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FIRE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY IN SELANGOR

By

MOHAMAD JASWAN BIN ALIAS

Report submitted to School of Business Management

Universiti Utara Malaysia,

in Fulfilment of Requirement for the Degree of Master of Occupational Safety and Health Management

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FIRE SAFETY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING: A CASE STUDY IN SELANGOR

MOHAMAD JASWAN BIN ALIAS

Report submitted in fulfillment of requirement for the award of the Master Degree of Occupational Safety and Health Management

Faculty of Science

UNIVERSITY UTARA MALAYSIA

DECEMBER 2020

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SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that I have checked this project and in my opinion, this project is adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the Master Degree of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) with honours.

Signature :

Name of Supervisor : ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR MADYA DR FADZLI SHAH BIN ABD AZIZ

Date : DECEMBER 2020

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STUDENT DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work in this project is my own expect for quotations and summaries which have been duly acknowledged. The project has not been accepted for my degree and is not concurrently submitted for award of other degree.

Signature :

Name : MOHAMAD JASWAN BIN ALIAS

ID Number : 690621065239001 Date : DECEMBER 2020

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v Dedicated To

My Parents;

Noryati Binti Sapien and

Jamilah Binti Mat Taib

My Siblings;

and

All my beloved friends that always help and support me

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly I would like to thanks a lot to ALLAH S.W.T for His blessing because give me a strength to finish up my final year project entitled “ Fire Safety Residential Building: A Case Study in Selangor”. Although there have difficulties in finishing it but because of the support from the supervisor and others I finally honored my vision and mission successfully even though the challenging is tougher.

Indeed I would like to express the deepest appreciations to my supervisor Associate Professor Madya Dr Fadzli Shah Bin Abd Aziz and Associate Professor Dr Wan Shakizah Binti Wan Mohd Noor for his/her guidance, ideas, patience, support and motivation toward me to finish up this research. My Lovely Wife Noryati Binti Sapien and my Mother Jamilah Binti MatTaib similarly not forgetting the most special appreciation goes to En. Izarudin bin Ideris, My sister Miss Nur Ain binti Zaidin, My Auntie Mrs Normah binti Mat Taib and My step father Haji Zaidin bin Ngah.

I also would like to thanks again to my beloved parents and my siblings, who always pray for the best for me and always motivated when I fell depression. Other than that, special thanks to all my friends who help me directly or indirectly in finishing this research. May Allah bless all of you.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to University Utara Malaysia (UUM) for giving me a chance to further my study here. Without their support, my ambition to study in Master Level will hardly to realize. It was a wonderful place to work and they are very dedicated people. I gained so much from it. Furthermore, specially thanks to the academic, management and technical staff in Faculty of Science in UUM. I dedicated my special thanks to all people who those I met with, for their openness, friendship and hospitality.

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vii ABSTRACT

The fire accidents are always occurring in our surrounding and it is a quite big disaster because the fire will lead to many bad effects such as damage to property, effects to human health and effects to environment. Fires in Residential buildings are most difficult for fire fighters to control and at the same time are dangerous to fire fighters and human life. Fires Residential Buildings can be more complicated to manage as the number of building occupants is large near to urban and big city. This study attempts to help people who are living in a Residential Buildings so that they become more aware of fire hazard. Thus, this study was carried out by interviewing several officers who are experts about fire and data gathered from Balai Kota Anggerik, Bukit Jelutong Fire and Rescue Department. The results for several types of buildings that are related to fire from year 2014 until 2019 is a Terrace Houses have the highest percentage which is 24.54%.

Then, the lowest percentages are Cinema, Pub/Bar, Temple, Church, Farm and shopping complex followed by second lowest which are hospitals and schools. The value of percentage is 0 % and 0.74% respectively. While the results for several types of a building that is related to fire from year 2014 until 2019 shows that shop have the 10.54% of fire that occur followed by Residential House which is 10.05 % and Factory 7.75 % respectively. The lowest percentage is Cinema which is 0.02 % and the second lowest is Private Secondary School and Church which is 0.03%. The results show that the highest factor of causes fire cases from year 2014 until 2019 is the “other sources” which is 90.20 % followed by “electrical factor” which is 4.46 %. Therefore, there is appropriate for policy maker to make improvement as well this study intend to improve the behaviours of people who live in a Terrace House so that fire case can be reduce or avoided by giving recommendations such as giving annual briefing to the building users, providing escape plan, conduct awareness campaign and also establish emergency response team (ERT) in Residential Buildings area.

