The copyright © of this thesis belongs to its rightful author and/or other copyright owner. Copies can be accessed and downloaded for non-commercial or learning purposes without any charge and permission. The thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted as a whole without the permission from its rightful owner. No alteration or changes in format is allowed without permission from its rightful owner.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SAFETY COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOR
AMONG LABORATORY PERSONNEL IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
NURUL FATIN BINTI MD RODZI
MASTER OF SCIENCE
(OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT) UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
JULY 2020
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SAFETY COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOR
AMONG LABORATORY PERSONNEL IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
By
NURUL FATIN BINTI MD RODZI
Thesis Submitted to
School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia,
in Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
Master of Occupational Safety and Health Management
i
Permission to Use
In presenting this thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from Universiti Utara Malaysia, I agree that the Universiti Library may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for the copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purpose may be granted by my su- pervisor(s) or, in their absence, by the Dean of School of Business Management. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission.
It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to Universiti Utara Malaysia for any scholarly use which may be made of any material from my thesis.
Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of materials in this thesis, in whole or in part, should be addressed to:
Dean of School of Business Management Universiti Utara Malaysia
06010 UUM Sintok
ii
Abstract
This study aims to determine the relationship between safety management practices and safety compliance behaviour among laboratory personnel in Northern region.
The safety management practices are management commitment, safety training, safety communication and feedback, employees’ involvement, safety rules and procedures and safety promotion policies. The quantitative survey using questionnaires adapted from the previous studies was used in this study. A total of 134 laboratory personnel at five laboratory in Northern region were involved in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics via IBM SPSS Statistics.From the study, management commitment, workers involvement, safety training, safety communication and feedback and safety promotion policies were not have significant relationship with safety compliance behaviour among laboratory personnel. Meanwhile, only safety rules and procedure have significant relationship between safety compliance behaviour among laboratory personnel. Finally, managerial and theoretical implications are discussed and recommendations for future researchers.
Keywords: Safety management practices, safety compliance behavior, laboratory personnel.
iii
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara amalan pengurusan keselamatan dan tingkah laku pematuhan keselamatan di kalangan kakitangan makmal di wilayah Utara. Amalan pengurusan keselamatan adalah komitmen pengurusan, latihan keselamatan, komunikasi keselamatan dan maklum balas, penglibatan pekerja, peraturan dan prosedur keselamatan dan polisi promosi keselamatan. Tinjauan kuantitatif menggunakan soal selidik yang disesuaikan dari kajian sebelumnya digunakan dalam kajian ini. Seramai 134 pegawai makmal di lima makmal di wilayah Utara terlibat dalam kajian ini. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif melalui Statistik IBM SPSS. Dari kajian, komitmen pengurusan, penglibatan pekerja, latihan keselamatan, komunikasi keselamatan dan maklum balas dan dasar promosi keselamatan tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan tingkah laku pematuhan keselamatan di kalangan kakitangan makmal. Sementara itu, hanya peraturan keselamatan dan prosedur mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkah laku pematuhan keselamatan di kalangan kakitangan makmal. Akhirnya, implikasi pengurusan dan teori dibincangkan dan cadangan untuk penyelidik masa depan.
Kata kunci: Amalan pengurusan, pematuhan keselamatan, pekerja makmal.
iv
Acknowledgements
First and formost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and thanks for my supervisor, Dr. Zuraida Binti Hassan for her encouragement, guidance, advice, teaching and help throughout this project. I am especially grateful for her assisstance in all the time of research and writing of this thesis.
Additionaly, I would aslo express my gratitude and thanks for College of Business (COB), Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Malaysia, for their constructive comments and invaluable suggestion.
To my husband, my mother, brothers, sisters, my children and all my family members, thank you so much for your encouragement and financial support.
