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ACCIDENT IMPACTS ON EXPRESS BUS * EKSPRES NASZONAL BERHAD

A GRADUATION EXERCISE SUBMITTED AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE

ADVANCED DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATTON

<TRANSPORT)

BY

ALIMI BIN IBRAHIM 84341629

ADVANCED DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (TRANSPORT)

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT MARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SHAH ALAM

MAY 1988

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Abstract.

The idea to indite a thesis on accidents stemmed from a curiousity, not so much of the occurances but as to why they happened. This curiousity raises further interrogative statements of what are the impacts, consequences and remedies to avoid them.

With the objectives of unravelling these queries that the writer undertook an exploratory research utilising the basic modes of personal interview using a designed questionaires and observations. The findings on hypotheses are appended in this thesis.

The transportation industry with its varied players and actor is a highly complex one and supplements the overall growth of the nation's economic and social sectors. ENB's, is a long time player and presently takes pride in being the largest express bus operator in the country.

The link of accidents in the industry has a direct relationship with the number of vehicles in existence. Goad transportation has more than

k

million vehicles registered ane( is increasing including express buses. The accident rate trend of this sector has never been one that country can be proud of.

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The research tested on *+ hypotheses

a. The human errors are the major contributing factor to the high rate of accidents.

b. The training program can assist in reducing accident rate.

c. Mechanical fault of buses is one of the contributary factor of accidents.

d. Local enviroment (weather road condition) that contributes to the accident.

A total of 108 respondents answered queries and analysis of findings revealed the following:-

a. Human error is the major causes of accident at ENB

b. Other causes are third party, mechanical fault and enviroment.

The impacts and costs of accidents are plentiful. While impacts are generally negative in nature, the cost incurred by many parties either quantitative or qualitative ones.

The thesis concluded with the following recommendations:- a. Strict implementation of headlight switch on.

b. Positive reinforcement.

c. Incentive schemes.

d. Better implementation of unscheduled assignment e. Begular spot check.

f. Internal public notification of cost be made to public.

g. Retraining programs.

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Abstract i

Acknowledgement iii

List of tables v

List of figures vii

List of diagrams vii

List of abbreviations viii

Table of contents ix

Chapter One

1.0. Introduction 1

1.1. Express buses 3

1.2. Law governing operations 5

3.3* Ekspres Nasional Berhad (ENB) 6

1.4. Organisation structure 8

1.5* Achievement of ENB 10

1.6. Express routes 11

1.7. Size of fleet 13

Chapter Two

2.0. Introduction 15

2.1. Governing bodies 16

2.1.1. Ministry of Transport 16 2.1.2. Ministry of Public Works 16 2.1.3. Ministry of Home Affairs 18 2.1.4. Ministry of Public Enterprise 19

Table of Contents. page

ix

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2.2. Analysis of traffic accident in Malaysia 20

2.2.1. Vehicle ownership 20

2.2.2. Public transportation 21

2.2.3. ENB 22

2.3. Main causes of accidents 23

2.3*1. Human factors 23

2.3.2. Vehicle faults 23

2.3*3. Road conditions 24

2.3.4. Enviroment 24

2.4. Importance and rationale of study 24

Chapter Three

3*0. Methodology 30

3.1. Secondary data 30

3.1.1. ENB Monthly reports 30

3.1.2. Pamphlets 30

3.1.3. Royal Malaysia Police Report 1986 31

3.1.4. Newspaper cutting 31

3.1.5. Transportation texts 31

3.2. Primary research 32

3-2.1. Prerequisites 32

3.2.2. Primary research instruments 33 3.2.2.1. Personal interview 33

3 » 2.2.2. Observation 34

3*2.2.3* Questionaire 35

3.3. Sample design 36

3.4. The questions 37

3-5. The survey 40

3*5.1. Pilot test 40

3-5*2. The actual survey 40

3.6. Limitations

X

41

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