Keywords: Fire Accident to Residential Buildings, Interviewing Fire Fighting Officer, Data Gathered, Higher Related Percentage Fire Cases to Building, Main Causes Fire Cases, ERT

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viii ABSTRAK

Kemalangan kebakaran selalu berlaku di sekitar kita dan ia adalah bencana yang cukup besar kerana kebakaran akan mengakibatkan banyak kesan buruk seperti kerosakan harta benda, kesan terhadap kesihatan manusia dan kesan terhadap alam sekitar. Kebakaran di bangunan Kediaman adalah yang paling sukar dikawal oleh anggota bomba dan pada masa yang sama berbahaya bagi anggota bomba dan nyawa manusia. Bangunan Kediaman Kebakaran boleh menjadi lebih rumit untuk dikendalikan kerana jumlah penghuni bangunan adalah besar berhampiran dengan bandar dan bandar besar. Kajian ini cuba menolong orang yang tinggal di Bangunan Kediaman agar mereka lebih menyedari bahaya kebakaran. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan dengan menemu ramah beberapa pegawai yang pakar mengenai kebakaran dan data yang dikumpulkan dari Balai Kota Anggerik, Balai Bomba dan Penyelamat Bukit Jelutong.Hasil untuk beberapa jenis bangunan yang berkaitan dengan kebakaran dari tahun 2014 hingga 2019 adalah Rumah Teres mempunyai peratusan tertinggi iaitu 24.54%. Kemudian, peratusan terendah adalah Pawagam, Pub / Bar, Kuil, Gereja, Ladang dan kompleks membeli-belah diikuti dengan terendah kedua iaitu hospital dan sekolah. Nilai peratusan masing-masing 0% dan 0.74%. Sementara hasil untuk beberapa jenis bangunan yang berkaitan dengan kebakaran dari tahun 2014 hingga 2019 menunjukkan bahawa kedai mempunyai 10.54% kebakaran yang terjadi diikuti oleh Rumah Kediaman yang masing-masing adalah 10.05% dan Kilang 7.75%. Peratusan terendah adalah Cinema iaitu 0,02%

dan terendah kedua adalah Sekolah Menengah Swasta dan Gereja yang 0,03%. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor penyebab kes kebakaran tertinggi dari tahun 2014 hingga 2019 adalah “sumber lain” iaitu 90.20% diikuti oleh “faktor elektrik” iaitu 4.46%. Oleh itu, ada baiknya pembuat dasar membuat penambahbaikan juga kerana kajian ini bermaksud untuk memperbaiki tingkah laku orang yang tinggal di Rumah Teres agar kes kebakaran dapat dikurangkan atau dielakkan dengan memberikan cadangan seperti memberi taklimat tahunan kepada pengguna bangunan, menyediakan rancangan melarikan diri, menjalankan kempen kesedaran dan juga menubuhkan pasukan tindak balas kecemasan (ERT) di kawasan Bangunan Kediaman.

Kata Kunci: Kemalangan Kebakaran di Bangunan Kediaman, Menemuduga Pegawai Pemadam Kebakaran, Mengumpul Data, Hubungan Peratusan Tertinggi Kes Kebakaran di Bangunan, Penyebab Utama kes Kebakaran, ERT.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS ix

LIST OF TABLES xiii

LIST OF FIGURES xiv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Background of Study 1

1.3 Problem Statement 5 1.4 Research Question 9 1.5 Research Objective 9 1.6 Significance of the Study 10

1.7 Scope of Study 11

1.8 Arrangement of Thesis 12 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 13

2.2 Meaning of Fire 13 2.3 Nature of Fire 15

2.4 Fire Spreading in Building 16

2.5 Fire hazard to Residential and High Rise Buildings 18

2.6 Causes of fire in High Rise and Residential Buildings 19

2.7 Defining of Residential and High Rise Buildings 22

2.71 Definition of a Residential Buildings 22

2.72 Definition of a High Rise Buildings 24

2.8 Defining Fire Safety 27

2.9 Fire Safety Management Background 29

2.10 Review of Laws and Regulations 31

2.10.1 Active Fire Protection 33

2.10.2 Portable Fire Extinguisher 33

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2.10.3 Fire Alarm and Protection System 36

