ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﹲﺙﻮﲝ
ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﳌﺍ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﰊﺃ :
ﻞﻴﻠﲢﻭ ﺽﺮﻋ
Al-ImÉm AbË al-×asan al-AshaÑrÊ’s Approach in UÎËl al-Fiqh:
An Analytical Survey
Metodologi Imam AbË al-×asan al-AshaÑrÊ dalam Usul Fiqah:
Satu Pembentangan dan Analisis
ﻡﺎﻣﺇ ﻝﺎﻤﻛ ﺪﻤﳏ
ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ
ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻰﺳﺭﺃ ﺎﻫﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻮﺑﺃ
ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ) ﰱﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﺳ
ﺓﺮﺠﻬﻠﻟ 324
( ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﰲ
ﻠﻋ ﻢ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ
ﺱﺭﺩﻭ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺿﺮﻋﻭ ﺪﻗ
ﻥﺎﻛ ﺮﺛﺃ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺕﺩﺍﺪﺘﻣﺍﻭ ﺓﲑﺜﻛ
ﰲ
ﺕﻻﺎﳎ .ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ، ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﻦﻣ ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺟ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﰲ ﻩﺀﺍﺭﺁﻭ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺙﺍﺮﺗ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺕﺮﺟﻉﻭﺮﻔﻟﺍﻢﻠﻋﻭﺃ )ﻪﻟﻮﺻﻭﺃﻭﻪﻘﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳﺎﻣ ﻥﺃﻻﺇ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺳ ﰲﺎﻬﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ (
ﱂ ﻖﻠﻳ ﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻋ ﲔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ . ﺎﻴﻌﺳﻭ ﻡﺎﻬﺳﻺﻟ ﰲ ﺪﺳ ﻮﻟﻭ ﺀﺰﺟ
ﲑﺴﻴﺳ ﺀﺍﺭﻵ ﺎﻴﻟﻭﺃ ﹰﻼﻴﻠﲢﻭ ﺎﺿﺮﻋ ﻡﺪﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﳛ ،ﺺﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
ﰲ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺕﺎﻬﻣﺃ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺍﺰﻓﺎﺣ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟ
ﺮﺜﻛﺃ .ﺍﺭﻮﻏﺪﻌﺑﺃﻭًﺀﺎﺼﻘﺘﺳﺍ
ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳ :
،ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ
،ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ
،ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ
،ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ
،ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ
،ﺓﺮﻋﺎﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ
. نادﻮﺴﻟا
ﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻩﺍﺭﻮﺘﻛﺩ
ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ
ﻛ ﺔﻳﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠ –
ﺮﺼﻣ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﳎ ﺮﻳﺮﲢ ﺲﻴﺋﺭﻭ ، .
Abstract
The intellectual approach whose foundations had been laid down by AbË Al-
×asan al-Ash‛arī (d. 324H) and according to which the Ash‛arite school was shaped with regard to theology and the study and exposition of the matters of belief has had a great impact and many ramifications in many other fields of Islamic thought, especially Islamic jurisprudence and legal theory.
Although al-Ash‛arī’s legacy and views pertaining to divine (jalīl) and natural (daqīq) issues in theology have been the subject of several studies, his views concerning issues of jurisprudence and legal theory have received less scholarly attention. Therefore, the present author attempts to provide an elementary analytical exposition of al-Ash‛arī’s thoughts on some major issues of Islamic legal theory (uÎËl al-fiqh) with the hope that it could motivate more comprehensive and profound research in this regard.
Key terms: al-Ash‛arī, Islamic theology, Islamic jurisprudence, ijtihād, Islamic legal theory, the Ash‛arites, the Mu‛tazilites.
Abstrak
Landasan pemikiran yang diletakkan oleh Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari (wafat 324 Hijrah), adalah merupakan dasar untuk perkembangan sekolah pemikiran teologi Mazhab al-Asy'ari. Ia mempunyai pengaruh yang besar dalam hal yang berkaitan dengan asas-asas iman namun ia juga telah mempengaruhi beberapa aspek pemikiran Islam yang lain khususnya ilmu Fiqh. Walaupun warisan ilmu al-Asy’ari dan pandangannya tentang masalah teologi telah diteliti dalam konteks yang berbeza, malangnya pandangannya tentang Fiqh dan cabangnya yang lain masih tidak mendapat perhatian yang menyeluruh daripada golongan pengkaji. Untuk menutup jurang perbezaan ini, kajian ini akan cuba untuk mengatasi kekurangan ini melalui satu pembentangan dan analisis awal terhadap pandangan al-Asy'ari dalam beberapa isu utama di dalam bidang Fiqh yang mungkin dapat menjadi pemangkin kepada kajian-kajian yang lebih lanjut berkenaan degannya pada masa hadapan.
Kata kunci: Ilmu Kalam al-Asy'ari, Doktrin, Fiqh, ijtihad, Usul-Fiqih, Mu'tazilah, Sudan, tasawuf.
حﻼﺻﻹا ،فﻮﺼﺘﻟا ، .
ﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﻘ : ﺭﻭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻟﺍ
لﻭﺼﻷ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ
ﺩﻨﻋ ﻱﺭﻌﺸﻷﺍ
ﺪﺘﲤ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ
ﲔﻧﺮﻗ ﺎﳘﻼﻛ ﺲﺳﺆﻳ ﻝﻮﺻﻷ
،ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﳘﻼﻛﻭ
ﺥﺭﺆﻳ ﺔﻣﺯﻷ
،ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﰲ
ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﻡﺪﺘﺣﺍ
ﻉﺍﺮﺻ ﻕﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﰲ
ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ
،ﻉﻭﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ
ﺔﲤﺎﺧ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺎﳊﺍ
ﰲ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ
ﻝﺎﺼﻔﻧﺎﺑ ﻞﺻﻭ
ﱃﺇ ﺪﺣ ﺔﻌﻴﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
،ﻝﺍﺰﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﰱﻭ
ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻰﺿﻮﻓ
ﺕﺎﻓﻼﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ
ﺕﺎﻋﺰﻧﻭ ﺐﺼﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﱃﺇ ﻕﻼﻏﺍ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍ .
ﺪﻘﻟ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻘﻠﻗ
ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ
ﱂ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻪﻟ
ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ
،ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﻭ
ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓ ﺕﺄﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻋ
،ﺔﻨﻴﻧﺄﻤﻄﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻓ
ﻎﻠﺑ ﻉﺍﺮﺼﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﻨﻣﺯ ﻪ
ﻩﺍﺪﻣ ﲔﺑ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋﻭ
ﺓﺩﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﻻﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﱂﻭ
ﻦﻜﻳ ﻉﺍﺮﺻ ﻞﻘﻋ ﻦﻳﺩﻭ
،ﺐﺴﺤﻓ ﻞﺑ
ﻪﻧﺇ ﻙﺎﺒﺘﺷﺍ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺕﺎﻬﺒﺟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ
،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﺳﻭ
ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﺟﺃ
ﺩﺍﺪﻣ
،ﲑﺜﻛ ﺕﺄﺸﻧﻭ ﺭﺎﻈﻧﺍ
ﺕﻻﺩﺎﳎﻭ ﻝﻮﺣ
ﺱﻭﺅﺭ
،ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﺑ
ﻝﻮﺣ ﻢﻫﺃ
،ﻞﺋﻻﺪﻟﺍ
ﺻﺎﺧ ﹰﺔ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ﻡﻼﻋﺃ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﱏﺎﺜﻟﺍ
ﺍﻮﺷﺎﻋ ﺍﺩﻮﻘﻋ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﰲ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ
،ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻝﺎﺜﻣﺃ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻦﺑ ﻞﺒﻨﺣ
، ﻆﺣﺎﳉﺍﻭ
، ﰊﺃﻭ ﻞﻳﺬﳍﺍ
،ﻑﻼﻌﻟﺍ
،ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﺑﺍﻭ
،ﺏﻼﻛ ﰊﺃﻭ
ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ
،ﻲﺴﻧﻼﻘﻟﺍ ﺙﺭﺎﳊﺍﻭ
ﻲﺳﺎﶈﺍ . ﺀﻻﺆﳍﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ
،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﻛ ﻢﻬﻀﻌﺒﻟﻭ
ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻣﺩﺎﺻ
ﻞﺜﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
،ﻉﺎﲨﻹﺍ ﻣﻭ
ﻒﻗﻮ ﻆﺣﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺚﻳﺩﺎﺣﺃ
،ﺩﺎﺣﻵﺍ ﻞﻛﻭ
ﺀﻻﺆﻫ
ﻢﻫﲑﻏﻭ ﻦﻣ
ﻢﻫﺃ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺮﻜﻓ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
، ﺳﻭ ﺃﺮﻘﻨ ﻢﻫﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﲔﺑ
ﻝﻮﺒﻘﻟﺍ ﺾﻓﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﰲ
ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻃﺃ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ
،ﺔﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ
ﻥﺃﻭ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﲰ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﺍ
ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﺻﺃﻭ ﰲ
ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﱏﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ
ﺎﻣ ﻩﺭﻮﺼﻳ ﻆﺣﺎﳉﺍ ﻕﺪﺻﺃ
ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪ
"
ﺞﺠﺣ ﺓﻮﺒﻨﻟﺍ "
ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ
" : ﺐﺠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ
ﻙﺮﺗ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻴﲤ
،ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﻙﺮﺗﻭ ﳌﺍ ﺘ ﻤﻠﻜ ﲔ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﻷﺍ
. ﺭﺎﺒﺧﻷﺎﺑﻭ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ
ﱯﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
،ﱯﻨﺘﳌﺍ ﻕﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ
،ﺏﺫﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻭ
ﻥﻮﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
،ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻀﻳﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ
،ﺔﻠﻓﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﳊﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ
،ﺔﺣﺎﺑﻹﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ
ﻦﻣ
،ﺔﻗﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺫﻭﺬﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ
ﺳﻻﺍ
،ﺔﺿﺎﻔﺘ
ﺩﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ
،ﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻟﺍﻭ
ﻦﻣ
،ﺔﻨﳉﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻋﻭ ﺓﺪﺴﻔﳌﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ...
