• Tiada Hasil Ditemukan

Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching"

Copied!
23
0
0

Tekspenuh

(1)

REFERENCE

Abduallah, Coskun, 2011. Investigation of the application of communicative language teaching in the English Language Classroom- A Case Study on Teachers' Attitudes in Turkey. Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching. Volume 2 (2011) issue 1.

Abushafa.M. 2014. Changing Practices in a Developing Country: The Issues of Teaching English in Libyan Higher Education Unpublished PhD Thesis, De Montfort University.

Ahmed Frewan, 2015. An exploration of EFL Teachers' Perceptions of the Teaching of Communication Strategies. PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield.

Ahmad Saeed, 2013. Applying communicative approach in teaching English as a foreign language: a case study of Pakistan. Institute of International & Comparative Education, Northeast Normal University, China Faculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, China ISSN: 1697-7467

Al- Busaidi, S. 2003. Academic needs of EFL learners in the intensive language program me at Sultan Qaboos University. PhD Thesis: University of Illinois at Urbana- In Alabi, M. (2005).

Aldabbus, S. 2008. An investigation into the impact of language games on classroom interaction and pupil learning in Libyan EFL primary classrooms. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Newcastle University.

Alfassi, M, 2004. Reading to learn: Effects of combined strategy instruction on high school students. Journal of Education Research, 97(4), 171- 184.

Alhmali, R. 2007. Student attitudes in the context of the curriculum in Libyan education in middle and high schools. PhD thesis. University of Glasgow.

Al-Hazmi, S., 2003. EFL teacher programs in Saudi Arabia. TESOL Quarterly, 37 (2), p. 341-344.

Anderson, N. J. 1999. Exploring second language reading: Issues and strategies.

Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.

Anderson- Inman, l. & Horney, M.1997. Computer- based concept mapping: enhancing literacy with tools for visual thinking. Journal of adolescent and adult literacy 40(4):302-401.

Anderson, R. C., & Freebody, P. 1981. Vocabulary knowledge. In J. T. Guthrie

(Ed.), Comprehension and teaching: Research reviews (pp. 77–117). Newark DE:

International Reading Association

Akle, F. 2005. An evaluation of English language secondary school teachers

(2)

qualifications in Shabiat Sahl Jfara. MA thesis. Department of Graduate Studies. Al- Fath University. Triploi-Libya.

Ali, M. 2008. The oral error correction techniques used by Libyan secondary teachers of English. PhD thesis. University of Sunderland and feedback. Learning and Instruction, 18, p. 238-250.

Almoghani, M. 2003. Students' perceptions of motivation in English language teaching in Libya. Unpublished PhD, University of Durham

Al-Nouh, N., 2008. Are Kuwaiti primary EFL teachers’ implementation a CLT based learner- centered methods in their classrooms. PhD thesis. New Castle university.

Allmark. P.2000. The ethic of research with children Nurse Research Journal 10(2):465-483.

Altaieb, S. 2013. Teachers’ Perception of the English language Curriculum in Libyan Public Schools: An investigation and assessment of implementation process of English curriculum in Libyan public high schools. PhD thesis.

Altrichter, H. 2005. Curriculum Implementation–Limiting and Facilitating Factors.

Context based learning of science. Waxmann: Munster, 35-62.

Alverman, D.E., Phelps, S.F., & Ridgeway, V.G. 2007. Content area reading and literacy (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.

Alyousef, S. 2006. Teaching reading comprehension to ESL/EFL Learners. Journal of language learning5(1):63-73.

Asker, A. 2011. Future Self-Guides and Language Learning Engagement of English- Major Secondary School Students in Libya: Understanding the Interplay between Possible Selves and the L2 learning Situation. Unpublished PhD Thesis: University of Birmingham.

Aqel, f. 2006 "Using the mother tongue (Arabic language") in EFL Journal of Educational Sciences University of Qatar 3.53.

Awad, M.S.Y. 2012. "Role of Motivation and Attitude in Introduction and Learning of English as a Foreign Language in Libyan High Schools". Vol. 4, No. 2 International Journal of Linguistics.

Arıoğul, S. 2007. Understanding foreign language teachers’ practical knowledge:

what’s the role of prior language learning experience? Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 3, 1, pp. 1-14.

Baron, J., 1998. Using learner-centered assessment on a large scale. In N. Lambert &

L. McCombs, eds. How Students Learn. Reforming Schools through Learner -Centered Education. Washington: American psychological Association. Chapter 9, p. 211-240.

(3)

Bell, J.,2005. Doing your research project. A guide for first researchers in education, health and social science. 4th. Ed. Berkshire: Open University Press.

Berg, B., 2009. Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. 7th ed. Boston- New York- San Francisco: Allyn & Bacon.

Berado, S.A. 2006.The use of authentic materials in the teaching of reading. The reading Materi 6(2):60-69.

Borg, S. 1998a. "Talking about grammar in the foreign language classroom. Language Awareness", 7, 4, pp. 159-175.

Borg, S. 2003a. Teacher cognition in language teaching: a review of research on what language teachers think, know, believe, and do. Language Teaching, 36, 2, pp. 81-109.

Borg, S., & Al-Busaidi, S. 2012. "Learner autonomy: English language teachers’

beliefs and practices". ELT Journal, 12(7), 1-45.

Blake, N., 1995. Ideal speech conditions, modern discourse and education. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 29 (3), p.355-367.

Braze, D., Tabor, W., Shankweiler, D. P., & Mencl, W. E. 2007. Speaking up for vocabulary: Reading skill differences in young adults. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40, 226–43

Brandt, C., 2006. Allowing for practice: a critical issue in TESOL teacher preparation TESOL Quarterly, 60 (4), p.355-363.

Brannen, J. 1992. Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches: an overview. In Brannen, J. (ed) Mixing Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Research. Aldershot:

Avebury.

