. Questions 5 and 6 are compulsory.

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EITHER

1 . Directive language, according to Leech (1981), `capitalizes on the affective and associative power of words' which often results in conceptual meaning being subordinated to associative meaning. What does Leech mean by this? Do you agree with his claim? Why?

OR

2. What does Leech (1981) mean by the terms Associative Engineering, Conceptual Engineering and Positions. How do they compare and contrast with each other with regard to the type of meaning that is manipulated in each one? Discuss and provide relevant examples to clarify your answer.

EITHER

2 - [HET 522]

[30 marks]

3. Having the semantic knowledge of a language does not mean that a speaker of the language can define the meanings of all the words of the language. However, he or she can show or demonstrate this knowledge. Elaborate on five of the ten aspects of any speaker's semantic knowledge highlighted in Kreidler's (1998) discussion .

OR

4. Discuss the following statement: `Some sentences which contain ambiguous words are ambiguous while others are not, and some sentences which contain no ambiguous words are ambiguous while others are not'.

[20 marks]

5. Do you agree with Lakoff and Johnson's (1980) claim that the conceptual metaphor ARGUMENT IS WAR is reflected in our everyday language in a variety of expressions? Provide evidence for you answer. How is conceptual metaphor different from orientational

metaphor? Clarify with examples.

6. How do the concepts of deixis, context of utterance, universe of discourse and definiteness contribute towards the understanding of

linguistic meaning? Discuss your answer by providing definitions and detailed explanations of the concepts . Support with examples.

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[25 marks]

[25 marks]

Rujukan

DOKUMEN BERKAITAN

The aim of Critical Discourse Analysis is to “help increase consciousness of language and power, and particularly of how language contributes to the domination of some people

Find the main memory address using direct mapping, associative mapping and 2-way set associative mapping techniques. (ii) How many blocks are there in the

(i) Find the main memory address using direct mapping, associative mapping and 2-way set associative mapping techniques. Give examples of computers that are built based on RISC

Directive language, according to Leech (1981), `capitalizes on the affective and associative power of words' which often results in conceptual meaning being subordinated to

Clarify your answer by defining the sense relations that you find among the words listed below and provide examples to support

Include in your discussion the different types of associative meaning and provide examples to support your answer..

Deprivation of food, bed, walks in the open air, visitors, mail, or telephone calls; solitary confinement; deprivation of reading or entertainment materials; immobilizing people

discouraging sick behavior and encouraging healthy behavior through the selective granting of rewards ; the availability of seclusion, restraints, and closed wards to grant a patient