Last but not least, I would also like to express my deepest thanks to all my classmates, for their constant encouragement and advice. This thesis would not have been possible without their help and support.
v
Table of Contents
Permission to Use ... i
Abstract ... ii
Abstrak ... iii
Acknowledgements ... iv
Table of Contents ... v
List of Tables ... viii
List of Figures ... ix
List of Appendices ... x
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION... 1
1.1 Background of the study ... 1
1.3 Research Questions... 7
1.4 Research Objectives ... 7
1.5 Scop of The Study ... 8
1.6 Significance of The Study ... 8
1.7 Definition of Key Term ... 9
1.8 Organization of The Thesis ... 10
1.9 Conclusion ... 11
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW ... 12
2.1 Safety Compliance Behavior ... 12
2.2 Safety Management Practices ... 13
2.2.1 Management Commitment ... 14
2.2.2 Workers Involvement ... 15
2.2.3 Safety Training ... 15
2.2.4 Safety Communication and Feedback ... 16
2.2.5 Safety Rules and Procedure ... 16
2.2.6 Safety Promotion Policies ... 16
2.3 The Relationship between Safety Compliance Behavior and Safety Management Practice... 17
2.3.1 The Relationship between Safety Compliance Behavior and Management Commitment ... 17
2.3.2 The Relationship between Safety Compliance Behavior and Workers Involvement ... 18
2.3.3 The relationship between Safety Compliance Behavior and Safety Training ... 19
2.3.4 The relationship between Safety Compliance Behavior and Safety Communication and Feedback ... 19
2.3.5 The relationship between Safety Compliance Behavior and Safety rules and Procedure ... 20
vi
2.3.6 The relationship between Safety Compliance Behavior
and Safety Promotion Policies ... 21
2.4 Underpinning Theory ... 21
2.5 Framework Development ... 22
2.6 Conclusion ... 23
CHAPTER THREE MOTHODOLOGY ... 24
3.1 Research Framework ... 24
3.2 Hypothesis Development ... 25
3.2.1 The Relationship between Safety Compliance Behavior and Safety Management Practice ... 25
3.2.2 The Relationship between Safety Compliance Behaviour and Management Commitment ... 26
3.2.3 The Relationship between Safety Compliance Behaviour and Workers Involvement ... 26
3.2.4 The relationship between Safety Compliance Behaviour and Safety Training ... 27
3.2.5 The relationship between Safety Compliance behaviour and Safety Communication and Feedback ... 28
3.2.6 The relationship between Safety Compliance Behaviour and Safety rules and Procedure ... 29
3.2.7 The relationship between Safety Compliance Behaviour and Safety Promotion Policies ... 29
3.3 Research Design ... 30
3.4 Operational Definition ... 31
3.5 Measurement of Variable ... 32
3.6 Sampling Technique ... 38
3.6.1 Population and Sample ... 38
3.6.2 Sample size ... 38
3.7 Data Collection Procedure ... 39
3.8 Data Analysis Procedure ... 40
3.9 Pilot Test ... 40
3.10 Validity and Reliability ... 41
3.11 Conclusion ... 42
CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ... 43
4.1 Introduction ... 43
4.2 Response Rate... 43
4.3 Respondent's Demographic Background ... 44
4.4 Reliability Analysis ... 46
4.5 Descriptive Analysis of Variables ... 47
4.6 Pearson Correlation Analysis ... 49
4.7 Hypothesis Testing ... 51
vii
4.8 Summary ... 53
CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ... 54
5.1 Introduction ... 54
5.2 Recapitulation of Result ... 54
5.3 Discussion ... 55
5.3.1 Management Commitment and Safety Compliance Behavior ... 55
5.3.2 Workers Involvement and Safety Compliance Behavior ... 56
5.3.3 Safety Training and Safety Compliance Behavior ... 56
5.3.4 Safety Communication and Feedback and Safety Compliance Behavior ... 57
5.3.5 Safety Rules and Procedure and Safety Compliance Behavior ... 58
5.3.6 Safety Promotion Policies and Safety Compliance Behavior ... 59
5.4 Implication of Study ... 60
5.4.1 Managerial Implications ... 60
5.4.2 Theoretical Implications ... 62
5.5 Limitation of Research ... 63
5.6 Recommendation for Other Researchers ... 64
5.7 Conclusion ... 66
REFERENCES ... 67
APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRE ... 70
APPENDIX B: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ... 75
APPENDIX C: RELIABILITY ANALYSIS ... 77
APPENDIX D: CORRELATION ANALYSIS ... 79
APPENDIX E: MULTIPLE REGRESSION... 81
APPENDIX F: TURNITIN ... 83
viii
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Status Report on the Number of Malaysian Laboratories Accredited by Standards
Malaysia as of 31 January 2019 3
Table 3.1 Operational Definition 31
Table 3.2 Measurement of Variables or Instrumentation 32
Table 3.3 Pilot Study 41
Table 4.1 Response Rate 43
Table 4.2 Descriptive Statistics of Participants
Demographic Factors 45
Table 4.3 Reliability Analysis 47
Table 4.4 Descriptive of Variables 48
Table 4.5 Correlation Analysis 50
Table 4.6 Model Summary 51
Table 4.7 Multiple Regression Result on Safety Compliance 52
Table 4.8 Hypotheses Results 52
ix
List of Figures
Figure 2.1. Research Framework of the present study 23 Figure 3.1 Research Framework of the present study 25 Figure 3.2 The Output of a Priori Power Analysis 39
x
List of Appendices
Appendix A Questionnaire 70
Appendix B Descriptive Statistics 75
Appendix C Reliability Analysis 77
Appendix D Correlation Analysis 79
Appendix E Multiple Regression 81
Appendix F Turnitin 83
1
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
This chapter outlines the background of the study. Next, the scope and limitations of the study and organization of the project paper will be discussed. In the last part of this chapter, a brief description of the purpose of the remaining chapters is presented, such as the problem statement, research questions, research objectives, and significance of the study.