Brannen, J. Heptinstall, E. and Bhopal, K. 2000. Connecting Children: Care and Family Life in Later Childhood. London: Routledge.332.

Breen M., B. Hird, O. Milton, & A. Thwaite. 2001. Making sense of language teaching:

teachers’ principles and classroom practices, Applied Linguistics, 22, 470–501.

Brown, T. A. 2006. “Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research”. New York:

Guilford Press. book, first Edition, p:166.

Brown, H. D. 2007. Principles of language learning and teaching. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.

Brown, H. D. 2001. Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman.

(4)

Brodsky, A. 2008. The sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Field notes.

In L. Given (Ed.). (pp.342-344). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Brush, T. & Saye, J. 2000. Implementation and evaluation of a student-centred learning unit: a case study. ETR & D, 48 (3), p. 79-100.

Burns, R. B. 2000. Introduction to research methods. London: Sage.

Burgess, J & Spencer, S. 2000. Phonology and pronunciation in integrated language teaching. System, 28(2), 191-215.

Burnaby, B., & Sun, Y. 1989. Chinese teachers’ views of western language teaching:

context informs paradigms. TESOL Quarterly, 23 (2), p.219-238.

Butler, Y., 2005. Comparative perspectives towards communicative activities among elementary school teachers in South Korean, Japan and Taiwan. Language Teaching Research, 9 (4), p. 423-446.

Carless, D., 2004. Issues in teachers’ reinterpretation of a task-based innovation in primary schools. TESOL Quarterly, 38 (4), 639-662.

Carless, D., 2003. Factors in the implementation of task-based teaching in primary schools. System, 31, pp: 485-500.

Carless, D. (1999) Perspectives on the Cultural Appropriacy of Hong Kong’s Target- Oriented Curriculum (TOC) Initiative. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 12/3, 238- 254.

Chang, S-C. (2011). ‘A Contrastive Study of Grammar Translation Method and Communicative Approach in Teaching English Grammar’. English Language Teaching, 4: 2

Cheung, A.C.K., & Wong, P.M. (2011). Factors affecting the implementation of curriculum reform in Hong Kong: Key findings from a large-scale survey study.

International Journal of Educational Management, 26(1), 39-54.

Chen, H. C & graves, M.F 1995. Effect of previewing and providing background knowledge on Taiwanese college student's comprehension of American short stories, TESOL Quarterly 29 (4): 663- 686.

Chung, I. F. & Y. C. Huang. (2009). The implementation of communicative language teaching: An investigation of students' viewpoints. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 18.1, 67-78.

Chou, Y. C. (2008). Exploring the reflection of teachers’ beliefs about reading theories and strategies on their classroom practices. Feng Chia Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 16, 183-216.

(5)

Clifton, J., 2006. Facilitator talk. ELT Journal, 60 (2), p. 142-150.

Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K., 2000. Research methods in education. 5th ed London; Routledge

Cohen, L., M anion, L and Morrison, K. 2007. Research methods in education (6th Ed).

Comrey, A. L. & Lee, H. B. 1992. A first course in factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ:

Erlbaum.

Conway, J.M, & Huffcutt, A.I. 2003. A review and evaluation of exploratory factor analysis practice in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 6 (2), 147-168.

Colesca, S. E., & Dobrica, L. (2008). Adoption and Use of E-Government Services:

The Case of Romania. Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 6(3), 204-217.

Coleman, 1996. (Ed), Society and the language classroom. p.p 105-121. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Cotterall, S. 1995. Readiness for autonomy: investigating learner beliefs. System, 2 (2), p. 195-205.

Cornelius-White, J., & Harbaugh, A. 2010. Learner-centred instruction: building relationships for student’s success. USA: SAGE Publication, Int.

Costello, Anna B. & Jason Osborne 2000. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis:

four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, 10(7). Available online:

http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=10&n=7.

Crandall. J. 2000. ' Language teachers’ education'. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 20: 34-55.

Creswell, J., 2008. Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall Creswell, J. W. 2005. Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River. NJ: Pearson Education.

Crystal, D. 2000. “Emerging Englishes”. English Teaching Professional, 14.

(6)

Crystal, D. (1997). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Cuban, L., 1993. How teachers taught: constancy and change in American classrooms 1890-1990. 2nd ed. New York: Teachers College Press, N.Y.

Czaja, R. and Blair J. 1996. Designing surveys: a guide to decisions and procedures.

California, Pine Forge Press.

Day, R.P.2005. Developing reading comprehension questions. Reading in a foreign language 17(1): 60-73.

Deckert, G. 2004. The communicative approach: addressing frequent failure. English teaching, Forum, 42(1).

Denscombe, M. 2005. The Good Research Guide. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. 2003. The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds), Strategies of qualitative inquiry (2nd edition) (pp. 1- 41). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Denzin, N. 1989. The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods.

Desimone, L. M. 2009. Improving impact studies of teachers’ professional development: toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational Researcher 38, 181-199.

Dewey, J., 1910. How we think. Boston & New York & Chicago: D.C. Heath &

Publisher.

Dewey, J., 1916. Democracy and education: an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York: The Macmillan Company.

De Vaus, D.A. 1993. Surveys in Social Research (3rd ed.), London: UCL Press.

DeVries, R., 2000. Piaget, and education: a reciprocal assimilation of theories and educational practices. New Ideas in Psychology, 18, p. 187-213

Dhillon, J. K. 2013. Senior Managers 'Perspectives of Leading and Managing Effective, Sustainable and Successful Partnerships. Educational Management Administration &

Leadership 41(6), pp.736-750.

Doherty, C., & Singh, P. 2005. How the West is done: simulating western pedagogy in a curriculum for Asian international students. In P. Ninnes & M. Hellsten (Eds.), Internationalizing higher education (pp. 53-73). Hong Kong: comparative education research centre, the University of Hong Kong.

