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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SAFETY BEHAVIOR AMONG OPERATORS IN
WIRE CABLE MANUFACTURING COMPANY
AKMAL HANNAN BIN MD SHUHAIME
MASTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
DECEMBER 2020
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SAFETY BEHAVIOR AMONG OPERATORS IN WIRE
CABLE MANUFACTURING COMPANY
AKMAL HANNAN BIN MD SHUHAIME
Thesis Submitted to School of Business Management,
Universiti Utara Malaysia,
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master of Human Resource Management
i
PERMISSION TO USE
In presenting this project paper in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), I agree that the Library of this university may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying this project paper in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by my supervisor or in her absence, by the Dean of School of Business Management. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this project paper or parts of it for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the UUM in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my dissertation/project paper.
Request for permission to copy or to make other use of materials in this project paper in whole or in part should be addressed to:
Dean of School of Business Management Universiti Utara Malaysia
06010 UUM Sintok Kedah Darul Aman
ii ABSTRACT
“Prevention is better than cure”. Improving safety behaviour in workplace can prevent accident and reduce injuries among workers. The most important element that contributes to safety in an organization is safety management practices. The focus of this study is to determine the level of safety behaviour among operators and analyse the relationship between safety management practices and safety behaviour in a wire cable manufacturing company among the operators. This study used 5-point Likert scale questionnaires. The dimensions of safety management practices are management commitment, safety training, safety communication and feedback, worker involvement, safety rules and procedures and safety promotion policies. The dimension of safety behaviour is safety compliance. A total of 169 production department operators of 6 different plants were involved in this study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic, correlation and multiple regression test via IBM SPSS. The findings of the study also revealed that safety promotion policies, safety rules and procedures and safety training were having positive relationship with safety compliance behaviour among operators in the company. Meanwhile, management commitment, worker involvement and safety communication and feedback have negative relationship with safety compliance behaviour among operators. The findings of the study will provide a good reference to the company to further improve their safety management practices in order to increase the level of safety behaviour among operators.
Keywords: Safety Management Practices, Safety Compliance Behaviour, Operators
iii ABSTRAK
"Mencegah lebih baik daripada mengubati". Meningkatkan tingkah laku keselamatan di tempat kerja dapat mencegah kemalangan dan mengurangkan kecederaan di kalangan pekerja. Elemen terpenting yang menyumbang kepada keselamatan dalam organisasi adalah amalan pengurusan keselamatan. Fokus kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan tahap tingkah laku keselamatan di kalangan operator (pengendali) dan menganalisis hubungan antara amalan pengurusan keselamatan dan tingkah laku keselamatan di sebuah syarikat pembuatan kabel dawai di kalangan pengendali. Kajian ini menggunakan soal selidik pada skala 5 mata Likert. Dimensi amalan pengurusan keselamatan adalah komitmen pengurusan, latihan keselamatan, komunikasi dan maklum balas keselamatan, penglibatan pekerja, peraturan dan prosedur keselamatan dan polisi promosi keselamatan. Dimensi tingkah laku keselamatan adalah kepatuhan keselamatan. Sebanyak 169 operator di bahagian pengeluaran yang berlainan tempat kerja terlibat dalam kajian ini. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, korelasi dan ujian regresi berganda melalui IBM SPSS. Penemuan kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahawa dasar promosi keselamatan, peraturan dan prosedur keselamatan dan latihan keselamatan mempunyai hubungan yang positif dengan tingkah laku pematuhan keselamatan di antara pengendali di syarikat tersebut. Sementara itu, komitmen pengurusan, penglibatan pekerja dan komunikasi keselamatan serta maklum balas tidak mempunyai hubungan yang positif antara tingkah laku pematuhan keselamatan di antara pengendali. Hasil kajian akan memberi rujukan yang baik kepada syarikat untuk meningkatkan amalan pengurusan keselamatan mereka ke arah lebih baik agar tahap tingkah laku keselamatan di kalangan operator dapat di tingkatkan.