ﻥﺇ ﻞﻛ ﻣ ﻨ ﻖﻄ
،ﺝﻮﺠﳏ ﺔﺠﳊﺍﻭ
ﻥﺎﺘﺠﺣ : ﻥﺎﻴﻋ
،ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﱪﺧﻭ
،ﺮﻫﺎﻗ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ
ﺎﻨﻤﻠﻜﺗ ﰲ ﻥﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﻭ ﻉﺮﻔﻳ
،ﻪﻨﻣ ﻼﻓ ﺪﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﻪﻠﺻﺃ ﻪﻋﺮﻓﻭ
،ﻪﻨﻣ ﻻﻭ ﺪﺑ ﻦﻣ
ﻕﺩﺎﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ
،ﻪﻠﺻﺃ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﰲ
،ﻪﻋﺮﻓ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺎﻓ ﻮﻫ ﺍ
،ﻝﺪﺘﺴﳌ ﻥﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍﻭ
ﱪﳋﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻋ
ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ
،ﻪﻠﺻﺃﻭ ﻝﺎﳏﻭ
ﻥﻮﻛ ﻉﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ
،ﻞﺻﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻛﻭ
ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻊﻣ
ﻡﺪﻋ
،ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻤﻀﻣ
،ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍﻭ
ﻦﻤﻀﻣ
،ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻻﻭ
ﺪﺑ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ
،ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﺲﻴﻟﻭ
ﻝﺎﻄﺑﻹ ﺎﳘﺪﺣﺃ ﻪﺟﻭ ﻊﻣ ﺇ ﺏﺎﳚ
،ﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﻧ
،ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍﻭ
ﻥﺎﻋﻮﻧ ...
ﺎﳘﺪﺣﺃ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﻋ ﻝﺪﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﺐﺋﺎﻏ ﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﺀﻲﳎ ﱪﺧ ﻝﺪﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺪﺻ ."
1
ﻭ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻒﺻﻭ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﺔﻄﻳﺮﳋ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ
ﱄﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﰲ
ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺃ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﱏﺎﺜﻟﺍ
،ﻯﺮﺠﳍﺍ
ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﺔﻈﳊ
ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﰲ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ - ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﱂ ﺐﺘﻜﻳ
ﺪﻌﺑ - ﻰﻫﻭ ﺔﻈﳊ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﱴﻟﺍﻭ ﺖﺒﻋﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺼﻋ
ﺍ ﻝﻮﺳﺮﻟ
ﻱﺮﺼﻋﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺤﺼﻟﺍ
،ﲔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﱃﺇ
ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ
ﺕﺍﺮﻇﺎﻨﻣﻭ
،ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗﻭ
ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻭﺪﺒﺗ ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟ
ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺗ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ
ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﻪﻴﻠﺻﺄﺗ ﻪﺒﻴﺗﺮﺗﻭ
،ﻪﻨﻳﻭﺪﺗﻭ ﻮﻫﻭ
ﺔﻈﳊ ﺀﺎﻘﻟ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﺓﺮﻜﺒﻣﻭ ﲔﺑ
ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﺜﳝﻭ
ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ
، ﻮﻫﻭ ﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﲦﺃ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﲔﻤﻠﻜﺘﳌﺍ ﰲ
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ
. ﺍﺬﳍﻭ
ﺐﻌﺼﻳ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﲟ
ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻳ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻲﺤﺒﺻ ﻦﻋ 2
ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
" : ﻪﻧﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻦﻣ
ﺭﺬﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻞﻈﻳ
ﻴﻟﺰﺘﻌﻣ ﺎ ﺪﺒﻌﺘﻳﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ...
ﺎﲟﺭﻭ ﺐﺠﻋﺃ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺎﲟ
ﻡﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ
ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ
ﻞﻫﺃ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺃﻭ
ﻞﻫ ﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻱ
، ﺪﻘﻓ ﺮﺼﻗ ﻮﺑﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﻨﺣ ﻩﺮﻈﻧ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ
ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ
،ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍﻭ ﻞﻤﻋﻭ
ﺑ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺎ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍﻭ
ﲔﺣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻚﺸﻳ ﰲ ﱪﺧ
،ﻝﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ
ﻚﻟﺎﻣ ﺎﲟﺮﻓ ﻁﺮﻓﺃ ﰲ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﺳﺮﳌﺍ
ﻭﺍ ﻢﺘﻫ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺎﺑ
ﺿﺮﻌﻣ ﺎ ﻦﻋ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ
، ﺀﺎﺠﻓ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻴﻟ
ﲔﺑ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ
ﻥﺎﻜﻓ
ﻪﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﺪﺼﻗﺃ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ
"،
ﻥﺎﻛﻭ 3
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻳ
ﻌ ﻲ ﺃ ﻪﻧ ﻩﺮﻈﺘﻨﻳ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻞﺛﺎﳑ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﰲ
ﺼﻟﺍ ﺮ ﻉﺍ ﺮﺋﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻮﻠﻏ ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ
،ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﻮﻗﻭﻭ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍ
ﺪﻨﻋ ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ .
ﺍﺬﻜﻫ ﺖﺤﺟﺮﺗ ﻯﺪﻟ
ﰊﺃ ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺷ
ﻪﺒﻫﺬﻣ
،ﻰﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﱴﺣ
ﺭﺬﻌﺗ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ
ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﺶﻳﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ
ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ
،ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﺑ
ﻥﺇ ﻠﻴﺠﺒﺗ ﻪ ﱂ ﻦﻜﻳ ﹰﺍﺭﻮﺼﻘﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ
ﻩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺮﺋﺎﺳ ﺔﻤﺋﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻢﻬﺳﺃﺭ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻦﺑ ﻞﺒﻨﺣ ﻢﺼﺧ ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ .
،ﺏﻮﺒﳏ ﻦﺑ ﻭﺮﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻮﺑﺃ ،ﻆﺣﺎﳉﺍ1
ﻆﺣﺎﳉﺍ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺼﻔﻟﺍ ،ﻆﺣﺎﳉﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺭ ﺒﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ،
ﻴ ،ﻥﺎﺴﺣ ﻦﺑ ﷲﺍ ﺪ
ﺩﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻴﻋ ﻞﺳﺎﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ ﺮﺸﻧ )
ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﻁ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،1
/1420
(2000
ﺝ ،
/2
ﺹ ،3 -172
.173
،ﺩﻮﻤﳏ ﺪﲪﺃ ،ﻲﺤﺒﺻ 2
ﰲ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ )
ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﻁ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،5
(1985
ﺝ ، ﺹ ،2
،25
.53
ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﰲ ﻕﺯﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻲﺤﺒﺻ ﺪﲪﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻆﺣﻼﻳ 3
"
ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟ ﺪﻴﻬﲤ
"
،
ﺹ ﻖﻠﳋﺍ ﺚﻴﻐﻣ ﰲ ﲏﻳﻮﳉﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﻺﻟ ﻲﻫ ﻞﺻﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻭ 225
.
ﻭ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻩﺭﺮﻗ ﺪﲪﺃ ﺤﺒﺻ ﻲ ﳛ ﺝﺎﺘ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻔﻗﻭ ﻪﻌﻣ
، ﺎﳌ ﻰﻠﻳ :
1
ﻮﻬﻓ-
ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻕﺎﺴﺗﺍ
ﻒﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻲ ﻊﻣ ﺐﻫﺬﳌﺍ ﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ
ﻲ
، ﺍﺬﻫﻭ
ﺾﳏ
،ﺽﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺎﻓ
ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﺪﻨﻳ ﺭ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﻛ
ﻴﻌﻓﺎﺷ ﺎ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻣﻟ
ﻴﻜ ﺎ ﹰﻼﻴﻟﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻕﺎﺴﺗﻻﺍ
ﲔﺑ ﻩﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﻲﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﺐﻫﺬﳌﺍﻭ
ﻲﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﹰﻃﺮﺷ
ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺀﺎﻄﻌﻟﺍﻭ
ﻱﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ . ﻔﻜﻳﻭ ﻲ ﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺷ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﳉﺍ ﺦﻴﺷ ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻩﺮﺼﻋ - ﰲ
ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﻮﺻﺃﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ
- ﻥﺎﻛ
ﻴﻌﻓﺎﺷ ﺎ ﰲ ﻉﻭﺮﻔﻟﺍ
، ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻛ ﻥ ﻩﺬﻴﻤﻠﺗ ﻮﺑﺃ ﲔﺴﳊﺍ
ﻱﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻟﺰﺘﻌﻣ
ﰲ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺎﻴﻔﻨﺣ
ﰲ ﻉﻭﺮﻔﻟﺍ . ﲑﺴﻔﺗﻭ ﻝﻮﲢ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ
ﻝﺍﺰﺘﻋﻻﺍ
ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻟﺎﺑ - ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﺪﲪﺃ ﺤﺒﺻ ﻲ - ﱃﺇ ﻪﺋﺎﻤﺘﻧﺍ ﱯﻫﺬﳌﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻧﺪﻨﻋ ﻞﳏ
،ﺮﻈﻧ ﺢﺼﻳﻭ
ﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟ ﻪﻔﺻﻭ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﻂﻴﺴﺒﺗ
،ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻓ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺎ ﰲ
ﻪﻟﺍﺰﺘﻋﺍ ﱂ ﻦﻜﻳ ﺩﺮﳎ ﺬﻴﻤﻠﺗ ﻲﺋﺎﺒﺠﻠﻟ
ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﻭ ﺘﻳﻠ ﻘ ﻰ
،ﻢﻠﺴﺘﺴﻳﻭ ﻞﺑ
ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻪﻔﺼﻳ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺮﻛﺎﺴﻋ ﰲ
"
ﺗﺒﻴ ﲔ ﺏﺬﻛ ﺮﺘﻔﳌﺍ ﻱ "
-
ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﰲ ﺲﻟﺎﺍ ﺍﺫﻭ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﺼﳋﺍ . ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻤﻓ 1
ﻝﺍﺰﺘﻋﻻﺍ -
ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﻖﲝ
ﺏﻮﺠﳏ ﻦﺑ
ﺩﻼﻴﻣ - ﱂ ﺩﺭﺩﺰﺗ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻻﻭ
،ﻪﺘﻤﻀﻫ ﺪﻗﻭ
ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻟ
ﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﺎ
ﻮﻗ ﻯ ﻪﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﻨﻳﺭﺎﻤﺘﺑ
ﺔﻴﻟﺪﳉﺍ
،ﻪﺋﺩﺎﺒﻣﻭ
"
ﻣﺎﻧﻭ
ﺳﻮ ﺎ "
ﻳﺮﻜﻓ ﺎ ﻪﻧﺎﻋﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻮﻤﻨﻳ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻳﻭ
ﱃﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻎﻠﺑ ﻩﺪﺷﺭ
،ﻰﻠﻔﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺠﻀﻧﻭ
،ﻰﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺭﻮﻌﺷﻭ
ﻪﺗﺍﺬﺑ
"
.2
ﺎﻤﻛ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍ ﱂ ﻘﻳﺒ ﺍﻮﻠ ﺎﺑﺃ ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﱂﻭ ﺍﻮﺒﺣﺮﻳ ﻪﺑ ﱴﺣ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﺃ ﺍﻭﺃﺮﻗ ﻪﺒﺘﻛ
ـﻛ
"
ﺔﻧﺎﺑﻹﺍ "
ﻭ"
ﻊﻤﻠﻟﺍ "
ﺎﳘﲑﻏﻭ
؛ ﻥﻷ ﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ﺔﻴﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺍﺰﺘﻋﺍ . ﺪﻗﻭ ﻒﻟﺃ ﺪﺣﺃ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ
ﻮﺑﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﳊﺍ ﻦﺴ ﻦﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﻦﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺰﻳ ﻯﺯﺍﻮﻫﻷﺍ ﺮﻘﳌﺍ
ﻱ ) ﺕ ﻫ446
(
ﺩﺭ ﺍ ﹰﻔﻴﻨﻋ ﺎ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻩﺎﲰ
"
ﺐﻟﺎﺜﻣ ﻦﺑﺍ ﰊﺃ ﺮﺸﺑ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ "
ﺃ ﻰﺗ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺑ ﺔﺣﺭﺎﺟ
ﺪﻘﻧﻭ ﻉﺫﻻ
ﺺﺨﺸﻟ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
.3
،ﺮﻛﺎﺴﻋ ﻦﺑﺍ 1
ﷲﺍ ﺔﺒﻫ ﻦﺑ ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﻦﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻲﻘﺸﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻛﺎﺴﻋ ﻦﺑ
ﰊﺃ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺐﺴﻧ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻱﺮﺘﻔﳌﺍ ﺏﺬﻛ ﲔﻴﺒﺗ،
،ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﲪﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ
ﺎﻘﺴﻟﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﺠﺣ ﺪ )
ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﺭﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﳉﺍ ﻁ ، ،1 /1416
(،1995
ﺹ .91
،ﺏﻮﺠﳏ ،ﺩﻼﻴﻣ ﻦﺑﺍ2
ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﺳ ﰲ )
ﺗ ﺲﻧﻮ : ﻟ ﺔﻣﻼﺳﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻠ
،ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ (1962
ﺹ ، .38
،ﻢﻴﺸﺧ3
،ﻲﻤﻬﻓ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻴﺋﺎﺒﳉﺍ
) ﺑﺍﺮﻃ ﻠ ﺲ - ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻟ : ﺒﺘﻜﻣ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺔ ،ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ (1968
ﺹ ، .368
.2
ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﱏﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﰲ
ﻩﺮﺼﻋ ﱂ ﻦﻜﻳ ﻩﺪﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻟﺍ
، ﻥﺇﻭ ﻥﺎﻛ
ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ
ﻋﺎﺒﺗﺃ ﺎ ﺑﻷﺍﻭ ﺪﻌ
ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺍ؛
ﺪﻘﻓ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻬﻇ ﻪﻴﻓ
ﺮﺼﻋ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﳌﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ
ﺪﺸﻨﺗ
ﻝﻮﻠﳊﺍ
،ﻰﻄﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻐﺒﺗﻭ
ﻲ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻘﻴﻓﻮﺘﻟﺍ
ﻴ
،ﺔ ﺍﺬﻜﻫﻭ ﳒ ﺪ ﰲ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻇ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ
ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ )
ﺕ ﻫ(324
ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﺮﺗﺎﳌﺍ
ﺪﻨﻗﺮﻤﺴﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺪﻳ ﺎﻬﺒﺣﺎﺻ ﰊﺃ
ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﺪﻳﺮﺗﺎﳌﺍ
ﻱ ) ﺕ ﻫ(321
، ﺭﻮﻬﻇﻭ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔﻳﻭﺎﺤﻄﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﲟ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻳ ﰊﺃ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ
ﻭﺎﺤﻄﻟﺍ ﻱ ) ﺕ ﻫ(321
...