(7)

Douglas, S.P. and Craig, C.S. 2007. Collaborative and iterative translation: An alternative approach to back translation, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 30-43.

Duck, N.K, & Person. 2002. Effective practices for developing reading comprehension.

In farstrup, A. E., & Samules, S.J.(ed). What research has to say about reading instruction. Pp, 23-45. San Francisco, CA: Josset-bass.

Easterby-Smith, M.; Thorpe, R. and Lowe, A. 2004. Management Research: An Introduction, London, 2nd Edition, SAGE Publications Ltd.

Elabbar. AA. 2011. An Investigation of Influences Affecting Libyan English as a Foreign Language University Teachers (LEFLUTs), Teaching Approaches in the Language Classrooms. Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Education, University of Glasgow.

Elmadwi, H.M. and Shepherd 2014. A Study of the significance of Using Newspaper as an instrument to develop Reading and Comprehension Skills for Learning of English as a Second Language.

Ellis, R., 2003.Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ellis, G. 1996. “How culturally appropriate is the communicative approach?” in ELT Journal, 50, 3: 213-218.

Eslami, Z. & Fatahi, A., 2008. Teachers’ sense of self-efficacy, English proficiency and instructional strategies: a study of nonnative EFL teachers in Iran”. TESL-EJ. 11(4), p.

1-19.

Ezzy, D. 2002. Qualitative analysis: Practice and innovation. London: Routledge.

Farrell, T. S. C., & Kun, S. T. K. 2008. Language policy, language teachers' beliefs, and classroom practices. Applied Linguistics, 29(3), 381- 403

Freeman, D. 1991. “To make the tacit explicit”: Teacher education, emerging discourse, and conceptions of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 7, pp. 439–

454.

Freeman, D. and K. E. Johnson, 1998. Deconceptualizing the knowledgebase of language teacher education. TESOL Quarterly 32(3), 397-417.

Freeman, L., 2000. Techniques and principles in language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

(8)

Freeman, D. 2002. The hidden side of the work: teacher knowledge and learning to teaching, 35(1), 1-13.

Freire, P., 1972. Pedagogy of the oppressed. London: Sheed & Ward. (Trans. Myra Bergman Ramos). Trans. by: Myra Ramos.

Freire, P., 1985. The politics of education: culture power and liberation. US Macmillan. Trans. by: Henry Giroux.

Freire, P., 1992. Pedagogy of hope: reliving pedagogy of the oppressed. New York Continuum. Trans., by Robert Bar.

Freire, P., 1997. Pedagogy of the heart. New York: The Continuum International Publishing GroupInc. Trans. By: Dolando Macedo & Alexandre Oliveira.

Frisby, C., 1998. Contextual factors influencing the classroom application of learnercentred principles. In N. Lambert & B. McCombs, eds. How Students Learn Washington; American Psychological Association.Ch.3, p.61-79.

Fullan, M. 2001. Leading in a culture of change. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

Galloway, A. 1997. ‘Questionnaire Design & Analysis’. [Online]. Available at:

http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~kate/qmcweb/qcont.htm [Accessed 18 May 2011].

Gadd, N., 1998. Towards less humanistic English teaching. ELT Journal, 52 (3), p 223- 233.

Gamal, G., & Debra, M. 2001. The communicative approach in Egypt: exploring the secrets of Pyramids. TEFL Web Journal, 1(2).63-75.

Gardner, R. 2001. Motivation and second language acquisition. Porta Ling arum, 8, 9- 20.

Gao, L. & Watkins, D., 2002. Conceptions of teaching held by school science teachers in P.R China: Identification and cross-cultural comparisons. International Journal of Science and Education, 24 (1), P. 61-67.

Gay, L. 1992. Educational research. – Competencies for analysis and application (4th ed.). New York: MacMillan.

Gay, L.R. (1996). Educational research: Competence for analysis and application.

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Gay, L. R., & Airasian, P. 2003. Educational research: competencies for analysis and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Genc, B & Bada, E. 2005. "Culture in language learning and teaching", The Reading Matrix, 5, 1. pp. 73-84.

(9)

Ghuma, M.A.Moh. 2011. The Transferability of Reading Strategies between L1 (Arabic) and L2 (English), Durham theses, Durham University.

Ghanem, H. 2006. The teaching of writing in secondary school classroom. The higher academy of Tripoli, Tripoli

Golafshani, N. 2003. “Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research”.

The Qualitative Report, 8:4, pp597-607 [Online]. Available from:

http://www.nova.edu/sss/QR/QR4-3/winter.html (accessed: 23/11/2010).

Golombek, P. (1998). A study of language teachers’ personal practical knowledge.

TESOL Quarterly, 32(3), 447-464.

Gorsuch, G. J. 2000. EFL educational policies and educational cultures: Influences on teacher’s approval of communicative activities. TESOL Quarterly, 34(4), 675-710.

Gray, C., and Kiapper, J. 2009. Key aspects of teaching and learning in languages. In H. Fry, S. ketteridge and S. Marshal (Eds.), A Handbook for teaching and learning in higher education: Enhancing academic practice (3d ed.). New York: Rutledge.

Grabe, W.& Stoller, F.L 2002. Teaching and Reading. London: Longman.

Gray, D. 2005. Doing research in the real world. London, UK: Sage Publications.

Garrett, P. & Shortall, T., 2002. Learners’ evaluation of teacher-fronted and studentcentred classroom activities. Language Teaching Research, 6 (1), p. 25-57.

Guthrie, G. 1990. To the defense of traditional teaching in lesser-developed countries.

In V. Rust & P. Dalin. eds. Teachers and teaching in the developing world. New York

& London: Garland Publishing, INC. chapter 9, p. 219-232.