1.1 Background of the study
In the 21st century, managing occupational safety and health become the main management agenda for the organization in all employment sectors, including the laboratory services sector. This agenda was essential because efficient and effective management related to safety and occupational health in the organization increase the awareness, quality, and safety behavior (Hossain, Tarannum & Chowdhury, 2015). Also, problems and underlying causes related to job insecurity can be recognized effectually (Hon, Chan & Yam, 2014).
Hence, managing occupational safety and health also associated with laboratory services, either in the industrial, health care, scientific research institutions, or universities. Working in the laboratory may cause harm to laboratory personnel due to risky surroundings thus need more attention. Individual work in the laboratory is referred to as laboratory personnel. Laboratory personnel is a person who performs practical hands-on work in laboratories. Laboratory personnel works with a wide variety of fields such as medicine, biology, chemistry, electronics, geology, and the environment.
67
REFERENCES
Baizura Zubir, Fazidah Saad, Wan Faradiana Wan Maidin, & Mohd Riduan Jamaludin. (2016). Safety and health awareness among staff and students in workshop and laboratory of an engineering technology university campus.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 5(3), 285- 288.
Barling, J. (2001). Management practices affect occupational safety. Ontario, Canada: School of Business, Queen’s University.
Chandrakantan Subramaniam, Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin, Md Lazim Mohd Zin, Subramaniam Sri Ramalu, Z. H. (2014). Safety management practices and safety compliance in small medium enterprise: mediating role safety perticipation.
Cheyne, A. J.., & Cox, S., (2000). Assessing safety culture in offshore environments.
Safety Science, 34, 111–129.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An Interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602.
David A. Hofmann, Rick Jacobs, and F. L. (1995). High reliability process industries: individual micro, and macroorganizational influences on safety
performance. J Safety Res, 26(1), 131–149.
https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzw145.
Dilley, H. dan Kleiner, B.H. (1996). Creating a Culture of Safety. Work Study. Vol.
45(3): pp. 5-8.
Dov Zohar. (1980). Safety Climate in Industrial Organizations: Theoretical and Applied Implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(1), 96–102.
Faridah. (2009). Journal of Community Health 2009: Vol 15 Number 2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE. Journal of Community Health, 15(2), 43–59.
Hon, C. K. H, Chan, A.P.C, & Yam, M.C.H. (2014). Relationship between safety climate and safety performance of building repair, maintenance, minor alteration, and addition (RMAA) works. Safety Science, 65, 10-19.
68
Hossain, M.A., Hossain, M.M., Tarannum, S., & Chowdhury, T.H. (2015). Factors affecting OSH practices in private universities: an empirical study from Bangladesh. Safety Science, 72, 371-378.
J Zakaria, CR Che Hassan, MD Hamid, EH Sukadarin - Process safety progress, 2020.
Labodova, A. (2004). Implementing integrated management systems using a risk analysis based approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12, 571-580.
Marín, L. S., Lipscomb, H., Cifuentes, M., & Punnett, L. (2017). Associations between safety climate and safety management practices in the construction industry. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 60(6), 557–568. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22723.
Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 946–
953. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.946.
Neal, A., Griffin, M. A., & Hart, P. M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34(1–3), 99- 109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00008-4.
Settoon, R. P., Bennett, N., & Liden, R. C. (1996). Social exchange in organizations:
Perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, and employee reciprocity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(3), 219–227.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.219.
Subramaniam, C., Zin, M. L. M., & Nadir, S. R. (2013). Hubungan Amalan Pengurusan Keselamatan dengan Pematuhan Keselamatan Pekerjaan di Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia (Relationship between Safety Management Practices and Job Safety Compliance in Fire and Rescue Department Malaysia). Jurnal Pengurusan (UKM Journal of Management), 37(December 2015), 133–142.
Vinodkumar, M. N., & Bhasi, M. (2010). Safety management practices and safety behaviour: Assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(6), 2082–2093.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.06.021.
69
Vredenburgh, A. G. (2002). Organizational safety. Journal of Safety Research, 33(2), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4375(02)00016-6.
Zitty Sarah Ismail, Kadir Ariffin, & Kadaruddin Aiyub. (2015). Promoting OSHA at higher institutions: Assessment of level of safety awareness among laboratory users. Taylor’s Business Review, 5(2), 155-164.
70
APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRE
RESPONDENT NO:
UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
Graduate School of Business Management
I am Nurul Fatin binti Md Rodzi, student part time in Master of Science (Occupational Safety and Health Management) from the Universiti Utara Malaysia are conducting a research Relationship between Safety Management Practices and Job Safety Compliance among Laboratory personnel. I would appreciate if you would complete this questionnaire. I hope you can spare some time and help me in answering several questions that I have prepared in order to help my studies. All of your information is confidential. Your cooperation is kindly appreciated. Thank you.
Sincerely yours,
Nurul Fatin binti Md Rodzi 823655
Master in Science (Occupational Safety and Health Management)
71
Cirle the most appropriate response number for you beside each item, using the scale below.
1 = Strongly disagree
2 = Disagree 3 = Neither disagree nor agree
3 = Agree 4 = Strongly agree
STATEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
Section A : Management Commitment 1. Safety is given high priority by the management
1 2 3 4 5
2. Safety rules and procedures are strictly followed by
the management 1 2 3 4 5
3. Corrective action is always taken when the
management is told about unsafe practices 1 2 3 4 5 4. In my workplace managers/supervisors show interest
in the safety of workers 1 2 3 4 5
5. Management considers safety to be equally
important as production 1 2 3 4 5
6. Members of the management attend safety meetings
1 2 3 4 5
7. I feel that management is willing to compromise on
safety for increasing production. 1 2 3 4 5
8. When near-miss accidents are reported, my
management acts quickly to solve the problems 1 2 3 4 5 9. My company provides sufficient personal protective
equipments (PPE) for the workers. 1 2 3 4 5
STATEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
Section B : Safety Training
1. My company gives comprehensive training to the employees in workplace health and safety issues.
1 2 3 4 5
2. Newly recruits are trained adequately to learn safety
rules and procedures. 1 2 3 4 5
3. Safety issues are given high priority in training
programmes. 1 2 3 4 5
4. I am adequately trained to respond to emergency
situations in my workplace. 1 2 3 4 5
5. Management encourages the workers to attend safety
training programmes. 1 2 3 4 5
6. Safety training given to me is adequate to enable to
me to assess hazards in workplace. 1 2 3 4 5
72
STATEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
Section C : Worker’s Involvement 1. Management always welcomes opinion from
employees before making final decisions on safety
related matters. 1 2 3 4 5
2. My company has safety committees consisting of
representatives of management and employees. 1 2 3 4 5 3. Management promotes employees involvement in
safety related matters 1 2 3 4 5
4. Management consults with employees regularly
about workplace health and safety issues. 1 2 3 4 5 5. Employees sincerely participate in identifying safety
problems 1 2 3 4 5
STATEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
Section D : Safety communication and feedback 1. My company have a hazard reporting system where
employees can communicate hazard information before incidents occur.