ﺬﻫﻭ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﺋﺎﻘﻌﻟ ﺙﻼﺜﻟﺍ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻮﻛ ﺮﺒﻌﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺐﻫﺍﺬﻣ ﻞﻫﺃ
ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ
،ﺔﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍﻭ ﻻﺇ
ﻥﺃ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻫﺰﻴﳝ ﻮﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺪﻳﺮﺗﺎﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ
ﺦﻴﺷ ﻑﺎﻨﺣﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺇﻭ
ﻞﻫﺃ
ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍﻭ ﺪﻨﻗﺮﻤﺴﺑ
ﻭﺃ ﺩ ﻳ ﺭﺎ ﺎﻣ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ
،ﺮﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ
ﻡﺎﻣﺇ ﺦﻴﺷﻭ ﻞﻫﺃ
ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍﻭ ﺔ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺭﺎﻳﺩ ﻕﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧﻭ
،ﻡﺎﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ
ﻥﺎﻛ ﻭﺎﺤﻄﻟﺍ ﻱ
ﺦﻴﺷ ﻑﺎﻨﺣﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺇﻭ
ﻞﻫﺃ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍﻭ ﰲ
ﺮﺼﻣ .1
ﻞﺑ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻊﻤﳉﺍ
ﲔﺑ ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﺻﻭ ﺪﺣﺃ
ﻦﻣ ﺍﻮﺒﺘﻛ ﻖﻤﻌﺑ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺐﻫﺬﳌﺍ ﲎﺴﻟﺍ
ﺎﺄﺑ ﲑﻏ ﺔﺠﺿﺎﻧ . ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ
ﺪﻴﺍ ﻮﺑﺃ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻭﺪﺑ ﻱ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
ﻦﻋ ﻢﻴﺴﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﺒﺸﺘﻟﺍﻭ
ﰲ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ
"
ﻹﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﺔﻧﺎﻳﺪﻟﺍ
":
"
ﻥﺇ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻀﻣ ﺎﻧﻮﻋﺪﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺪﻘﻧ ﻥﺃ
"
ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﻟﺍ
"
ﰲ ﺐﻫﺬﻣ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﱂ
ﺢﻀﺘﺗ ﺎﺣﻮﺿﻭ
ﺎﻨﻴﺑ ﻻﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻳ ﻩﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ
ﺍﻮﻠﻌﺟ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ
،ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﻌﲨﻭ ﲔﺑ ﲔﻨﺛﻻﺍ ﰲ
ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﻢﻬﺋﺍﺭﺁ ﺍﻭﺭﻮﻠﺑﻭ
ﺐﻫﺬﳌﺍ ﱴﺣ
ﺖﺤﻀﺗﺍ
،ﻪﳌﺎﻌﻣ ﺍﻭﺪﻬﻣﻭ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ
ﻪﻣﺎﻣﺃ
ﺓﻮﻄﻴﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ
.2
ﻭ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
، ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻖﻓﻭ ﻩﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻯﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺗ
ﺍﺮﻣﺃ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﱂ ﻦﻜﻳ ﹰﻼﻴﺤﺘﺴﻣ
، ﻦﻣﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻊﺒﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﻩﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ .
ﺔﻧﺎﻨﺧﺃ 1
، ،ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﻰﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺐﻫﺬﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ )
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﳌﺍ :
ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﺸﻨﻣ
ﺍﻭ ﻭﺆﺸﻟ ﻁ ، ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭ ،2
(2007
ﺹ ،
-25
ﺶﻣﺎﳍﺍﻭ ﱳﳌﺍ26
.
،ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻮﺑﺃ ﺪﻴﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ،ﻱﻭﺪﺑ2
ﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻫﺬﻤﻠﻟ ﻯﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻕﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﰲ ﲎﺴﻟﺍ ﺐ
ﺩﺍﺪﻐﺑ ﻁﻮﻘﺳ ﱴﺣ ﺲﻣﺎﳋﺍ )
ﺓﺪﺟ : ﻁ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﱂﺎﻋ
، 1
(1983
ﺹ ، .26
ﺩﻮﻌﻳﻭ ﻚﻟﺫ - ﻛ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺎﺷﺃ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﲪﺃ
ﺐﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺜﲝ "
ﺲﺳﺃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﺪﳉﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
"
- ﱃﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ
ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻦﻋ ﻪﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ
ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ – ﺎﻌﺒﺗﻭ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ – ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻳ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﻻ ﻥﺎﻬﺘﺴﻳ
،ﺎ
ﻲﻫ
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ
ﱴﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻛﺮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺪﻌﺑ . ﻳﻭ ﻯﺮ ﺐﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﻔﻨﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﺘﺴﻟﺍ
ﱴﻟﺍ
ﻭ ﺖﻠﺻ ﺎﻨﻴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺙﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﺍﺮﺘﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ
ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻛ ﻎﻠﺒﻳ ﱵﺋﺎﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ
، ﺐﻌﺼﻳ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ
ﺔﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺕﺎﻬﻣﺃ
ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ .
ﻒﻴﻀﻳﻭ -
ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﰲ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﺎﻔﻨﺼﳌﺍ -
ﹰﻼﺋﺎﻗ
" : ﻥﺫﺇﻭ ﺲﻴﻠﻓ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻮﻘﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ
ﺀﻲﺷ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺜﲤ ﻩﺬﻫ
ﺕﺎﻔﻨﺼﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺪﶈﺍ
– ﹰﻼﻜﺷ
ﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣﻭ ﺎ-
ﺐﻫﺬﻣ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﺴﻠﻓﻭ
ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺑﺄﺑ
ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﰲ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ
، ﻭﺃ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﻇﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻝﺪﳉﺍﻭ
، ﻭﺃ ﰲ ﺕﻻﻮﻘﻌﳌﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺑ
،ﻡﺎﻋ
ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺎ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻨﺛﺪﲢ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﺛﻮﳌﺍ
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻬﻠﺘﳛ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
ﻡﺎﻣﺈﻛ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ
،ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻪﻔﺼﺗﻭ
ﺄﺑ ﻪﻧ ﺦﻴﺷ
،ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺇﻭ ﻕﺎﻓﻵﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺪﳉﺍ ﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘ . ﻪﻧﺃﻭ
ﺎﺠﺷ ﰲ ﻕﻮﻠﺣ
،ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﻪﻧﺃﻭ
ﻸﻣ ﺎﻴﻧﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻔﻟﺆﲟ ﻪﺗﺍﺮﻇﺎﻨﻣﻭ
"
.1
ﻦﻜﳝﻭ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻯﺮﺣﻷﺎﺑ
،ﻪﺗﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺭﻮﻀﺣﻭ
ﺓﺮﻋﺎﺷﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻕﺩﻷﺎﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺭﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ
ﻞﻌﺟ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ
ﺓﺮﺋﺎﺣ ﲔﺑ
ﺭﺎﺒﻛ ﻪﻴﺳﺭﺍﺩ . ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺎﻓ ﺪﺒﻋ
ﺪﻴﺍ ﻮﺑﺃ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﺑ ﻱﻭ ﻡﺰﳚ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﻭﺪﺒﻳ ﻦﻣ
ﻩﺮﻜﻓ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﺠﺳ ﰲ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻧﺎﺑﻹﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﺔﻧﺎﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺞ
ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻨﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻞﻫﺃ
ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﰲ
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﲑﺜﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ .2
ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻸﻟﻭ ﺪﻤﳏ
ﱐﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ –
ﻑﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻗﺪﻟﺎﺑ
ﻖﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﰲ
ﻪﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﲢ ﻪﺛﺎﲝﺃﻭ
- ﰲ
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﲢ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟ
"
ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ "
ﻦﺑﻻ ﺭﻮﻓ ﻙ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻧ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻙﺭﻮﻓ ﻪﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻ
ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻪﻌﺿﻭ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻪﺤﻘﻧﻭ
ﻩﺬﻴﻣﻼﺗ ﻦﻣ
ﻩﺪﻌﺑ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ :
،ﺐﻴﻄﻟﺍ 1
،ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﲪﺃ
"
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻝﺪﳉﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺲﺳﺃ
"
ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ،ﺮﻫﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺣ ، ،
1987
ﺩﺪﻋ ﺹ ،4 -20
.24
ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ2
ﺹ ،
-25
.26
"
ﻯﺀﺍﺮﺘﻳﻭ ﱄ
ﻪﻧﺃ ﻮﻟ ﺭﺪﻗ ﻞﺜﳌ
،ﺎﻨﺒﺣﺎﺻ -
ﻮﻫﻭ ﺔﻳﻭﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺘﻘﳌﺍ - ﻥﺃ ﻂﺑﺮﻳ ﲔﺑ ﻩﺎﲡﻻﺍ
ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺼﻨﻟﺍ
ﺎﻤﻛ ﻪﻠﺜﳝ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ
،ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﻟ
ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ
ﺍﲑﺧ
ﺍﲑﺜﻛ
"،
ﺍﺬﻫﻭ 1
ﲏﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﰲ
ﻦﺑﺍ ﻙﺭﻮﻓ ﻪﻠﻌﳚ – ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﱐﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ -
ﺮﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻋﺍﺪﺑﺇﻭ ﺍﺪﻴﻌﺑ
ﻦﻋ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﻲﺣﻮﻟﺍ
.
