by:
Dato' Ir. Hanapi bin Mohamad Noor
Director River Basin Management Division, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia
4th March 2015
CONTENTS
2
• Introduction
• Issues and Problems
• The Way Forward
• Conclusion
3
INTRODUCTION
Surface Runoff 494 bill. m3
(50.9%) Groundwater
64 bill. m3 (6.6%)
Evapo- transpiration 413 bill. m3
(42.5%) Annual Rainfall
2940 mm (971 billion m3)
Based on Review of National Water Resource Study 2000-2050
Water Resources In Malaysia
RIVERS – A PRECIOUS GIFT FROM GOD
Sustainability of River Basins
is important and crucial
Beautiful River
Melaka River
Tekala River, Ulu Langat Sarawak River
7
Beautiful River
Pahang River
8
Beautiful River
9
Beginning of Civilisation
Kuala Lumpur
Water Supply/Hydro power
Agriculture
Business Focal point
River Function
Benefit to people living near river
Aquaculture
Transportation Culture
River Function
Religion
RIVERS provide
MAIN WATER SOURCE
for 97 % of Water Supply for
Domestic,
Industrial and
Agriculture
IRBM
I N T R O D U C T
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Defined as :
the process of coordinating conservation, management and development of water, land and related resources across sectors within a
given river basin, in order to maximize the economic and social benefits derived from water resources in an equitable manner while
preserving and, where necessary, restoring freshwater ecosystems.
(Adapted from Integrated Water Resources Management, Global Water Partnership Technical, Advisory Committee Background Papers, No. 4, 2000.)
Integrated River Basin Management
I N T R O D U C T
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IRBM COMPONENTS (8 components )
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RIVER BASIN
I N T R O D U C T
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River Basin In Malaysia
Area No.
Main River Basin (>80km
2) Peninsular
Malaysia
1,235 74
Sabah 1,468 75
Sarawak 283 40
Total 2,986 189
I N T R O D U C T
I
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ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
Beginilah keadaan di Tanah Tinggi Lojing yang kelihatan hampir gondol akibat pembalakan haram dan penerokaan untuk tujuan pertanian ketika tinjauan Utusan Malaysia pada akhir November 2014. – UTUSAN
IRBM ISSUES
Lojing, Kelantan
Bertam Valley, Cameron Highland, Pahang
(2014 Mud Flooding)
The floods in December 2014 and January 2015 in Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Johor, Sabah and Sarawak resulted in devastating damages forcing about 400,000 people to be evacuated. Thus, the Prime Minister has to convene a special Parliamentary Session on 20th January 2015 to approve a special budget allocation of RM893 million for flood mitigation works, RM800 million as initial allocation to repair and reconstruct basic infrastructure like schools, hospitals, roads and bridges, RM500 million rehabilitation works and welfare programmes and RM500 million for flood relief loan Guarantee Scheme.
DID rainfall record shows that for the upper reaches of Sg Kelantan,
Sg Pahang and Sg Perak the rainfall exceeded 100-years return
period. The Gunung Gagau Rainfall Station at Gua Musang has
recorded a total of 1,898 mm of rainfall in 10 days during the
December 2014 flood which was equivalent to 2.7 times the average
monthly rainfall for December.
Potable water shortages occuring in 2014 and 2015 in several states has led to water rationing. The affected states are Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Johor, Perak and KL. The cause of the water shortage in the Klang Valley was due to the insufficient water resources in the Sg. Selangor Reservoir which is the raw water source for the potable water supply for more than 60% of the populated areas in Selangor, KL and Putrajaya.
Recurring crisis of water shortages due to long dry spell – (Left)
Water shortages in Rembau and Tampin, Negri Sembilan, Jan 2015, (Right) Water crisis in Selangor in August 2014
I S S U E S
A N D
P R O B L E M S
POLLUTION
SOLID WASTE
I S S U E S
A N D
P
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S
THE WAY FORWARD
IRBM Implementation Road Map
Environmental Sustainability Economic
Efficiency Equity
Institutional Framework
Central – Local
River Basin
Public – Private Management
Instruments
Assessment
Information
Allocation
Instruments
Enabling Environment
Policies
Legislation
Balance ‘water for livelihood and water as a resource’
Enabling Environment
OPP3 (2001-2010) & 8th MP (2001-2005) Policy Statements on IRBM
National Water Resources Policy (2012)
MSAN directives on IRBM
Legislation of National Waters Act, rules, regulations and guidelines (Target Year 2016?)
Contemporary State Water
Enactments and related Regulations and guidelines (Timeline by States?)