2.10.4 Automatic Sprinkler System 37

2.10.5 Dry Riser System 37

2.10.6 Wet Riser System 38

2.10.7 Hose Reel System 39

2.10.8 Fire Hydrant 39

2.10.9 Foam Inlets 40

2.10.10 Electrical Isolation Switch 40

2.10.11 Voice Communication System 40

2.10.12 Fire Fighting Access Lobbies 41

2.10.13 Fire Lift 41

2.10.14 Smoke and Heat Venting 41

2.10.15 Emergency and Power System 42

2.11 Summary 42

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 43

3.2 Overview of Research Methodology and Design 43 3.2.1 Reason for using Case Study 43

3.3 Population 44

3.4 Sample Size 45

3.5 Primary and Secondary Data 45

3.6 Sampling of Technique 46

3.7 Development of Instrument 46

3.8 Data collection 47

3.8.1 Semi-Structured Interview 48

3.8.2 Interview Question 50

3.8.3 Interview Procedure 51

3.9 Data Storage 51

3.10 Data Analysis 52

3.10.1 Data Analysis Procedure 52

3.11 Ethical Considerations 53

3.12 Summary 54

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CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction 55

4.1.1 Population Demographic 55 4.2 Frequency of Reference Fire Buildings in Selangor 58

4.2.1 The reason of high frequency of Fire cases at Residential

Buildings in Selangor 60 4.2.2 Statistic of ten years fire cases at Residential Buildings in

Selangor 60 4.2.3 A number of fire cases involving in Residential Buildings 63 4.2.4 Types of fire Buildings involved base on ten years

experienced 65 4.2.5 Common problem when dealing with fire at Residential

Buildings 70 4.3 Identify the common causes and solution to improved of fire in

Residential Buildings 72 4.3.1 The common causes of the fire breakouts in Residential

Buildings 73 4.3.2 Based on question (1), the solutions to improved of fire

in Residential Buildings 77 4.4 To identify the best practices in managing the fire to Buildings

in Selangor 79 4.4.1 For this instance, the methods that fire department use

for fire prevention at Buildings 80 4.4.2 The method in question (1) is effective in reduce and

prevent the fire from occurs 84 4.5 Summary 87

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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction 88

5.2 Re-Cap of the Study 88

5.3 The reason of high frequency of Fire cases at Residential Buildings in Selangor 89

5.3.1 Statistic of ten years fire cases at Residential Buildings in Selangor 89

5.3.2 A number of fire cases involving in Residential Buildings 90

5.3.3 Types of fire Buildings involved base on ten years experienced 92

5.3.4 Common problem when dealing with fire at Residential Buildings 93

5.4 Identify the common causes and solution to improved of fire in Residential Buildings 95

5.4.1 The common causes of the fire breakouts in Residential Buildings 95

5.4.2 Based on question (1), the solutions to improved of fire in Residential Buildings 96

5.5 To identify the best practices in managing the fire to Buildings in Selangor 98

5.5.1 For this instance, the methods that fire department use for fire prevention at Buildings 98

5.5.2 In your opinion, the method in question (1) is effective In reduce and prevent the fire from occurs 100

5.6 Contribution of Study 101

5.7 Limitation of the Study 102

5.8 Recommendation for Future Research 103

5.9 Conclusion 104

REFERENCES 107

APPENDIX 114

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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