ﺎﻣﺃ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺳ
ﺪﻴﻌﺴﻨﺑ ﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻱ ﻡﺪﻘﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻟ ﰲ
"
ﺏﺎﻄﳋﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
"
ﹰﻼﻘﻋ
ﻳﺮﻌﺷﺃ ﺎ
ﻻ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﻳ ﻦﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﺐﻫﺬﳌﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
،ﻩﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣﻭ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ
ﻑﺪﻬﺘﺴﻳ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ
ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﲑﺻ ﻖﺴﻨﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻩﺪﺻﺭﻭ
ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﺍﺫ
. ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ
ﻝﻮﻘﻌﻣ ﻞﻴﲨﻭ ﰲ
،ﻪﺗﺍﺫ ﻻﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺑﺮﻏ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻜﻠﺳ ﻱﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟ ﱳﳌﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
ﻪﻠﻌﲡ ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻏ ﻦﻋ
،ﻪﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻌﲡﻭ
ﺔﻠﺣﺭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻞﻘﻋ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﺃ – ﺐﺴﻜﻴﻟ ﺘﻴﻋﺮﺷ
ﻪ ﰲ
،ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻠﻫﺃﻭ
ﰲ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﻟﺍﻭ
ﻦﻋ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﺒﻨﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ
،ﻪﺟﻭ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﱄﺍﺰﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻪﺟﻭ
،ﺮﺧﺁ ﰒ ﻪﻧﺇ ﻲﻌﻳ ﻪﺗﺍﺫ ﰲ ﻚﻟﺫ
،ﻪﻠﻛ ﰲ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟ ﻪﻤﺼﺧ ﻰﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﻪﻀﻴﻘﻧﻭ
ﻲﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻄﳌﺍﻭ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻋﺎﲰﻹﺍ ﲏﻃﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻪﳌﺎﻋﻭ ﻱﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻣﺮﺑ
- ﹰﺔﻠﺣﺭ ﻻ ﻞﺼﺗ ﱃﺇ
ﺊﻃﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﳌﺍ
،ﺩﻮﺸﻨ ﻻﻭ ﻦﻜﲤ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
"
ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﺐﻫﺬﳌﺍ
"
، 2
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻮﳓ ﺎﻣ ﺕﺭﺮﻘﺗ
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﰒ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ
،ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﳌﺎﻃ ﻥﺃ ﺀﻲﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﻻ ﺪﺑ ﻥﺃ ﺖﻔﻠﻳ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﻤﻴﺘﺴﻴﺑﻹﺍ
ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺪﻴﺣﻭ
،ﻩﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﻪﺠﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﻦﻣ ﻆﻔﻠﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺍ
،ﲎﻌﳌ ﺎﻤﻛ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋﻭ ﻮﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻏﻼﺒﻟﺍ .
ﺍﲑﺧﺃﻭ ﲑﺸﻧ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻞﻴﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﺻﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻢﻬﻔﻟ
ﺓﺭﻭﲑﺼﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ
،ﺓﺮﻋﺎﺷﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﺪﺑﻭ
ﺔﻇﻮﺤﻠﻣ ﺩﺪﳛ
ﻲﺻﻮﻘﻟﺍ
ﻩﺩﻮﺼﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ
ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻲﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺑ
ﻡﺎﻋ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﻪﻧﺇ
"
ﻚﻟﺫ ﺏﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺪﻬﳉﺍ
ﻹﺍ ﻯﺩﺍﺭ ﻰﻠﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻟﺬﺒﻳ ﺮﻜﻔﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺎﻧﺃ
،ﺮﺑﺪﺗﻭ ﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻩﲑﻜﻔﺗ ﺲﺳﺃﻭ
،ﻪﺘﻳﺅﺭ
،ﺮﻜﺑ ﻮﺑﺃ ،ﻙﺭﻮﻓ ﻦﺑﺍ 1
ﺪﳊﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺩﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ)
( ﱐﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ، )
ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻁ ،ﻰﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ،1
(1999
ﺹ ،ﻖﻘﶈﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ،
-55
.56
،ﻱﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ2
ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﻦﺑ
،ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻄﳋﺍ )
ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ،ﰉﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ (1992
ﺹ ،
-18 ،19
ﻭ .175
ﺚﻴﲝ ﻰﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﻌﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ
ﻒﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﻭﺃ ﹰﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻔﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ
"،
1
ﻯﺃ ﻮﻫ ﺪﻘﻧ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺰﳉﺍ ﻪﺗﺍﺬﻟ .
ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﲏﻴﻨﻌﻳ ﰲ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺻﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﲎﻳﻮﳉﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺘﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﻪ ﺓﺮﻓﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﳏ ﰲ
ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ
ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﻖﻠﺧ
،ﻝﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺑﻭ
ﺮﻜﻔﳌﺍ ﻲﺻﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺍﺬﻫ ﲑﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ
،ﺪﻴﻴﺸﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺘﻟﺍﻭ
،ﺪﻴﻌﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﺍﺮﻧ
ﰲ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ - ﲏﻋﺃ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﱪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ
ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ -
ﻰﺗﺄﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
،ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﻳﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﻪﺘ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ
ﺎﻣﺪﻫ
،ﺎﻀﻘﻧﻭ ﺍﺪﻴﻨﻔﺗﻭ
،ﹰﻻﺎﻄﺑﺇﻭ
"
ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻌﺗﻭ ﺔﺸﻫﺪﻟﺍ
ﲔﺣ ﻩﺍﺮﺗ - ﰲ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ -
ﻢﺟﺎﻬﻳ
ﺐﺴﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﻮﺠﻫ
ﺎﳛﺮﺻ ...
ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻌﺗﻭ ﺔﺸﻫﺪﻟﺍ
ﲔﺣ ﻩﺍﺮﺗ - ﰱ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ -
ﺢﻠﺴﺘﻳ ﺾﻌﺒﺑ
ﺔﺤﻠﺳﺃ ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺎﳌﺎﻃ ﺟﻭ ﻪ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻡﺎﻬﺳ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ
"
ﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍ
"
...
ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻌﺗﻭ ﺔﺸﻫﺪﻟﺍ
ﲔﺣ
ﻩﺍﺮﺗ ﰲ
" ﺍ ﻥﺎﻫﱪﻟ "
ﺬﺒﻨﻳ ﺐﺴﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻞﺠﻋ ﹰﻼﺋﺎﻗ
" : ﻥﺇ ﺪﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺎﲟ ﻮﻫ
ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﻓ
،ﻪﺑﺭ ﻻﻭ ﻰﺠﻨﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻪﻳﻮﲤ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﻛﺬﺑ ﺐﺴﻜﻟﺍ
"
.2
ﻭ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻱ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺷﺃ
،ﲎﻳﻮﳉﺍ ﺔﻠﺻﻻ
ﻪﻟ ﺔﻨﺘﻔﺑ
ﹸﻜﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺪﻨ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱂ ﻦﻜﻳ
،ﺎﻴﻟﺰﺘﻌﻣ ﻻﻭ
ﻢﻋﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻩﺪﻬﺷ ﻭﺮﻜﻔﻣ ﺷﻷﺍ ﺓﺮﻋﺎ ﰲ ﻢﻜﺣ
ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
،ﻚﻠﳌﺍ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ﻥﺎﻌﻣﺈﺑ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺃ ﻖﻓ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﻞﻀﻔﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻌﻟ ﺇ ﻡﺎﻣ ﲔﻣﺮﳊﺍ
ﱂﻭ ﺐﺘﻜﺗ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡﻼﻟ ﱃﺍﺰﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻻﺇ
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﺃ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﺾﻌﺑ
ﻩﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﹰﺍﺀﺰﺟ
ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﰲ
ﺎﲑﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ
.
ﺪﻘﻟ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﳏ
ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓ ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﻤﻠﻟ
، ﺪﻗﻭ ﺖﺣﺎﺗﺃ ﺻ
ﻪﺘﺒﺤ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻄﻟﺍ
ﻝﺍﺰﺘﻋﻼﻟ -
ﻦﻣ ﺭﺪﺻ ﻪﺑﺎﺒﺷ ﱴﺣ ﻪﻏﻮﻠﺑ ﲔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ -
ﻥﺃ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﻪﻨﻣ
ﻩﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ
ﺔﻴﺑﺎﳚﻹﺍ
، ﻒﻴﻀﻳﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ
ﺎﻣ ﻦﻤﻀﻳ ﺔﻣﻼﺳ ﺎﻬﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﺴﺣﻭ
،ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ
ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﰲ
ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﻣ ﻒﻌﻀﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ . ﻢﻠﻓ ﻦﻜﻳ ﺐﻫﺬﻣ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﰲ
ﺔﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺛ
،ﻲﺻﻮﻘﻟﺍ 1
ﻞﻴﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ
،
"
ﺪﻨﻋ ﻰﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺇ
ﲔﻣﺮﳊﺍ ﻡﺎﻣ ﲏﻳﻮﳉﺍ
"
ﺏﺎﺘﻜﺑ ﺚﲝ ، ﲔﻣﺮﳊﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﻹ ﺔﻴﻔﻟﻷﺍ ﻯﺮﻛﺬﻟﺍ
ﲏﻳﻮﳉﺍ ﻞﻳﺮﺑﺇ ، ﺔﺣﻭﺪﻟﺍ1999
ﺹ ،2000
ﻭ 266
.357
،ﻲﺻﻮﻘﻟﺍ 2
ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ .
ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﱄﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍ
ﻀﻓﺭﻭ ﺎ ﺎﻴﻠﻛ
،ﻪﻟ ﻞﺑ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﺇ ﻪﻟ ﰲ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻰﺸﻤﺘﻳ ﻊﻣ
ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﰲ
ﻚﻠﺗ
،ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳﻭ ﺭﺪﻗﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻉﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ
،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ
ﺀﺎﺿﺭﺇﻭ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﳊﺍ
،ﺔﻨﻳﺎﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﻊﲨﻭ
ﺭﻮﻬﻤﳉﺍ ﻢﻈﻋﻷﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ .1
ﺞﻬﻨﻤ لﻭﺼﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ
ﺩﻨﻋ ﻱﺭﻌﺸﻷﺍ
ﺬﻤﻠﺘﺗ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺎﺳﺃ ﺬﻴﺗ ﻩﺮﺼﻋ ﰲ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﻭ
،ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍﻭ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ
ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻮﺑﺃ
ﻕﺎﺤﺳﺇ ﺯﻭﺮﳌﺍ
،ﻱ ﺎﻳﺮﻛﺯﻭ ﻦﺑ
ﲕﳛ
،ﻲﺟﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺳﻭ 2
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻓ ﺭﺎﺒﻛ ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﰲﻭ ﻢﻬﺘﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻮﺑﺃ
ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺞﻳﺮﺳ ) ﺕ ( 306
ﻮﺑﺃﻭ ﺮﻜﺑ
ﻝﺎﻔﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﺸﻟﺍ ) ﺕ (365
ﻦﻳﺬﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﺍ ﻲﻜﺒﺴﻟﺍ
ﻞﻴﳌﺎﺑ ﱃﺇ ﻝﺍﺰﺘﻋﻻﺍ
، ﻻﻭ 3
ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺎﻤﳍﻮﺧﺩ ﻪﻴﻓ
ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ
،ﹰﺎﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﱪﳋﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺗﺍﺫ ﲑﺸﻳ ﱃﺇ ﻖﻓﺃ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺕﺭﻭﺎﲡ ﻪﻴﻓ
ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ
ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺷﺃ ﻊﻣ
ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺰﺘﻌﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﰲ ﻠﻋ ﻢ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ
،ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃﻭ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
ﲔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﺠﻬﻨﻣ ﺎ
ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻨﺳﻭ
ﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺎ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ
ﺢﻣﻼﻣ ﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌ ﱄﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﲔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﳘﻼﻛ ﻦﺑﻻ ﻙﺭﻮﻓ :
1
-
ﺩﺮﳎ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ
ﰊﺃ ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
ﺍﺬﻫﻭ : ﺏﺎﺘﻛ - ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ
ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﱪﻛﻷﺍ ﺩ . ﺪﲪﺃ ﺐﻴﻄﻟﺍ :
"
ﻥﺇﻭ ﱂ ﻦﻜﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ
ﻭﺃ ﺎﳑ ﻪﺒﺘﻛ ﻭﺃ ﻼﻣﺃ ﻩ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻻﺇ ﺃ ﻪﻧ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ
ﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﺍ
ﻣﺎﻫ ﺎ ﻓﻷ ﺭﺎﻜ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺁﻭ
ﺕﻼﻴﺼﻔﺗﻭ
،ﻪﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﺑ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﺪﳉﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ
...
ﻊﺒﻨﺗﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ
ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻪﻔﺻﻮﺑ
ﺍﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﹰﻼﻴﺻﺃ ﺀﺍﺭﻵ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ
،ﱂﺎﺳ 1
ﻦﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ،
ﺎ ﻱﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎ ﱴﺣ ﺔﻟﺰﻌﺘﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺳ )
ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
(1979
ﺹ ، .336
ﺮﻛﺎﺴﻋ ﻦﺑﺍ 2
ﲔﻴﺒﺗ، ،ﻱﺮﺘﻔﳌﺍ ﺏﺬﻛ ﺹ
-46
.47
،ﰲﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺗ ،ﻲﻜﺒﺴﻟﺍ 3
ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺪﺒﻋﻭ ﻲﺣﺎﻨﻄﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺩﻮﻤﳏ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ،
ﻮﻠﳊﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻟﺍ )
ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﻁ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﺇ ﺭﺍﺩ ،1
/1383
(1964
ﺝ ، ﺹ ،3 -201
) .202
ﻲﻜﺒﺴﻟﺍﻭ
،ﺮﻛﺎﺴﻋ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻘﻨﻳ ﻱﺮﺘﻔﳌﺍ ﺏﺬﻛ ﲔﻴﺒﺗ
، ﺹ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ،183
.(
- ﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﳑ - ﻦﺑﺍ ﻙﺭﻮﻓ ﺬﺧﺄﻳ ﰲ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺬﻨﻣ ﻝﻭﺃ ﺮﻄﺳ ﰲ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﻪﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻲﻫ
ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻮﺻﺃ ﻝ ﺐﻫﺬﻣ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﰲ
ﻩﺬﻫ
،ﺚﺣﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺪﻗﻭ
ﺬﺧﺃ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻙﺭﻮﻓ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ
ﺞﻬﻨﲟ ﻰﻤﻠﻋ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﺺﺨﻠﺘﻳ ﰲ
ﻞﻘﻧ ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ
ﰲ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ
ﻪﻟﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ
،ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﺎﻣﺃ
ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ ﻻ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺺﻧ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ﻁﺮﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻪﻣﻼﻛ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﺐﻫﺬﻣ
،ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﺑ ﺇ ﻪﻧ ﺬﺧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻘﺗﺎﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺰﻴﳝ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﻉﻮﻄﻘﳌﺍ
ﺎ
ﰲ ﺐﻫﺬﻣ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ
،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﺃﻭ ﲑﺸﻳ ﰲ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﱃﺇ
ﺎﻣ
ﻮﻫ ﱃﻭﺃ ﻪﺒﻫﺬﲟ ﻖﻴﻟﺃﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﻴﻓ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ."