Habermas, J.,1984. The Theory of Communicative Action. Volume 1: Reasons and the Rationalization of Society. Translated by Thomas McCarthy. Boston : Beacon Press German text: copyright 1981.

Habermas, J., 1987. The Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. (2): Life World and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason. Boston: Beacon Press.

Hartas, D. 2010. Educational Research and Inquiry: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. London: Continuum.

Harmer, J. 1998. How to teach. UK: Longman.

Harmer, J. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching (3rd edt. London:

Longman.

(10)

Harmer, J. 2007. The practice of English Language Teaching. (4th ed). Pearson: Esse.

Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. 2006. Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Upper saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. & Black, W. C. (2006). “Multivariate Data Analysis” (5th ed.), New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.

Hawkey, R., 2006. Teacher and learner perceptions of language learning activity. ELT Journal, 60(3), p. 242-252

Hiep, P. H. 2007. "Communicative language teaching": Unity within diversity. ELT Journal 61 (3), 193-201. Holliday, A., 1994. Appropriate Methodology and Social Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Horwitz, E.K. 1988. The belief about language learning of beginning University foreign language students. The modern Language Journal 72(1)285- 294.

Holliday, A., 1994. Appropriate Methodology and Social Context. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Holliday, A. 2005. The struggle to teach English as an international language. Oxford Oxford University Press.

Hossen, Mohammad Tofazzal, 2008. Communicative language teaching: Teachers’

perception in Bangladesh. Department of English and Humanities. BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Hu G.W. 2002. Recent important development in secondary English language teaching in the P.R China. Language Culture and Curriculum, 15(1).

Hutchings, K., Metcalfe, B. & Kooper, B., 2010. Exploring Arab Middle Eastern Women’s perceptions of barriers to, and facilitators of, international management opportunities. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, (1-3), p.61-83.

Hung, Y. 2009. Linking theory to practice: Implications of CLT in Taiwanese University teachers of English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Indiana University.

Hussien, Y.I. 1989. The relationships between attitudes of English teachers in Egypt toward methods of teaching English and selected demographic characteristics.

Unpublished doctoral dissertation, George Washington University.

(11)

Hinton, P. R., Brownlow, C., McMurvay, I., & Cozens, B. (2004). SPSS explained.

East Sussex, England: Routledge Inc.

Ibadur Rahman and Jameel, 2011."Textual Reading Comprehension among the learners". Theory and Practice in language Studies, vol.1, no.10, pp.1404-1407.

Iddings, A., 2006. Conclusion. In S.McCafferty, G. Jaccobs, & A. Iddings. Eds Cooperative Learning and Second Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P. 177- 180.

Imssalem, N. 2002. Teaching and learning in Libya. Benghazi.

İnceçay, G., & V. İnceçay. 2009. Turkish university students' perceptions of communicative and non-communicative activities in EFL classroom. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 1, 618-622.

Innajih, A. A. (2007) the impact of textual cohesive conjunctions on the reading comprehensive of 4th year English major students in Libyan universities. Theses. Ph.

D thesis. University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Inozu, J. 2011. Belief about Foreign Language Learning among Students Training to Teach English as a Foreign Language. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 39: 5.

Imssalem, N. 2001. Textbook Evaluation and Designing a Syllabus: An Evaluation of a First Year English Textbook for Libyan Learners. Benghazi: Garyounis University.

Irmawati, Noer Doddy Irmawati 2012. "Communicative Approach: An Alternative Method Used in Improving Students’ Academic Reading Achievement".

Jacobs, G.; McCafferty, S. & Iddings, D. eds., 2006. Roots of cooperative learning in general education. In S. McCafferty; G. Jacobs, & A. Iddings. Eds. Cooperative Learning and Second Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Ch.1, p. 9-17.

Jankowicz, A.D. 2005. Business Research Projects, 4th Edition, London UK, Thomson Learning, pp. 105 – 124, 219 – 327

Jang et al, 2008. Integrative mixed methods data analytic strategies in research on school success in challenging circumstances. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2 (3), p.221-247.

Jones, L., 2007. The student-centred classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Johnson, R.B., & Onwuegbuzie, A.J. 2004. Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26

(12)

Johnson, K., 2001. An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

Kadriye Aksoy a*2015, what you think is not what you do in the classroom:

Investigating teacher’s beliefs for classroom management in an EFL classroom.

GlobELT: An International Conference on Teaching and Learning English as an Additional Language, Antalya – Turkey.

Karim, K. (2004). Teachers' perceptions, attitudes and expectations about CLT in post- secondary education Bangladesh. Un published MA thesis.

Kasanda et al, 2005. The role of everyday contexts in learner-centred teaching: the practice in Namibian Secondary Schools. International Journal of Science Education, 27(15), p. 1805-1823.

Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. 2000. Foundations of behavioural research (4th ed.).

Holt, NY: Harcourt College Publishers

Kelley, K.; Clark, B.; Brown, V. and Sitzia, j. 2003). Good practice in the conduct and reporting of survey research, Journal for Quality in Health Care, V (15), N (3), pp.261- 266.

Khoi May Ngoc and Mai Ngoc. 2012. A comparison of learners' and teachers' attitudes toward communicative language teaching at two universities in Vietnam. National university Vietnam and the university of Queensland

Kim, Jae-On, & Mueller, Charles W. 1978a. Factor analysis: Statistical methods and practical issues. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Kirkgoz, Y. 2008. A case study of teachers’ implementation of curriculum innovation in English language teaching in Turkish primary education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24, p. 1859-1875.

Kleinsasser, R.G.& Sato, K.1999. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT): Practical understanding: Modern Language Journal 83 (4): 494- 517.

Ko, J., Schhallert, D.; Walters, K., 2003. Rethinking scaffolding; examining negotiation of meaning in an ESL storytelling task. TESOL Quarterly, 37 (2), p. 303- 324.

