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Climate Change Adaptation: Current Climate Change Adaptation: Current Status, Issues and Challenges in Status, Issues and Challenges in Cambodia

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Climate Change Adaptation: Current Climate Change Adaptation: Current Status, Issues and Challenges in Status, Issues and Challenges in Cambodia

Cambodia

by

Nyda CHHINH

Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia chhinh.nyda@rupp.edu.kh

Inception Workshop on “Mainstreaming Adaptation on Climate Change Corus Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 10 August 2009

1.

Country Profile

2.

Climate Related Hazards

Outline Outline

3.

Institutional Organization

4.

Issues and challenges raised by MoE

5.

RUPP Climate Change Initiative

6.

Conclusion

7.

Q & A

1.

Country Profile

Outline Outline

Population and Economics Population and Economics

•13.7 million in 2005

•84 living in rural area

•About 80 depending on subsistence agriculture (28% of GDP)

•GDP per capita: 354 in 2004

•Natural resources, agriculture production…

Mekong River

Mekong River

(2)

View of Seasonal Change of

View of Seasonal Change of TonleTonle Sap LakeSap Lake

10 Jan 2002 09 April 2002

07 July 2002 11 Oct 2002

1 2

3 4

Cambodia coastline Cambodia coastline

About 435 km long

2.

Climate Related Hazards

Outline

Outline Cambodia climate Cambodia climate

•Tropical monsoon

Min mean temperature 22oC

Max mean temperature 28 oC

Average rainfall from 1994-2004 varied from 1400mm to 1970 mm and up to 3800mm in Coastal areas

Climate Related Hazards Climate Related Hazards

Years/

Events

Affected People

Impacts Death

Casualty Floods

1999 2000 2001 2002

37,527 3,448,629 2,121,952 1,439,964

•17,732 hectare of rice destroyed

•491 houses destroyed

•317,975 houses damaged

•7,068 houses were destroyed

•2,251 houses destroyed

•1,082 houses destroyed

- 347 deaths - 62 deaths - 29 deaths Drought

2002

2,017,340 •43% hh in Cambodia drink unsafe water during dry season and 24% during rainy season

Malaria 2004 2005

No data •Waterborne diseases

•60,000 malaria cases were reported

- 800 deaths per year, the figure can be up to 10 times higher Dengue fever

2006

•7,655 case - 122 death per

4 hospital

Outline Outline

3.

Institutional Organization

(3)

Institutional Organization Institutional Organization

Ratifies the UNFCC in 1995; into force 1996

Acceded to the Kyoto Protocol 2002

MoE is the National Focal Point for UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocal

National Climate Change Committee (NCCC), which was established in 2006, served as policy- making body and measure to address CC issues within the country

CCCO was established in 2003 to work all relevant govt. agencies, NGOs and the like. CCCO is the implement body, GHG mitigation and inventory, and climate change adaptation activities

Outline Outline

4.

Issues and challenges raised by MoE

Issues and challenges raised by Issues and challenges raised by MoE MoE

Limited financial resources or funding for climate related activities,

Few climate change studies and experience within the country

Lack of climate change research and/or training institution in the country

Lack of data availability and reliability

Relatively low technical of local staff

Non-comprehensive national climate change policies and/or strategy

Lack of qualified national experts in the country

Limited public awareness and education on climate change and

Limited Technical, financial and institutional resources for adaption and mitigation

Outline Outline

5.

RUPP Climate Change Initiative

RUPP Climate Change Initiative RUPP Climate Change Initiative

Two researches were conducted by DES/RUPP

One research is starting

Curriculum on Climate Change is discussed

More researches will be encouraged both Researchers/Lecturer and Students

Wood fuel supply and demand, upply and demand, and carbon ccredit to to avoid deforestation

avoid deforestation

Study Objective

1.

Assess wood fuel supply and demand whether consumption of wood fuel cause deforestation or not

2.

Estimate CO2 emissions from non-sustainable wood fuel consumption

3.

Estimate carbon credits to avoid deforestation

(4)

Source of GHG emissions Source of GHG emissions

Forestry is 2ndGHG emitter in the globe.

LUCF is main GHG emitter in Cambodia.

19

Woodfuel consumption in Cambodia Woodfuel consumption in Cambodia

Woodfuel remain a vital energy for Cambodians, especially rural people. Sustainability of woodfuel has not known yet (Top et al., 2006) while 50% of woodfuel they consumed is harvested from natural forest (CCCO, 2006, 2003, & 2001). 20

Type of wood consumption Type of wood consumption

Firewood (Stere wood)

Palm sugar making

Charcoal making Pole collection

Woodfuel for Cooking 21

Opportunity cost of carbon credit Opportunity cost of carbon credit

About 4,596,896 dollars should be paid from 2010-2014 to keep forest stand.

More study needed especially on demand increment.

Policy maker or energy program developers should address woodfuel imbalance before promoting woodfuel as an alternative energy.

22

Study 2: Vulnerability of Climate Study 2: Vulnerability of Climate Change in Coastal Zone

Change in Coastal Zone

Main Findings:

Based on household survey, almost all respondents agreed that the salt water is claiming more land

Based on technical measurement, we found that concentration of salinity is increased substantially.

14 hectares is reported loss to saltwater

Study 3: Jatropha Curcas as Fuel wood Study 3: Jatropha Curcas as Fuel wood Replacement?

Replacement?

Study related objectives

CBA of Small Scale Jatropha curcas around the household fences

Fossil Diesel replacement capacity

Biofuel for Machinery or for Cooking?

Policy implication to motivate the costs

effectiveness options

(5)

Outline Outline

6.

Conclusion

Conclusion Conclusion

More research will be done by RUPP researchers and students (1) Mitigation Option: Biofuel for Cooking as the replacement of fuel wood and (2) Adaption Option: New rice-seedling on salty soil or Rehabilitation Irrigation Systems.

Integrate Climate Change Subject into current curriculum

Provide training services to Government Institutions, NGOs

Advocate through disseminate researcher results to a wide audience to adapt, mitigate and more to prevent climate hazard.

27

Thank you for your attention

Comments or Question?

Rujukan

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