1 2 3 4 5
2. Management operates an open door policy on safety
issues. 1 2 3 4 5
3. There is sufficient opportunity to discuss and deal
with safety issues in meetings. 1 2 3 4 5
4. The target and goals for safety performance in my
organization are clear to the workers. 1 2 3 4 5 5. There is open communications about safety issues in
this workplace. 1 2 3 4 5
STATEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
Section E : Safety rules and procedures 1. The safety rules and procedures followed in my
company are sufficient to prevent incidents
occurring. 1 2 3 4 5
2. The facilities in the safety department are adequate
to meet the needs of my organization. 1 2 3 4 5
3. My supervisors and managers always try to enforce
safe working procedures. 1 2 3 4 5
4. Safety inspections are carried out regularly.
1 2 3 4 5
73 5. The safety procedures and practices in this
organization are useful and effective. 1 2 3 4 5
STATEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
Section F : Safety promotion policies 1. In my company safe conduct is considered as a
positive factor for job promotions. 1 2 3 4 5 2. In my company employees are rewarded for
reporting safety hazards (thanked, cash or other
rewards, recognition in news letter, etc.) 1 2 3 4 5 3. In my company safety week celebration and
other safety promotional activities arranged by the management are very effective in creating safety awareness among the workers.
1 2 3 4 5
4. There exists very healthy competition among the employees to find out and report unsafe
condition and acts. 1 2 3 4 5
5. Our supervisor becomes very unhappy and angry when employees find out and report
unsafe conditions and acts in our section 1 2 3 4 5
STATEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
Section G :Safety compliance 1. I use all necessary safety equipments to do my
job. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I carry out my work in a safe manner.
1 2 3 4 5
3. I follow correct safety rules and procedures
while carrying out my job. 1 2 3 4 5
4. I ensure the highest levels of safety when I
carry out my job. 1 2 3 4 5
5. Occasionally due to lack of time, I deviate from
correct and safe work procedures. 1 2 3 4 5 6. Occasionally due to over familiarity with the
job, I deviate from correct and safe work
procedures. 1 2 3 4 5
7. It is not always practical to follow all safety
rules and procedures while doing a job. 1 2 3 4 5
74 Section H: Personal Details
Instructions: Please tick ( / ) in the appropriate box.
1. Gender
Male Female
2. Age
< 25 years old 36- 45 years old
25- 35 years old > 45 years old
3. Education Level
Bachelor‟s Degree Master‟s Degree
PhD
4. Working Experience
< 1 years 6-10 years
1-5 years >10 years
6. Job Position
Entry level Middle level management
Intermediate/Experience level Senior,Top Management,Chief First Level Management
6. Nature of Company Business
Engineering Pharmaceutical/Cosmetic
Biotechnology Manufacturing
75
APPENDIX B: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid MALE 45 33.6 33.6 33.6
FEMALE 89 66.4 66.4 100.0
Total 134 100.0 100.0
Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid MALE 45 33.6 33.6 33.6
FEMALE 89 66.4 66.4 100.0
Total 134 100.0 100.0
Education level
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid Bachelors degree 100 74.6 74.6 74.6
Masters Degree 15 11.2 11.2 85.8
PhD 5 3.7 3.7 89.6
Other 14 10.4 10.4 100.0
Total 134 100.0 100.0
Working experience
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid <1 years 24 17.9 17.9 17.9
1-5 years 41 30.6 30.6 48.5
6 - 10 years 29 21.6 21.6 70.1
> 10 years 40 29.9 29.9 100.0
Total 134 100.0 100.0
76 Job position
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid Entry Level 29 21.6 21.6 21.6
Intermediate/Experience Level
41 30.6 30.6 52.2
First Level Management 40 29.9 29.9 82.1
Middle Level Management 8 6.0 6.0 88.1
Senior,Executive,Top Management and Chief
16 11.9 11.9 100.0
Total 134 100.0 100.0
Nature of company
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid Engineering 14 10.4 10.4 10.4
Biotechnology 76 56.7 56.7 67.2