Delineation and gazetting of river basins, water catchments and river reserves, water bodies and flood corridors by States (Timeline?)
IRBM Sub-sets (ILBM, IUWRM, IASM, ICM, ICZM)
WSIA 2006, MASMA 2001 and integration with other laws
pertaining to resources management
International Cooperation with linkages to UN-Water, WWC, GWP, ESCAP, NARBO, IWMI, ILEC, IWA, etc
IRBM General Framework
Balancing River Basin development goals Milestones
IRBM Implementation Road Map
IRBM General Framework
Milestones Balancing River Basin development goals
Environmental Sustainability Economic
Efficiency Equity
Institutional Framework
Central – Local
River Basin
Public – Private Management
Instruments
Assessment
Information
Allocation
Instruments
Enabling Environment
Policies
Legislation
Balance ‘water for livelihood and water as a resource’
Institutional Framework
Formation of Majlis Sumber Air Negara (MSAN) (1998)
Cabinet Reshuffle and creation of NRE Ministry to ensure separation of powers for resource
management from resource users (2004)
National Water Resources Department integrating both
surface and groundwater (2015/2016
?)
Establishment of State WMAs (Timeline by States?)
Establishment of multi-
stakeholder RBOs (Timeline ?)
IRBM Implementation Road Map
IRBM General Framework
Milestones Balancing River Basin development goals
Environmental Sustainability Economic
Efficiency Equity
Institutional Framework
Central – Local
River Basin
Public – Private Management
Instruments
Assessment
Information
Allocation
Instruments
Enabling Environment
Policies
Legislation
Balance ‘water for livelihood and water as a resource’
Management Instruments
NWRS 2011
Water Resource Assessment and
Monitoring – National River Register and RB-IMUs (Timeline for 189 RBs ?)
River Basin and Land Use Planning – IRBM Plans for 189 RBs (Timeline ?)
“One State, One River” Implementation Plan
Klang River RoL Project 2012
Flood Management Plan (IFM approach)
Drought Management Plan
Pollution Control Plan from point and non-point sources
Financial instruments
R&D pertaining to IRBM focusing on a selected representative RB (RoL Project ?)
Multi-stake-holder Advocacy, Awareness and Capacity Building Programs
THE WAY FORWARD – PROPOSED STRATEGY IN IWRM
1. Policy
a) Implementation of NWR Policy at state-level
b) Development of Federal/State level partnerships to implement NWR Policy
2. Legislation
a) Official enactment of the National Water Resources (NWR) Law
b) Official adoption of the NWR Law by state legislature and subsequent enactment of complementary SWRE
3. Institution
a) New Federal institutional structure for water governance
b) Creation of a National Water Resources Management Department (NWRD)
4. Financing
a) Financing model for water resources management by the states b) Pricing model for water resources
c) Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)
5. Water Assessment and Allocation
(a)Need for a systematic program of assessment of water resources by river basins and aquifers
(b)Water allocation in a river basin shall be guided by a developed IRBM plan
6. Pollution Control
(a) Control of pollution from all sources :
sewage effluents
SME Manufacturing industries
Sullage (Grey-Water)
livestock farming and aquaculture
non-sanitary landfill & open dumps
sedimentation and siltation
b) Need for review of effluent discharge standards
c) Need to develop specific river pollution loading capacity standards
7. Flood Management
a) Increased incidences and cost of flood damages – Implement IFM approach b) Uncontrolled development in flood prone areas – To legislate and define
designated flood protection zones
8. Drought Management
a) Management of dry spell (drought-like) conditions in a river basin b) Reprioritize water allocation in times of drought-like conditions
c) Development of a climate change mitigation and adaptation plan for drought-like conditions
9. River Basin and Land Use Planning
a) Land use control at the local authority level is not guided by a river basin plan – To develop IRBM Plans for all river basins in the country
10. River Basin Information System and R&D on IRBM
a) Set-up River Basin Information Management Unit (RB-IMU) to produce and disseminate information products
b) R&D on IRBM and a Pilot Project on IRBM
11. Stakeholder Participation
a) Need to get more public participation in river basin management –to implement more IWRM awareness programs and additional funding support to complement the IRBM capacity building efforts of other organisations
• Problems related to rivers, water and environment are expected to intensify
• IRBM as a subset of IWRM is vital in ensuring water security and sustainable development
• Conducive enabling environment, effective Institutional Framework and efficient
Management Instruments are essential to ensure success in IRBM Implementation
• Need for continuous participation and support from all stakeholders
CONCLUSION
THANK YOU