1
ﺺﻨﻟﺎﻓ ﺇ ﻥﺫ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﻛ ﻞﻫﺃ
،ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺞﻳﺮﲣﻭ
ﻉﻭﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻬﻘﻓ ﻲ ﻪﻜﻠﺳ ﻡﻼﻋﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﻔﻨﺻﻭ
،ﻪﻴﻓ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻞﺋﺍﻭﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻨﺻ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ
ﱏﺎﳒﺰﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺞﻳﺮﲣ ﻉﻭﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ .
2
ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ -
ﰲ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ :
ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺗ ﻜ ﻦﻤ ﻪﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﰲ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ ﻝﻭﺃ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﲏﺳ ﰲ
ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍﻭ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍﻭ
ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌ ﰲ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ
ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ . ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﻪﻘﻘﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﱏﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ
" : ﺎﻤﻛ ﻆﺣﻼﻳ ﻥﺃ
ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻳ ﺍ ﺎﹰﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭ ﺎﹰﻘﻴﺛﻭ
ﻡﺎﺴﻗﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ
ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﺑ
،ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒﻓ ﻢﺳﺍﻮﻗ
،ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﲞﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻟﺍ
،ﻑﺪﳍﺍﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻓ
ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻑﺪﻬﻳ
ﱃﺇ ﻞﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ
ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗﻭ
،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻢﻠﻋﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ
ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻑﺪﻬﻳ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺎﺍﺫ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺄﺑ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻘﻧ ﺾﻘﻧﻭ ﺪﺋﺎﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﶈﺍ
ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﺘﻟﺍ
،ﺎﻬﺘﻋﺎﺷﺇﻭ ﻦﻟﻭ
ﻰﺗﺄﺘﻳ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻻﺇ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﻣﺍﻭﻸﻟ
ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ . ﻦﻣﻭ ﻞﻬﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﺭﺪﻳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻨﺛﺭﺇ ﻲﻣﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ
ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﲔﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ."
ﻢﻫﺃﻭ ﺎﻣ ﰲ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺺﻨﻟﺍ
،ﻖﻘﶈﺍ ﻖﺤﻠﳌﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺃ ﻘﻘﳏ ﻪ ﰲ ﺡﺮﺷ
ﺾﻌﺑ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ
ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍﻭ ﺍ
ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟ
ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻪﻳﺪﻟ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻃﻮﻄﳐ
ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﻥﺁﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﱘﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﰊﻷ ﺮﻜﺑ ﻦﺑ ﻙﺭﻮﻓ .
ﻭ ﹰﻼﻀﻓ ﻦﻋ ﻦﻳﺬﻫ ﻦﻳﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ
،ﲔﻤﻬﳌﺍ ﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟ
ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺇ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺿ ﻝﻭﺎﳓ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ
،ﺐﻴﻄﻟﺍ1
"
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻝﺪﳉﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺲﺳﺃ
"
، ﺹ
-225
.226
ﺭﺪﻗ ﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍﻭ
ﱐﻼﻗﺎﺒﻠﻟ
، ﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﺑﻻ
،ﺹﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﳘﲑﻏﻭ
ﻦﻣ
ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﱴﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺗ ﺽ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ
.ﺃ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ
-
ﻰﻫﻭ ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ
،ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭﻭ ﰲ ﺍ
،ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻ
،ﺰﺟﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇﻭ
ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ - ﺎﻬﻠﻜﻓ
،ﺓﺩﻮﻘﻔﻣ ﻻﻭ
ﻑﺮﻌﻧ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻻﺇ ﺀﺎﲰﺃ ﺎﻫ
، ﺎﻣﻭ ﻒﻄﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃﻭ - ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﰲ
ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺓﺮﺧﺄﺘﳌﺍ
- ﳛ ﺝﺎﺘ ﱃﺇ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ .
ﹰﻻﻭﹶﺃ : ﻣ ﺕﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨ ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺮﺿ
:
ﰲ ﺩﺮﳎ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﻰﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﺎﻫﺫﺎﲣﺍ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﻕﻼﻄﻧﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﺢﻣﻼﻣ
ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﱄﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ
،ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ
ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺪﻘﻧ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ
ﰲ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ
ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﲏﺴﻟﺍ . ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻙﺭﻮﻓ ﻦﻋ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ
" : ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ﺐﻫﺬﻳ ﰲ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ
ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻣ ﺐﻫﺫ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺃ ﻥﺁﺮﻘﻟﺍ ."
ﻲﻫﻭ 1
ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ
ﰲ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﺣﻭﺮﻃﺃ ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ
ﻝﻮﺣ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻢﻠﻌﻟ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ .
ﺃﻭ ﻔﺘﻛ ﻲ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻃﺄﺑ ﻞﺋﺍﻭ
ﻕﻼﺣ ﰲ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ
"
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ
ﰲ ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﲏﺴﻟﺍ "
ﺚﻴﺣ ﺐﻫﺫ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺻ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﻟ
ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻛ ﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟ ﺶﻴﻤﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
ﻖﳊ ﺍﺬ
ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ
ﻝﻼﺧ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ
،ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﻯﺮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺘﺤﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ
ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻠﻟ ﰲ
ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ
ﻪﻔﺻﻮﺑ ﺲﺳﺆﻣ ﻢﻠﻋ
ﻝﻮﺻﺃ
،ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﲝ ﺭﺎﺻ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﻳ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻧﺃ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﻄﻳ ﳌﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮ ﺐﺴﺤﻓ
ﻞﺑ ﻪﻔﺻﻮﺑ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺝﺫﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﻝﻭﺎﺣ
ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﺃﻭ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻘﺣﻼﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻫﺎﺟ
ﻥﺃ ﺍﻮﻔﺘﻘﻳ
،ﻩﺮﺛﺃ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ
ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﲑﻏ
ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ
،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻯﺮﻳ
ﻕﻼﺣ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ
ﺪﻗ ﺕﺮﻬﻇﺃ ﺃ ﻥ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻩﺬﻫ
ﺮﻜﺑ ﻮﺑﺃ ،ﻙﺭﻮﻓ ﻦﺑﺍ 1
،ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﰊﺃ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺮﳎ
ﻪﻳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺟ ﻝﺎﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ،
) ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﺭﺍﺩ ﻕﺮﺸﳌﺍ : (1987
ﺹ ، .193
ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﱂ
ﺪﺟﻮﺗ
،ﻂﻗ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ
ﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻷ
ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﳕﺇ ﻲﻫ
ﻉﺍﺮﺘﺧﺍ ﺮﺧﺄﺘﻣ
. 1
ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﻴﻀﻗ ﺎﳘﺭﺎﺛﺃ
ﻕﻼﺣ ﺎﳘ ﺩﺎﻤﻋ ﺃ ﻪﺘﺣﻭﺮﻃ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ
، ﺎﳘﻭ ﺔﺟﺎﲝ
ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗﻭ .
ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ
ﻦﻣ : ﺔﻳﻭﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﱂ
ﺩﺪﳛ ﻞﺋﺍﻭ ﻕﻼﺣ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺐﺋﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺒﳌﺍ ﺚﺣﺎ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ
ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ
،ﻱﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ
ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﰲﻮﺗ ﰲ ﻪﻴﻨﺳ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ
ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍﺎﺑﻭ
ﻡﺎﻋ ﻫ204
. ﺎﹰﻘﺒﻃﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺓﺎﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻦﻣ ﻩﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻲﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﱪﺘﻋﺍ
ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ
،ﻯﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﻝﻼﺧﻭ
ﲔﻧﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺮﻬﻇ ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻛ
ﺓﲑﺜ ﰲ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ
ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺮﻘﻟﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ
ﺎﻫﺎﻧﺪﻘﻓﻭ ﰲ
ﻥﻭﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻢﻠﻓ
ﻞﺼﺗ
،ﺎﻨﻴﻟﺇ ﺐﺴﺣﻭ ﺎﻣ
ﻩﺮﻛﺫ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺏﺎﻫﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻮﺑﺃ
ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﰲ
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺪﺋﺍﺮﻟﺍ
"
ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﱃﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﲢ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻧ
"
ﺪﻘﻓ 2
ﺪﻬﺷ ﻊﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﺃ
ﻑﺎﻨﺣﻸﻟ ﺔﻟﺰﺘﻌﳌﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ
ﺐﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ
،ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﱪﺧﻭ
،ﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﺍﻭ
ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﺑﻻ ﻪﻗﺪﺻ ﻰﻔﻨﳊﺍ ) ﺕ ﻫ221
.(
ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ
"
ﺖﻜﻨﻟﺍ "
ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﻹ ﻦﺑ
ﺭﺎﻴﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ) ﺕ ﻫ211
( ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻰﻔﻧ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﺣ ﻉﺎﲨﻹﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ
ﻦﻣ
ﻡﻼﻋﺃ ﻝﺍﺰﺘﻋﻻﺍ
، 3
ﺏﺎﺘﻛﻭ ﰲ
ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻓ ﻡﺎﻣﺇ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﻎﺒﺻﻹ ﻦﺑ ﺝﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺼﳌﺍ ) ﺕ
ﻫ225
.(
ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻦﻣ
ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﻡﺎﻣﻹ ﺐﻫﺬﳌﺍ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ
ﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﻦﺑ
ﻲﻠﻋ ) ﺕ ﻫ270
( ﻪﻨﺑﻻﻭ ﻒﻠﺧ ) ﺕ ﻫ297
( ﺏﺎﺘﻛ
"
ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ
ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ."
4
ﺮﻈﻧﺍ 1
: ،ﻞﺋﺍﻭ ،ﻕﻼﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ،ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
،ﲏﺴﻟﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻲﻠﺻﻮﻣ ﺪﲪﺃ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ
) ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﻁ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،1
.(2007
،ﺏﺎﻫﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻮﺑﺃ 2
ﱃﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﲢ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻧ
) ﺓﺪﺟ : ﻁ ،ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،1
(1983
ﺹ ، ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﻭ 99
.
ﻲﻄﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﻟﻻﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ 3
- ﻭ ﻮﻫ ﺃ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﱪﻛ ﲔﻳﺮﺼﳌﺍ
- ﻦﺠﺳ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣ
ﺔﻨﺳ ﻖﺛﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻫ231
ﻥﺁﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﺧ ﺔﻨﳏ ﰲ
، ﱄﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﰊﺃ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺮﻣﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ ﹰﻼﺋﺎﻗ ﻪﺒﻴﳛ ﻪﻧﺃ ﰉﺄﻓ ﻲﻄﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺤﺘﻣﺎﺑ ﺮﺼﻣ
" : ﻪﻧﺇ
"
ﰊ ﻱﺪﺘﻘﻳ ﻒﻟﺃ ﺔﺋﺎﻣ
"،
،ﻲﻜﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ
ﺝ ، ﺹ ،2
.164
،ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻮﺑﺃ4
ﱃﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ
، ﺹ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﻭ 99
ﻖﺋﺍﺮﻃﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ
ﻰﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﰲ
ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍﻭ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻨﻠﻌﲡ
ﺏﺮﻗﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺳﺍ
ﺔﻌﻴﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ
ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﻷﺍ
،ﻡﻼﻋ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺍﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﻞﻣ ﺀ ﻊﻤﺴﻟﺍ
،ﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺖﻧﺎﻛﻭ
ﻢﻫﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ
ﻢﻬﺒﻫﺍﺬﻣﻭ ﺢﻗﻼﺘﺗ
ﻭ ﻰﻗﻼﺘﺗ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﺘﺗﻭ .
ﺭﻮﻀﺣﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ
ﰲ ﻢﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺭﺍﻮﺣﻭ
ﺍ ﻢ
ﻮﻫ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ
ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ . ﺲﻴﻟﻭ ﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟ ﻚﺷ ﰲ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﺑ
ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﹰﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ
ﺴﻳﺭﺪﺗﻭ ﺎ،
ﻮﻫﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻡﻼﻋﺃ ﲔﻧﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺍﻭﺃﻭ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ
،ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﻷﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻳ ﻦﻣ
،ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻼﻓ
ﺑ ﺪ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻷﺍ ﺷ ﺮﻌ ﻱ ﺪﻗ ﻒﻜﻋ -
ﱴﺣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﰲ ﺏﺎﺣﺭ ﺋﺎﺒﳉﺍ ﻲ - ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﺑ
ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻞﻤﳎ ﺃ ﻪﻟﺎﻤﻋ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ
"
ﻝﺎﻄﺑﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﺤﺘﺳﻻﺍ
"
ﻞﺒﻗ 1
ﻥﺃ ﺐﻫﺬﻳ ﰲ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻣ
ﺐﻫﺫ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻙﺭﻮﻓ ﰲ ﺩﺮﳎ ﻪﺗﻻﺎﻘﻣ . 2
ﻭ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ
ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣﻭ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ
ﰲ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﰲﺮﻌﳌﺍ
ﺐﻫﺬﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ
، ﺪﻬﻣ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﻻ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ
ﲔﻤﻜﺘﳌﺍ ﰲ
ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﻦﻣ
،ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ
ﺲﺳﺃﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﻟ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻪﺒﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺔﻳﺪﲜ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﱴﺣ
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻥﺃ
ﺭﺩﺎﻐﻳ ﺕﻻﻮﻘﻣ ﻝﺍﺰﺘﻋﻻﺍ
. ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﻥﺈﻓ
ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﺷ
ﺩﻭﺩﺭ ﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻝﺎﺜﻣﺃ ﺩﺎﲪ ﻦﺑ ﺇ ﺤﺳ ﺎ ﻕ ﺩﺍﺪﻐﺒﻟﺍ ﻱ ) ﺕ ﻫ(269
ﻪﻟﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻋﺎﲰﺇﻭ
ﻦﺑ ﺇ ﻕﺎﺤﺳ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ) ﺕ ﻫ(284
ﻪﻟﻭ ﺗﺂ ﻒﻴﻟ ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ
،
ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻟﺎﺑ
،ﻥﺁﺮﻘ ﺏﺎﺘﻛﻭ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻗ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻪﻠﻌﻟ ﻝﻭﺃ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﲢ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ .
ﻚﺷﻻﻭ ﻥﺃ
ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺎﺑ
ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﺪﺟﻭﺃ
ﺑﺭﺎﻘﺗ ﺎ ﰲ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻤﻮﻛ
ﻌﻣ ﺎ ﻥﺎﻔﻨﺼﻳ ﰲ
ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
،ﲔﻤﻜﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺃﻭ
ﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ
ﻝﻮﺣ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻝﻮﺧﺩ ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﱃﺇ
،ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﲑﺛﺄﺗﻭ
ﰲ ﻝﺎﳎ ﲎﻤﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃﻭ
ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ 1
ﺑ ﲔ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﻠﲣ ﻲﻋﺍﻮﻃ
ﻋ ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﻫﺬﻣ ﻦ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻠﻟ ﻩﺩﺭﻭ
.
،ﻙﺭﻮﻓ ﻦﺑﺍ 2
ﻱﺮﻌﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﺴﳊﺍ ﰊﺃ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺮﳎ ﺹ ،
.193