Krathwohl D.R. 1998. Methods of Education of social science research: An integrated approach (2nd Ed).White Plains, NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

Kuzborska, Irena. 2011 "Links between teachers’ beliefs and practices and research on reading" April 2011, Volume 23, No. 1 ISSN 1539-0578. Pp.102-128.

Larsen- Freeman, D. (ED). 2000. Techniques and principles in language teaching (2nd ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press

(13)

Lantolf, J.P. 2000. Socio-cultural Theory and Second Language Learning. Littlewood, W. 2007. Communicative and task- based language teaching in West Asian classrooms.

Language Teaching, 40, 243- 249.

Latiwish, M, 2003. Teachers’ training strategies. Benghazi, Universty of Garyounis press.

Leung, W. C. 2001. How to design a questionnaire. Student BMJ; 9, pp.187-189.

Liao, n, Q. 2000. Communicative language Teaching innovation in China: Difficulties and solution. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from ERIC database (ED 443294).

Li, M. 2005. " Communicative effectively with Chinese Students in EFL/ESL Classroom". In P. Robertson (Ed). English Language Learning in the Asian Context 2nd ed. British Virgin Islands: Asian EFL journal Press.

Lincoln, Y. S, & Guba, E. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Li, L. and Walsh, S. (2011). 'Seeing is Believing': Looking at EFL Teachers' Beliefs through Classroom Interaction. Classroom Discourse, 2. 39-57. ) 1(

Li, L. 2012. Belief construction and development: two tales of non-native English speaking student teachers in a TESOL program me. Novita Royal, 2012, 6 (1), 33-58.

Littlewood, W. T. 1981. Communicative language teaching: An introduction.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Littlewood, W. 2001. Students’ attitudes to classroom English learning: a cross cultural study. Language Teaching Research, Vol. 5 (1), 3-28.

Littlewood, W. 2000. Task-based learning of grammar. Teaching Update, 1, 40-57 Livingstone, D. & Lynch, K. 2000. Group project work and student-centred active learning: two different experiences. Studies in Higher Education, 25(93), 325-345.

Lortie, D. 1975. Schoolteacher: A sociological study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

McCombs, B. & Miller, L., 2007. Learner-centred classroom practices and assessments: maximizing student motivation, learning and achievement. California:

Corwin Press.

Manjulatha Devi Gudepu1,.2013. Applications of Communicative Language Teaching Techniques in Reading Classes: A Special Focus on Junior Colleges in Telangana Region (India) World Journal of English Language. Vol. 3, No. 2; 2013.

(14)

Matsuura, H., Chiba, R., & P. Hilderbrandt. 2001. Beliefs about learning and teaching communicative English in Japan. Japan Association for Language Teaching 23 .1, 69- 82

Matsau, M.A., 2007. Investigating the learner-centred approach in Language teaching in Lesotho. Master of Education thesis. Victoria University.

Maykut P, Morehouse R. 1994. Beginning Qualitative Research: A Philosophical and Practical Guide. London, Falmer.

McMeniman, M., J. Cumming, J. Wilson, J. Stevenson & C. Sim 2003. Teacher knowledge in action: the impact of educational research. Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Australia.

Meijer, P. C., Verloop, N. and D. Beijaard 1999. Exploring language teachers' practical knowledge about teaching reading comprehension. Teaching and Teacher Education 15(1), 59-84.

Meijer, P. C., Verloop, N. & Beijaard, D. 2001. Similarities and differences in teachers’

practical knowledge about teaching reading comprehension. The Journal of Educational Research, 49(3), 171-184.

Mehrak Rahimi and Farhad Naderi, 2014. The relationship between EFL teachers’

attitudes twards CLT and perceived difficulties of implementing CLT in language classes, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan, Tehran.

Metcalfe, B. D., 2006. Exploring cultural dimensions of gender and management in the Middle East. Thunderbird International Business Review, 48 (1) p.93-107.

Merriam, S. 2009. Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation, Jossey- Bass, San Francisco, CA.

Memari, M. 2013. How Appropriates Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in EFL Context (an Iranian Case Study) J. Life Sci. Biomed. 3(6):432-438.

Metcalfe, B. D., 2008. Women, management and globalization in the Middle East.

Journal of Business Ethics, 83, p. 85-100.

Morita, N. 2004. Negotiating participation and identity in second language academic communities. TESOL Quarterly, 38, 573 – 603.

Mongubhai, F., Marland, Perce, Dashwood, Ann., & Son, Jeong- Bae. 2004. Teaching a foreign language: one teacher's practical theory. Teaching and Teachers Education, 20(3), pp.291- 331.

Mullock, B. 2003. What makes a good teacher? The perceptions of postgraduate TESOL students. Prospect, 18.

(15)

Mustafa and Zamzam Al-Dersi. 2013 "Investigating the role of short stories in overcoming the problems faced by Libyan EFL learners in reading comprehension skill" An international journal in England.

Myriam Monopoli (N D) Reading Comprehension development in the English B Lesson. St. Catherine's Moorlands (Argentina).

Najeeb. S.R and ELdokali. E. 2011. "English in Libya: The Language of Development".

Nasser Saleh Al- Mansur & Re'ad Abdulgader Al Shorman. 2011. The effect of teacher's storytelling aloud in reading comprehension of Saudi elementary stage. King Saud University. Journal of King Saud University- Language and Translation. (2011) 23, 69- 76

Ng, E. K. J. & Farrell, T. S. C. 2003. Do teachers’ beliefs of grammar teaching match their classroom practices? A Singapore case study. In D. Deter ding, A. Brown and E. L.

Brown (Eds) English in Singapore: Research on Grammar (pp. 128-137). Singapore: McGraw Hill-

Nonkukhetkhong, K, Baldauf Jr, R. & Moni, K. 2006. Learner-centeredness in teaching English as a foreign language. A paper submitted at 26 Thai TESOL International Conference, Chaing Mai, Thailand, 1 9-21 January 2006, 1-9.