Kata Kunci: Amalan pengurusan keselamatan, tingkah laku keselamatan, operators (pengendali)
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Praises to Allah S.W.T for blessing me with strength, determination and good health while undergoing this course and completing this research paper.
First and formost, I would like to express my sincere appreciations and thanks to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zuraida Binti Hassan for constantly guiding me by giving advice and support throughout the conduct and writing of this research paper. I also would like to offer special thanks to Prof. Dr Khulida Kirana Yahya and Prof. Dr. Ram Al Jaffri Bin Saad for the significant advices and sincere encouragements.
Furthermore, I would like to forward my gratitude to the management level of the company for giving me permission to conduct this survey and to all respondents who were willing to answer my questionnaires even though they were busy with their job.
Without them, I will not able to conduct this research on time. Not to be forgotten either, I thank my “besties”, friends of Geng Puasa 16/17 that always support me since my undergraduate studies in University of Malaya and also my classmates (Syazana, Teh Nurul, Hilmi, Rasihan, Razak, Anncelia and Morgana).
Last but not least, I would like express my special and utmost thanks my beloved parents, siblings and all member of Abd Rahman’s & Said’s families for your encouragement, financial support and always be there when ever I need them throughout my studies.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PERMISSION TO USE ... i
ABSTRACT ... ii
ABSTRAK ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v
LIST OF FIGURE ... ix
... 1
INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Introduction ... 1
1.2 Background of the Study ... 1
1.3 Problem Statement ... 4
1.4 Research Question ... 8
1.5 Research Objective ... 9
1.6 Scope of the Study ... 9
1.7 Significant of the Study ... 11
1.8 Summary ... 12
... 13
LITERATURE REVIEW ... 13
vi
2.1 Introduction ... 13
2.2 Malaysia and Occupational Safety and Health ... 13
2.3 Empirical Studies on Safety Behaviour ... 15
2.4 The Relationship between Safety Management Practices and Safety Behaviour ... 16
2.4.1 Management Commitment and Safety Behaviour ... 16
2.4.2 Safety Training and Safety Behaviour ... 18
2.4.3 Worker Involvement and Safety Behaviour ... 19
2.4.4 Safety Communication & Feedback and Safety Behaviour ... 20
2.4.5 Safety Rules & Procedures and Safety Behaviour ... 21
2.4.6 Safety Promotion Policies and Safety Behaviour ... 22
2.5 Summary ... 23
... 24
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 24
3.1 Introduction ... 24
3.2 Conceptual Framework ... 24
3.3 Operational Definition ... 25
3.4 Hypothesis Statement ... 28
3.5 Research Design ... 29
vii
3.6 Population and Sampling ... 30
3.7 Measurement of Variables/ Instrument ... 31
3.8 Data Collection ... 33
3.9 Data Analysis ... 34
3.10 Pilot Study ... 34
3.11 Summary ... 36
... 37
ANALYSIS AND FINDING ... 37
4.1 Introduction ... 37
4.2 Response Rate ... 37
4.3 Respondent’s Demographic Background ... 38
4.4 Reliability Test ... 41
4.5 Descriptive Analysis of Variables ... 43
4.6 Pearson Correlation Analysis ... 44
4.7 Hypothesis Testing ... 46
4.8 Summary ... 48
... 49
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ... 49
5.1 Introduction ... 49
viii
5.2 Discussion ... 49
5.2.1 The Level of Safety Behavior among the operators in wire cable manufacturing company. ... 49
5.2.2 Management Commitment and Safety Compliance Behaviour. ... 50
5.2.3 Safety Training and Safety Compliance Behaviour ... 51
5.2.4 Worker Involvement and Safety Compliance Behaviour. ... 51
5.2.5 Safety Communication and Feedback and Safety Compliance Behaviour. .. 52
5.2.6 Safety Rules and Procedure and Safety Compliance Behaviour. ... 53
5.2.7 Safety Promotion Policies and Safety Compliance Behaviour. ... 54
5.3 Implication of Study ... 55
5.3.1 Theoretical Implications ... 55
5.3.2 Practical Implication ... 57
5.4 Limitation ... 59
5.5 Recommendation for future research ... 60
5.6 Conclusion ... 61
REFERENCES ... 62
APPENDICES ... 67
ix
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 3.1: Theoretical Framework... 25
Figure 3.2: Cronbach Alpha's Result ... 35
Figure 4.1: Response Rate... 38
Figure 4.2: Participants' Demographic Factors' Descriptive Statistics ... 38
Figure 4.3: Reliability Analysis ... 42
Figure 4.4: Descriptive of Variables ... 44
Figure 4.5: Correlation Analysis ... 45
Figure 4.6: Model Summary ... 46
Figure 4.7: Multiple Regression Result on Safety Compliance ... 47
Figure 4.8: Hypothesis Result ... 47
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction
In this chapter it will give description of the background of the study, problem statement, research question, research objective, scope and limitation of the study, significant of the study and summary.
