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96 Noriah BiDiN & waN aizUDDiN waN razaLi

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Figure 1 Peltier effect on the junction between dissimilar conductors Direction of heat flow

Material A Material B Material C

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98 Noriah BiDiN & waN aizUDDiN waN razaLi

Figure 2 The effect of electron jump in two level energies (a) electron flow from lower to high level requires absorbing heat (b) electron flow from higher to the lower level which cause releasing heat

(a) (b)

N Type N Type

P Type P Type

Electron flow

Electron absorbing flow

heat

releasing heat

Figure 3 The principle of thermoelectric module Heat Absorbed

Heat Released

Cold Side

Hot Side

P N P N

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Laser Head

Laser Output

Nd: YAG KTP

Diode laser

Fan Extractor 532 nm

1064 nm 808 nm

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100 Noriah BiDiN & waN aizUDDiN waN razaLi

Figure 5 DL and KTP temperatures as a function of current Current (A)

Temperature (°C)

Threshold Current

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

DL profile KTP profile

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102 Noriah BiDiN & waN aizUDDiN waN razaLi

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