Noora, A. 2008. "Iranian Undergraduates Non –English Majors Language Learning"

Islamic Azad University of Dehaghan GEMA online jurnal of Language studies 33 volume 8 (2)2008 Azam –noora 2005 @yahoo .com.

Nunan, D. 1995. Closing the gap between learning and instruction. TESOL Quarterly, 29 (1), p. 133-158.

Nunan, D., and Lamb, C. 2011. Managing the learning process. In D. Hall and A.

Hewings (Eds), Innovation in English language Teaching (pp. 27-45). London:

Routledge.

Nunan, D. 2003. The impact of English as a global language on educational policies Nunnaly, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.

and practice in the Asia- pacific region. TESOL Quarterly, 37 (4), 589-613.

Nunan, D.,1999. Second language teaching and learning. Boston : Heinle & Heinle Puplishers.

(16)

Ntriengangy Jean Bosco 2015. Rwandan University EFL Teachers' Perceived Difficulties in Implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). Minnesota State University- Mankato.

O'Dwyer, S. 2006. The English teacher as facilitator and authority. TESL-EJ, Retrieved from http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/TESL-EJ/ej36/a2.htm

O’Donoghu, T, Punch.k.2003. Qualitative Education Research in Action: Doing and Reflecting. London; Routledge.

Ofsted, 2000. Secondary subject Inspection 1999/2000: University of Hull (Mathematics) London: Ofsted.

Orafi, SMS. 2008. Investigating Teachers’ Practices and Beliefs in Relation to Curriculum Innovation in English Language Teaching in Libya. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leeds

Orafi, S. & Borg, S. 2009. “Intentions and realities in implementing communicative curriculum reform”.

O’Sullivan, M., 2004. The reconceptualization of learner-centered approaches: a Namibian case study.” International Journal of Educational Development, 24 (6), p.

585-602.

Oppenheim, A. N. 1992. Questionnaire design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement (new Ed), London, Printerl

Ozsevik, Z. 2010. The use of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT): Turkish EFL Teachers’ perceived difficulties in implementing CLT in Turkey. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Pallant, J. (2005) SPSS Survival Guide: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows. 3rd Edition, Open University Press, New York

Patton, M. 2002. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, 3rd ed. London: Sage. Pajares, M. F. 1992. Teachers’ beliefs and educational research: cleaning up a messy construct. Review of Educational Research, 62 (3), 307-

332.

Peat, J.; Mellis, C.; Williams, K. and Xuan, W. 2002. Health Science Resea A Handbook of Quantitative Methods, London: Sage.

Pei-long, L. 2011. The study on the effectiveness of communicative language teaching strategies used in college English classes. Sino-US English Teaching, 8(7), 457-461

(17)

Pimanmas Ninsuwan, 2015. The Effectiveness of Teaching English by Using Reading Aloud. Technique towards EFL Beginners. 7The World Conference on Educational Sciences, (WCES-2015) , 05-07 February 2015, Novotel Athens Convention Center, Athens, Greece.

Peterson, S. & Irving, E. 2008. Secondary schools students’ conceptions of assessment Preparation in Libya. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Essex.

Phan, L.H. 2004. University classrooms in Vietnam: Contesting the stereotypes. ELT Journal, 58(1), 50-57

Phillips et al., 2008. English for Libya: Secondary 3: English specialization: language and society. Teacher’s Book. UK, Garnet Published Ltd.

Porter, M.E., and Yergin, D., 2006. "National Economic Strategy: An Assessment of the Competitiveness of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" Cambridge Energy Research Associate (CERA) PP. 1-189.

Polit DF, Beck CT. 2004. Nursing research; principles and method. Philadelphia:

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Pollard, A. and Triggs, P. 1997. Reflective Teaching in Secondary Education.

London: CASSELL

Pressley, M., & Afflerbach, P.2002. Metacognition and self- regulated comprehension.

In farstrup, A, E., of Samules, S.J.(ed). What research has to say about reading instruction. San Francisco. CA. Josset- Bass.

Punch, K. F. (2005) Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, 2nd ed., London: SAGE Publications Inc.

Rana Naeem Akhtar, 2014. An Experimental Study Using Communicative Language Teaching Method (CLTM) At Higher Secondary Level to Enhance Students' Reading Comprehension Skills 1 NICE Research Journal 2014 Vol., 7 ISSN: 2219-

Rao, Z.H. 2002. Chinese students’ perceptions of communicative and non- communicative activities in EFL classroom. System, 30(1), 85-105.

Ramirez, A. 1995. Creating contexts for second language Acquisition: Theory and Practice. White Plains NY: Longman.

Razmjoo, S. A., & Riazi, A. M. 2006. Is Communicative Language Teaching Practical in the Expanding Circle? Journal of Language and Learning, 4(2), 144 171.

Reza Arabsheibani, G. and L. Manfor 2007. Non- linearities in Returns to Education in Libya. Education Economics 9(1), 134-145.

(18)

Rees, C., & Althakhri, R., 2008. Organizational change strategies in the Arab region:

a review of critical factors. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 9 (2), p.

123-132.

Regan, J. 2003. Motivating students towards self-directed learning. Nurse Education Today, 23, p. 593-599.

Reinharz, S. 1992. Feminist methods in social research. New York, NY: Oxford.

University Press.

Ria Handyman, (N.D). Teaching Reading Comprehension Using Communicative approach at the sixth grade students of sdn 1 Pangheotan kab. bandung barat

Riazi, A. & Rahimi, M. 2005 Iranian EFL learners patterns of language learning strategy and use .the journal of Asia TEFL .voi 2 ,no ,1 p.p 103 -129 spring 2005.