1.2 Background of the Study
After Malaysia gained independence in 1957, its economics talent, progress and achievement were being given serious attention by international and neighbouring countries. Malaysia in one of the countries in the world that is rich with natural resources that contribute to increasing in its economics, stability of politics and social integration. In Mid-1980s, Malaysian economics industry was acknowledged as the main factor leading to the growth of human capital.
Therefore, according to The Edge Market 2019, it was stated that the sector that contributed to the majority component of Malaysia’s economy is manufacturing sector. 23% of GDP in 2019 is contributed by this sector.
Malaysian manufacturing industry sector that consists electrical and electronic, petroleum plastic, food product and others have grown rapidly in a decade.
In Safety and Health at the Heart of The Future of Work (2019) by International Labour Organization, ILO has estimated that 2.78 million of workers deceased each year because of occupational accident and work- related diseases. Moreover, the workers that suffer from non-fatal occupational
62
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Cheng, S. L., Michael, F. L., Hamidi, H., & Abdullah, S. M. (2018). The Relationship between Management Practices and Safety. Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, 4(1), 15-27.
Ching, Sea Lee (2017) The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees. Master’s thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
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Gao, Y., Fan, Y., Wang, J., Li, X., & Pei, J. (2019). The mediating role of safety management practices in process safety culture in the Chinese oil industry.
Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 57, 223-230.
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Hassan, Z., & Rahim, R. (2019). The Relationship between Supervisor Safety, Safety Management Practices, and Safety Compliance Behaviour among Employees.
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Hussin, F., Ali, J., & Noor, M. S. Z. (2014). Kaedah penyelidikan & analisis data SPSS. Universiti Utara Malaysia Press.
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Jaafar, S.b., Choong, W.W. and Mohamed, A.H.b. (2017), "Facilities maintenance employees’ priority of safety management practices: A research study in Malaysia", Facilities, Vol. 35 No. 5/6, pp. 319-334. https://doi.org/10.1108/F- 03-2015-0012.
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Korkmaz, S., & Park, D. J. (2019). The effect of safety communication network characteristics on safety awareness and behavior in a liquefied natural gas terminal. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 1-16.
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Loosemore, M., & Malouf, N. (2019). Safety training and positive safety attitude formation in the Australian construction industry. Safety science, 113, 233- 243.
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Master’s thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
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Incheon International Airport Airside Workers. Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics, 26(4), 43-53.
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Impact on hazard recognition and safety risk perception. Journal of construction engineering and management, 142(12), 04016073.
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67
APPENDICES
Dear respected respondents,
Thank you for agreeing to participate in this research.
I am a Postgraduate student of Universiti Utara Malaysia. I am currently conducting a study on safety management practices in the wire cable manufacturing company.
Attached is a questionnaire that addresses the safety management practices in an organisation. Therefore, I would appreciate if you could answer all the questions in the survey as the information you provide will influence the accuracy and success of this research.
