U N I V E R S I T I T E K N O L O G I MARA
M I C R O C L I M A T I C E F F E C T ON DENGUE F E V E R O U T B R E A K
NOR SYAZWANI BINTI JAMALUDDIN
Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor Science of Geomatics
Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying
January 2018
A U T H O R ' S D E C L A R A T I O N
I declare that the work in this thesis/dissertation was carried out in aeeordanee with the regulations o f Universiti Teknologi MARA. It is original and is the results o f my own work, unless otherwise indieated or acknowledged as referenced work. This thesis has not been submitted to any other academic institution or non-academie institution for any degree or qualification.
I, hereby, acknowledge that I have been supplied with the Academic Rules and Regulations for Under Graduate, Universiti Teknologi MARA, regulating the conduct o f my study and research.
Name o f Student : Nor Syazwani Binti Jamaluddin Student I.D. No. : 2014875096
Programme Faculty
Thesis/Dissertation Title
Bachelor of Science Surveying Science and Geomatics (Hons) -AP220
Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying Microclimatic Fffect on Dengue Fever Outbreak
Signature o f Student
Date January 2018
A B S T R A C T
Dengue fever has escalates around the world in recent decades and the number of cases rise up year by year. Vegetation and temperature could be the possible factors of the dengue transmission due to microclimatic effects. Remote Sensing technique with the indices technique is found capable to monitor the dengue due to microclimatic effects.
Another factor that may contribute to the growth of dengue fever outbreaks is urbanization. Urbanization provided the ideal ecology for these mosquitoes referring to the increased density of populations as people flock to cities in search o f employment.
Thus, the aim o f this study is to determine mieroelimatie effect on dengue fever outbreak based on the relationship between vegetation (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Remote Sensing satellite image and dengue at Kedah and Penang from year 2010 to 2014 during North-East Monsoon. The objectives are to identify vegetation changes based on N D V I , to quantify temperature based on LST and to determine relationship hetween N D V I , LST and dengue fever outbreak. The strong relationship found hetween number of dengue eases and climatic factors which are N D V I and LST. It can he concluded that climatic conditions have a strong influence on dengue outbreak.
Keywords: microclimate, dengue, vegetation, temperature, relationship
TABLE OF CONTENT
T I T L E PAGE i CONFIRMATION B Y P A N E L O F E X A M I N E R S ii
AUTHOR'S D E C L A R A T I O N iii
A B S T R A C T iv A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T v
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T vi L I S T O F T A B L E xi L I S T O F F I G U R E S xii L I S T O F A B B R E V I A T I O N S xv
C H A P T E R I : I N T R O D U C T I O N
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Gap 2 1.3 Problem Statement 6
1.4 A i m 7 1.5 Objectives 7 1.6 Research Question 7
1.7 Overall Methodology 8
1.8 Study Area 9 1.9 Significance o f Study 11
1.10 Summary 11
3.4.6 Subset 34 3.4.7 Proeessing: Generation of N D V I 36
3.4.8 Proeessing: Image Classifieation 38 3.4.9 Land Surface Temperature (LST) 40
3.4.10 Pre-Processing 40 3.4.11 Processing: Generation of LST 41
3.4.11.1 Top of Atmospheric Spectral Radiance (TOA) 42 3.4.11.2 Conversion of Spectral Radiance to Temperature 42
3.4.12 Proeessing: Image Classifieation 44
3.4.13 Area of Interest (AOl) 44 3.5 Result and Analysis (Phase 3) 45
3.5.1 Map Production 45
3.6 Summary 45
C H A P T E R 4: R E S U L T AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction 46 4.2 Dengue Fever Cases 47 4.3. Vegetation Map for Kedah 49
4.3.1 Vegetation Map of Kedah in Year 2010 50 4.3.2 Vegetation Map ofKedah in Year 2011 51