Richards, J. and Lockhart, C. 1995. Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rico, L.T, 2008. Strategies for Teaching English Learners. 2nd ed. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Richards, J. C., & Rogers, T. 1986. Approaches and methods in language teaching: A description and analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Richards, Jack C., & Rogers, Theodore S. 1997. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Richards, J., & Rogers, T. 2001. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching (2nd ed. ). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Richards, J. C. 2006. Communicative Language Teaching Today, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Rogers, C. 1983. Freedom to learn for the 80’s. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Rogers, C., 1969. Freedom to learn.1st Ed. USA; Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company.

Rogers, C, & Freiberg, J., 1994. Freedom to learn. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Rosa, Manuel Megías. 2007. HOLA! A Holistic Approach to Foreign/Second Language Learning for Kids. Education, Audiovisual & Culture Executive Agency.

Sabitha. S. R. & Najeeb. 2013. "The business of teaching English as a second language" A Libyan case study, Adonis Language Studies Conference 2012.

(19)

Saldana, J. 2011. Fundamentals of qualitative research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Salem Altaieb and Youssif Zaghwani Omar, 2015. Obstacles Libyan Teachers of English Encounter While Implementation Curriculum in Libyan High Schools. Journal of Modern Education Review, ISSN 2155-7993, USA. September 2015, Volume 5, No.

9, pp. 840–853

Sakui. , & Gaies, S. 1999. Investigation Japanese Learners' beliefs about language learning. System 27(4): 473- 492.

Sato, K., & Kleinsasser, R. 1999. Communicative language teaching: Practical understandings. The Modern Language Journal, 83, 494-517.

Saunders, M.; Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2007) Research Methods for Business Students, Harlow, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education Limited.

Sarwar, Z., 2001. Adapting individualization techniques for large classes. In D. Hall &

A. Hewings. eds. Innovation in English Language teaching. London: Routledge. Ch.

11, p. 127-136.

Savignon, S. J. (Ed). 2002. Interpreting communicative language teaching: Contexts and Concerns in teacher education. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Sawani, F. 2009. Factors affecting English teaching and its materials.

Sayenko, Tetyana Sayenko. N. D. Teaching English Pronunciation to Improve Reading Accuracy & Reading Comprehension. Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, Japan.

Saleh, S., 2002. A descriptive study of some classroom behavioral aspects of Ajelat EFL teachers at secondary schools. Unpublished MA Thesis: The Academy of Graduate Studies. Tripoli-Libya.

Sato, K. 2002. Practical understanding of communicative language teaching and teacher development. In S.J. Savignon (Ed.), Interpreting Communicative Language Teaching:

Contexts and concern in teacher education (pp. 41-81). London: Yale University.

Schunk, D. 2004. Learning Theories: an Educational Perspective. New Jersey:

Person.

Scharer, P.L.1992.Teachers in transition: an exploration of changes in teachers and classrooms during implementation of literature based reading instruction Research in the Teaching of English 26 (4):408-445.

Schmuck, R. & Schmuck, P., 1974. A humanistic psychology of education. makes the school every body’s house. U.S.A: National Press Books.

(20)

Senel, M. 2002. A Suggested Textbook for the Students & the Teachers of ELT Departments of the Faculties of Education for Approaches in ELT course, Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Ankara: Hacettepe University.

Shakedi, A. 2006. Curriculum and teachers: An encounter of language and literatures.

Curriculum studies 38 (6), 719-735.

Shihiba, S. 2011. An Investigation of Libyan EFL Teachers Conceptions of the Communicative Learner-Centered Approach in Relation to their Implementation of an English Language Curriculum Innovation in Secondary Schools. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Durham

Shechtman, Z., 2002. Validation of the democratic teacher belief scale (DTBS) Assessment in Education, 9 (3), p. 363-377

.

Shamin, F. 1996. Learner resistance to innovation in classroom methodology. In H.

Selected papers from the Eighteenth Annual Conversation of TESOL, Houston T.

Surafel, Z., 2002. The effects of the new English language teaching methodology in the first cycle secondary schools. Educational Journal, 6, 70-86.

Smith, 11. W., 1991. Strategies of social research. 3 rd ed. USA: Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Stevens, J.P. 2009. Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. New York, NY: Routledge.

Sreehari, P. 2012. Communicative Language Teaching: Possibilities and Problems.

English Language Teaching, 5(12), 87-93.

Su, Y, 2002. Communicative language teaching in Taiwan. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. New York University, New York.

Suwaed, Hameda H. KH. M. 2011. Teachers' cognition and classroom teaching practice: an investigation of teaching English writing at the university level in Libya.

PhD thesis.

Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. 2001. Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA:

Allyn and Bacon.

Tabulawa, R., 2003. "International aid agencies, learner-centered pedagogy and political democratization" a critique. Comparative Education, 39 (1).

(21)

Tam, M. K. 1997. Building fluency: a course for non-native speakers of English.

Retrieved May 4, 2011, from http://exanges.state.gove/english teaching/

forum/archives/1997/docs/97-35-1.pdf

Thanli, T., Dekker, R. & Goadhart, M. 2008. Preparing Vietnamese student- teacher for teaching with a student- centered approach. Mathematics Teacher Education, 11, p. 61- 81.

Tifaliogl, F, Y, & basaran, S. 2007. Enhancing comprehension through task- based writing activities. Journal of Reading Matrix. 7 (31): 134- 149.

Tinsley, H. E. A., & Tinsley, D. J. 1987. Use of factor analysis in counselling psychology research. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 34, 414-424.

Tsui, B. 2003. Understanding expertise in teaching: Case studies of second language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Turan Paker, 2015. The use and function of mother tongue in EFL classes. Global T. A.

An International Conference on Teaching and Learning English as an Additional language, Antalya-Turkey.