Please note there is no right or wrong answer to the statements listed in the questionnaire. Your sincerity and honesty are highly required in answering these statements. Please be rest assured that all your responses will be kept confidential and will be strictly used for the academic research purposes only.
With this, I highly appreciate your cooperation and participation in this study and wish to convey my thanks in advance.
If you are interested in the results of this study, please do not hesitate to contact me via email at akmalhannan96@gmail.com or call me at 013 6262103.
Thank you for your time and cooperation.
Yours sincerely,
AKMAL HANNAN BIN MD SHUHAIME
Matric ID: 825725
Master’s in Human Resource Management Universiti Utara Malaysia
68 PART A: DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
PLEASE TICK (√) IN THE APPROPRITE BOXES THAT CORRESPONDS TO YOUR ANSWER TO EACH THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS BELOW.
GENDER
Male Female
NATIONALITY Malaysian Nepal Vietnam AGE
Below 25 Years old 25 - 34 Years old
35 - 44 Years old 45 - 54 Years old
55 Years Old and Above QUALIFICATION
No Education SPM/ SKM
STPM Diploma And Above
HOW LONG YOU HAVE BEEN WORKING IN THE PRESENT ORGANISATION?
Less Than 1 Year 2 – 5 Years
6 – 10 Years 11 – 15 Years
HAVE YOU EVER HAD ANY OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT SINCE YOU STARTED WORKING IN THIS ORGANISATION?
Yes No
IF YES, HOW MANY ACCIDENTS HAVE YOU HAD WHILE WORKING IN THIS ORGANISATION?
1 - 3 Times 4 – 6 times
7 – 9 Times 10 Times Or More
HAVE YOU ATTENDED ANY OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY TRAINING?
Yes No
HOW OFTEN DO YOU HAVE TO ATTEND SAFETY TRAINING?
Every Month Once In Three Month
Once In Six Month Once A Year
Not At All
69
PART B: SURVEY ON WORKPLACE SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES & SAFETY BEHAVIOUR
PLEASE CIRCLE YOUR OPINION ON THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT BY USING THE GIVEN SCALE
1 2 3 4 5
STRONGLY DISAGREE
(Sangat Tidak Setuju)
DISAGREE (Tidak Bersetuju)
NOT SURE (Tidak Pasti)
AGREE (Agak Setuju)
STRONGLY AGREE (Sangat Setuju)
1- MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT (KOMITMEN PENGURUSAN) 1. Safety is given the high priority by the management.
(Keselamatan dalam pekerjaan diberi keutamaan tinggi oleh pihak pengurusan)
1 2 3 4 5
2. Safety rules and procedures are strictly followed by the management.
(Peraturan dan prosedur keselamatan dalam pekerjaan dilaksanakan sepenuhnya oleh pihak pengurusan)
1 2 3 4 5
3. Corrective action is always taken when the management is told about unsafe practices.
(Langkah penambahbaikan selalunya dilaksanakan oleh pihak pengurusan apabila dimaklumkan mengenai amalan amalan pekerjaan yang tidak selamat)
1 2 3 4 5
4. In my workplace, managers / supervisors do not show interest in the safety of the workers.
(Pengurus / penyelia di tempat kerja saya tidak menunjukkan minat terhadap keselamatan para pekerja)
1 2 3 4 5
5. The management considers safety to be equally important as healthcare delivery.
(Bagi pihak pengurusan, aspek keselamatan adalah sama pentingnya dengan perkhidmatan kesihatan)
1 2 3 4 5
6. Members of the management do not attend safety meetings.
(Ahli pengurusan tidak menghadiri mesyuarat keselamatan)
1 2 3 4 5
7. I feel that management is willing to compromise on safety for increasing healthcare delivery.
(Saya merasakan bahawa pihak pengurusan bersedia untuk mempertimbangkan aspek keselamatan bagi
1 2 3 4 5
70
meningkatkan penyampaian perkhidmatan kesihatan)