Pharmaceutical/Cosmetics 20 14.9 14.9 82.1
Manufacturing 8 6.0 6.0 88.1
OTHER 16 11.9 11.9 100.0
Total 134 100.0 100.0
77
APPENDIX C: RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
C1 : Management Commitment Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha Based on
Standardized Items
N of Items
.709 .778 9
C2 : Safety Training
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha Based on
Standardized Items
N of Items
.788 .829 6
C3 : Workers Involvement Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha Based on
Standardized Items
N of Items
.694 .734 5
C4 : Safety Communication and Feedback Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha Based on
Standardized Items
N of Items
.627 .701 4
78 C5 : Safety Rules and Procedure
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha Based on
Standardized Items
N of Items
.697 .733 5
C6 : Safety Promotion Policies
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha Based on
Standardized Items
N of Items
.806 .802 4
C7 : Safety Compliance
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha Based on
Standardized Items
N of Items
.611 .739 5
79
APPENDIX D: CORRELATION ANALYSIS
Correlations
MANAGEMEN TCOMMITMEN T
SAFETYTRAIN ING
WORKERSINV OLVEMENT
SAFETYCOM MUNICATION ANDFEEDBACK
SAFETYRULE SANDPROCE DURE
SAFETYPROM OTIONPOLICI ES
SAFETYCOMP LIANCE
MANAGEMENTCOMMITM ENT
Pearson Correlation
1 .590** .685** .651** .602** .473** .319**
Sig. (2- tailed)
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 134 134 134 134 134 134 134
SAFETYTRAINING Pearson Correlation
.590** 1 .703** .741** .703** .605** .409**
Sig. (2- tailed)
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 134 134 134 134 134 134 134
WORKERSINVOLVEMEN T
Pearson Correlation
.685** .703** 1 .751** .772** .618** .327**
Sig. (2- tailed)
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 134 134 134 134 134 134 134
SAFETYCOMMUNICATIO NANDFEEDBACK
Pearson Correlation
.651** .741** .751** 1 .792** .744** .412**
Sig. (2- tailed)
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 134 134 134 134 134 134 134
SAFETYRULESANDPRO Pearson Correlation
.602** .703** .772** .792** 1 .595** .458**
80
CEDURE
Sig. (2- tailed)
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 134 134 134 134 134 134 134
SAFETYPROMOTIONPOL ICIES
Pearson Correlation
.473** .605** .618** .744** .595** 1 .339**
Sig. (2- tailed)
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 134 134 134 134 134 134 134
SAFETYCOMPLIANCE Pearson Correlation
.319** .409** .327** .412** .458** .339** 1
Sig. (2- tailed)
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 134 134 134 134 134 134 134
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
81
APPENDIX E: MULTIPLE REGRESSION
E1 : Model Summary
Model Summaryb
R
Square Adjust ed R Square
Std. Error of the Estimate
C h a n g e S ta ti st ic s Mod
el
R R
Squa re Cha nge
F Change
d f 1
d f 2
Sig. F Change
1 .49
1a
.2 41
.205 2.130
80
.241 6.719 6 12
7 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), SAFETYPROMOTIONPOLICIES,
MANAGEMENTCOMMITMENT, SAFETYTRAINING,
SAFETYRULESANDPROCEDURE, WORKERSINVOLVEMENT, SAFETYCOMMUNICATIONANDFEEDBACK
b. Dependent Variable: SAFETYCOMPLIANCE
E2 : ANOVA
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 183.031 6 30.505 6.719 .000b
Residual 576.618 127 4.540
Total 759.649 133
a. Dependent Variable: SAFETYCOMPLIANCE
b. Predictors: (Constant), SAFETYPROMOTIONPOLICIES, MANAGEMENTCOMMITMENT, SAFETYTRAINING,
SAFETYRULESANDPROCEDURE, WORKERSINVOLVEMENT, SAFETYCOMMUNICATIONANDFEEDBACK
82 E3 : Coefficients
Coefficients
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
t Sig.
Model B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 11.610 1.405 8.263 .000
MANAGEMENTCOMMITM ENT
.034 .051 .074 .661 .510
SAFETYTRAINING .111 .079 .176 1.413 .160
WORKERSINVOLVEMENT -.172 .113 -.218 -1.520 .131
SAFETYCOMMUNICATIO NANDFEEDBACK
.032 .153 .035 .213 .832
SAFETYRULESANDPROC EDURE
.310 .116 .384 2.684 .008
SAFETYPROMOTIONPOLI CIES
.061 .093 .077 .654 .515
a. Dependent Variable: SAFETYCOMPLIANCE
83