Tudor, I., 2001. The dynamics of the language classroom. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Tumbull, M. (2001). There is a role for the L1 in second and foreign language teaching, but. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57, pp. 402-423.

Turner-Bisset, R. A. 1999. Knowledge bases of the expert teachers. British educational Research Journal, 25 (1), 39-55.

Turner-Bisset, R.2001. Expert teaching: Knowledge and pedagogy to lead the profession. London: David Fulton Publishers.

Valdes, G. 2001. Learning and not learning English: Latino students in American schools. New York: Teacher College Press.

Van Driel, J. H., Verloop, N., & de Vos, W. 1998. Developing science teachers pedagogical content knowledge. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 35 ,

pp. 673-695.

Verloop, N., Van Driel, Jan., & Meijer, Paulien. (2001). Teacher Knowledge and the knowledge base of teaching. International Journal of Educational Research, 35(5), pp.441-461.

Vygotsky, L. 1978. Thinking and Speech. New York: Plenum.

Wang, Q., Ma, X., 2009. Educating for learner-centeredness in Chinese pre-service

(22)

teacher education. Innovation in Language learning and teaching, 3 (3), p. 239-253.

Wang, C. 2002. Innovative teaching in foreign language contexts. In S. Savignon (Ed), Interpreting Communicative Language Teaching (pp. 131-153). New Haven: Yale University Press.

Wang, H. and Cheng, L. 2005. The Impact of Curriculum Innovation on the Cultures of Teaching. Asian EFL Journal, 7/4, 7-32.

Walker, J. B. 2002. Diagnostic teaching of reading: Techniques for instruction and assessment (4th ed.). OH: Merrill.

Wallace, M. 1998. Action research for language teachers. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press

Warayet. A. 2011 Participation as a Complex Phenomenon in the EFL Classroom.

Unpublished PhD Thesis, Newcastle University.

Weimer, M., 2002 Learner- centered teaching. Five keys changes to practice. San Francisco: CA. Jossy – Bass.

Wedell, M. 2003. Giving TESOL change a chance: Supporting key players in the curriculum change process.

Wilkinson, D. & Birmingham, P., 2003. Using research instruments: a guide for researchers. London: Routledge Falmer.

Xu, S. and Connelly, F. 2009. ‘Narrative Inquiry for Teacher Education and Development: Focus on English as a Foreign Language in China’. Teaching and Teacher Education. 25:219-227.

Yang, A. and Cheung, C. 2003. Adapting textbook activities for communicative Teaching and cooperative learning. Forum. 41, 3, 16-20

Yeung, S. 2009. Is student-centered pedagogy impossible in Hong Kong? the case study of inquiry in classrooms. Asia Pacific Education, 10, p. 377-38

Ying, L. 2010. Communicative activities in ELT classrooms in China. Unpublished master dissertation, University of Wisconsin- Platteville.

Yilmaz, K. 2009. Democracy through learner – centered education: a Turkish perspective. International Review of Education, 55, p. 21-37.

Yonghong, 2008, Implementation Communicative Activities in English Reading Class.

Shandong University of Finance. Vol. 1, No. 1. June 2008.

(23)

Youssef, AM. 2012. “Role of Motivation and Attitude in Introduction and Learning of English as a Foreign. Language in Libyan High Schools”. International Journal of Linguistics, 4: 2

Youssif Zaghwani Omar, 2014, Perceptions of selected Libyan English as a foreign language teacher regarding teaching of English in Libya. Doctorate of Philosophy the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri–Columbia.

Zan Mao, 2012. The application of task-based language teaching to English reading classroom. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 2430-2438,

Zare, P. (2012). Language Learning Strategies Among EFL/ESL Learners: A Review of Literature. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 2(5): 162-169 Zekariya, O. 2010. The Use of communicative language teaching (CLT): Turkish EFL teacher perceived difficulties in implementing CLT in Turkey. Published MA.

Illinois University.

Zeichner, K., & Ndimnade, B., 2008. Contradictions and tensions in the place of teachers in educational reform: reflection on teacher preparation in the USA and Namibia. Teacher and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 14 (4), p. 331-343.

Zhang, z. 1993. "Literature review on reading strategy research" Paper presented at the annual conference of the mid –sought Educational Research Association: New Orleans, LA

Zoghi, M.,Hazita A. and Tg Nor Rizan ,Tg .M.M.2010. CSR II:"An Instructional Technique for Reading Strategies". The proceeding of SOLLS, Malaysia: Universiti kebangsaan Malaysia. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies ISSN 2202-9478 Vol. 2 No. 1; January 2014 Copyright © Australian International Academic Centre, Australia.

Zuljan, M., 2007. Students’ conceptions of knowledge, the role of the teacher and learner as important factors in didactic school reform. Educational Studies, 33 (1), p.29- 40.

Rujukan

DOKUMEN BERKAITAN

As the introduction of Western methodologies, teaching materials, and teachers has resulted in a number of mismatches between different elements in the English

As the issues and aspects of autonomous learning and teaching are wide and complex, this chapter will focus on one particular aspect, namely, how language teachers in an English for

The teaching and learning of literature in English in the Malaysian English as a Second Language (ESL) context has evolved from being a core part of the English language curriculum

This study focuses on the selected factors affecting teachers’ implementation of the NCTB’s Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) curriculum in secondary schools in Bangladesh.. The

In the process of teaching and learning, teachers can pick and choose their preferred techniques of disseminating knowledge to the students, based on the

Teaching Mandarin as a second language, public universities, development in teaching, current stage Mandarin teaching survey, teaching Mandarin as a second language teacher

This study investigated teachers’ practices and perceptions in using ICT in English Language Teaching (ELT) with a focus on the obstacles faced by English language teachers in

The main reason of this research is to identify the most common teaching approaches practiced by the ESL Teachers in their Language teaching. The research involved