8. When near-miss accidents are reported, my management acts quickly to solve the problem.
(Apabila kemalangan nyaris (near-miss) dilaporkan, pihak pengurusan segera bertindak untuk menyelesaikannya)
1 2 3 4 5
9. My workplace provides sufficient personal protective equipment for the workers.
(Tempat kerja saya menyediakan peralatan perlindungan peribadi yang mencukupi kepada pekerja)
1 2 3 4 5
2- SAFETY TRAINING (LATIHAN KESELAMATAN) 10. My company gives comprehensive training to the
employees in the workplace health and safety issues (Syarikat ini memberi latihan menyeluruh kepada pekerja mengenai isu keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat kerja)
1 2 3 4 5
11. Newly recruits are trained adequately to learn safety rules and procedures.
(Pekerja baharu dilatih secukupnya untuk mempelajari peraturan dan prosedur keselamatan)
1 2 3 4 5
12. Safety issues are given high priority in training programmes.
(Isu keselamatan diberi keutamaan dalam program latihan)
1 2 3 4 5
13. I am not adequately trained to respond to emergency situations in my workplace.
(Saya tidak dilatih secukupnya untuk bertindak dalam situasi kecemasan di tempat kerja)
1 2 3 4 5
14. Management encourages the workers to attend safety training programmes
(Pihak pengurusan menggalakkan pekerja menghadiri program latihan keselamatan)
1 2 3 4 5
15. Safety training given to me is adequate to enable to assess hazards in workplace.
(Latihan keselamatan yang diberikan kepada saya mencukupi untuk saya menilai bahaya di tempat kerja)
1 2 3 4 5
3- WORKER INVOLVEMENT (PENGLIBATAN PEKERJA) 16. Management always welcomes opinion from
employees before making final decisions on safety related matters. (Pihak pengurusan sentiasa
1 2 3 4 5
71
mengalu-alukan pandangan daripada pekerja sebelum membuat keputusan akhir mengenai hal-hal keselamatan)
17. My company has safety committees consisting of representatives of management and employees.
(Syarikat ini mempunyai jawatankuasa keselamatan yang terdiri daripada wakil pengurusan dan pekerja)
1 2 3 4 5
18. Management promotes employees’ involvement in safety related matters.
(Pihak pengurusan menggalakkan penglibatan pekerja dalam hal-hal berkaitan keselamatan)
1 2 3 4 5
19. Management consults with employees regularly about workplace health and safety issues.
(Pihak pengurusan kerap berunding dengan pekerja mengenai isu keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat kerja)
1 2 3 4 5
20. Workers do not sincerely participate in identifying safety problems.
(Para pekerja tidak terlibat dengan jujur dalam mengenal pasti masalah keselamatan)
1 2 3 4 5
4- SAFETY COMMUNICATION AND FEEDBACK
(MAKLUMBALAS DAN KOMUNIKASI KESELAMATAN) 21. In my workplace doesn’t have a hazard reporting
system where employees can communicate hazard information before incidents occur.
(Di tempat kerja saya tidak mempunyai sistem laporan bahaya (hazard) yang membolehkan pekerja menyampaikan maklumat bahaya sebelum berlaku sesuatu insiden)
1 2 3 4 5
22. Management operates an open-door policy on safety issues.
(Pihak pengurusan mengamalkan polisi keterbukaan berkenaan isu keselamatan)
1 2 3 4 5
23. There is sufficient opportunity to discuss and deal with safety issues in meetings.
(Terdapat peluang yang cukup untuk berbincang dan menangani isu keselamatan dalam mesyuarat)
1 2 3 4 5
24. The target and goals for safety performance in my workplace are not clear to the workers.
(Sasaran dan matlamat pencapaian keselamatan di tempat kerja saya adalah tidak jelas bagi pekerja)
1 2 3 4 5
25. There is open communication about safety issues in
this workplace. 1 2 3 4 5
72
(Terdapat komunikasi terbuka mengenai isu keselamatan di tempat kerja)
5- SAFETY RULES AND PROCEDURES (PERATURAN DAN PROSEDUR KESELAMATAN)
26. The safety rules and procedures followed in my company are sufficient to prevent incidents occurring.
(Peraturan dan prosedur keselamatan yang diikuti di syarikat ini mencukupi untuk mengelakkan dari insiden berlaku)
1 2 3 4 5
27. The facilities in the safety department are not adequate to meet the needs of workplace.
(Kemudahan di jabatan keselamatan adalah tidak memadai dalam memenuhi keperluan di tempat kerja)
1 2 3 4 5
28. My supervisors and managers always try to enforce safe working procedures.
(Penyelia dan pengurus saya sentiasa cuba untuk menguatkuasakan prosedur kerja selamat)
1 2 3 4 5
29. Safety inspections are carried out regularly.
(Pemeriksaan keselamatan kerap dijalankan)
1 2 3 4 5
30. The safety procedures and practices in this organization are useful and effective.
(Prosedur dan amalan keselamatan di syarikat ini berguna dan berkesan)
1 2 3 4 5
6- SAFETY PROMOTION POLICIES (DASAR PROMOSI KESELAMATAN)
31. In my workplace, safe behavior is considered as a positive factor for job promotions.
(Di tempat saya bekerja, tingkah laku selamat dianggap sebagai faktor positif bagi galakan pekerjaan)
1 2 3 4 5
32. In my workplace, employees are rewarded for reporting safety hazards (thanked, cash or other rewards, recognition in newsletter, etc.)
(Di tempat kerja saya, pekerja akan diberi imbuhan untuk melaporkan bahaya keselamatan (ucapan terima kasih, wang tunai atau imbuhan, pengiktirafan dalam makalah dan lain-lain)
1 2 3 4 5
33. In my workplace, safety week celebration and other safety promotional activities arranged by the management are very effective in creating safety awareness among the workers.
1 2 3 4 5
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(Di tempat kerja saya, sambutan minggu keselamatan dan lain-lain aktiviti promosi keselamatan yang dianjurkan oleh pengurusan sangat berkesan dalam mewujudkan kesedaran keselamatan dalam kalangan pekerja)
34. There exists very healthy competition among employees to find out and report unsafe condition and acts.
(Wujud persaingan yang sangat sihat dalam kalangan pekerja untuk mengenalpasti dan melaporkan keadaan dan tindakan tidak selamat)
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35. Our supervisor becomes very unhappy and angry when employees find out and report unsafe conditions and acts in our section.
(Penyelia kami menjadi sangat tidak gembira dan marah apabila mendapati pekerja mengenalpasti dan melaporkan keadaan dan tindakan tidak selamat di seksyen kami)
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7- SAFETY COMPLIANCE (PEMATUHAN KESELAMATAN) 36. I use all necessary safety equipment to do my job.
(Saya menggunakan kesemua peralatan keselamatan yang perlu semasa melakukan pekerjaan)
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37. I carry out my work in a safe manner.
(Saya melaksanakan kerja dengan cara yang selamat)
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38. I follow correct safety rules and procedures while carrying out my job.
(Saya mematuhi peraturan dan prosedur keselamatan yang betul semasa melaksanakan pekerjaan)
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39. I ensure the highest levels of safety when I carry out my job.
(Saya memastikan tahap keselamatan yang paling tinggi semasa melaksanakan pekerjaan)
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40. Occasionally due to lack of time, I deviate from correct and safe work procedures.
(Kadang-kadang kerana kesuntukan masa, saya menyimpang dari prosedur kerja yang betul dan selamat)
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41. Occasionally due to over familiarity with the job, I
deviate from correct and safe work procedures. 1 2 3 4 5
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(Oleh kerana sangat terbiasa dengan pekerjaan, saya kadang kala menyimpang daripada prosedur kerja yang betul dan selamat)
42. It is not always practical to follow all safety rules and procedures while doing a job.
(Bukanlah sesuatu yang praktikal untuk sentiasa mematuhi kesemua peraturan dan prosedur semasa melaksanakan pekerjaan)
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