1.1 Type of Fire Cases in a year 2018 to 2019 4

1.2 Fire Cases Buildings in Selangor From Year 2014 until 5

December 2019 2.1 Types of Portable Fire Extinguisher 35

3.1 Interview Question 50

4.1 Demographic and profile of the participant 57

4.2 Frequency of reference factor fire Buildings in Selangor 58

4.3 The reason of high frequency of fire cases at Residential Buildings in Selangor 60

4.4 Showing Fire Cases related to Buildings in Selangor 68

4.5 Identify the common causes and solution to improved of Fire in Residential Buildings in Selangor 72

4.6 Showing causes of fire related to Buildings in Selangor Darul Ehsan 75

4.7 To identify the best practices in managing the fire to Buildings in Selangor 79

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

1.1 Fire Breakouts in Building Structure in Selangor 6

1.2 Total Causes Number of Fire in a Year 2014 to 2019 7

2.1 Fire Triangle 15

2.2 Typical Fire Progression 16

2.3 Fire behaviour in compartment 17

2.4 Home fires Involving electrical distribution of lighting equipment 20

2.5 Home cooking Equipment Fires by Equipment Involve in Ignition 21

2.6 Definition High Rise by ASHRAE (1997) and Cook (1990) 27

3.1 Interview session process flow 49

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1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

This study begins with Chapter 1. explains the general ideas on how these researches were conducted which presents the background of study, the problem statement, research question and research objectives, the significance, scope of the study, the key terms as well as the organisation of chapters. This study focuses on fire breakouts in buildings, cases and causes in Selangor through the practice in actual situation of the fire occurred in the districts of the state of Selangor.

This was done by investigating the reasons and data gathered from Fire and Rescue Department Station Kota Anggerik, Bukit Jelutong, identifying the solutions and the best practices in improvement and to reduce the fire occurrence specifically in a State of Selangor.

1.2 Background of Study

Fire is one of the most famous topics around us. It is an unavoidable part of our daily lives and has increasingly become a major risk on the quality of lives. The fire was an important, essential and useful resource to the human being to carry out daily activities such as food preparation. However, it could be bringing casualties to a human when they neglected it can happen anywhere and anytime without knowing and choosing the victims (Mauch,R.2017).Fire is also happens at many industries because of a lot of factors such as their electrical system, production system, burning of oil andalso because of chemical. At the same time, the knowledge

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APPENDIX 1

IINTERVIEW QUESTIONAIRE `

Questionaire Form ( BorangSoal –Selidik )

Title : Fire Residential Building: A Case Study in Selangor.

(Kajian mengenai Kebakaran berkaitan dengan Bangunan Kediaman di Selangor) Name :

(Nama) Age:

(Umur)

Position : (Jawatan) Years of Work :

( Berapa tahun bekerja )

A. The reason of high frequency of fire cases at Residential Building in Selangor (Sebab Kekerapan tinggi kes kebakaran di bangunan kediaman di Selangor )

1. What is the statistic of 10 years fire cases Residential Building in Selangor?

(Apakah statistik 10 tahun kebakaran bangunan kediaman di Selangor?)

………

………

………

………

………

………

………

2. Based on question (1), how many cases is involving with Residential building?

(Panduan dari soalan 1, berapa banyak kes yang melibatkan bangunan kediaman?)

………

………

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………

………

………

………

………

3. What are the types building involved?

(Apakah jenis bangunan yang terlibat?)

………

………..

………..

………..

………..

………..

4. What is the common problem when deal with fire at buiding?

(Apakah masaalah yang biasa dihadapi melibatkan kebakaran di bangunan?)

………..

………..

………..

………..

………..

B. Identify the solutions to improve of fire in Residential buildings in Selangor.

(Kenalpasti jalan keluarnya kebakaran di bangunan kediaman di Selangor)

1. What are the common causes of the fire breakouts in Residential Building?

(Apakah punca-punca penyebab kebakaran yang berlaku di bangunan Kediaman?)

………..

………..

………..

………..

………..

………..

2. Based on question (1), what are the solutions to improve of fire in Residential Buildings?

(Berdasarkan soalan (1), Apakah jalan penyelesaian untuk dipebaiki kebakaran di bangunan kediaman?

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119

……….

……….

……….

……….

……….

……….

C. To identify the best practices in managing the fire to Residential buildings in Selangor (Untuk mengenalpasti amalan terbaik dalam pengurusan kebakaran bangunan di Selangor)

1. For this instance, what are the methods that fire department use for fire prevention at Residential building?

(Untuk contoh ini, apakah kaedah yang digunakan oleh Jabatan Kebakaran untuk menyegah kebakaran di bangunan kediaman?)

………..

………..

………..

………..

………..

………..

………..

2. In your opinion, is the method in (1) is effective in reduce/prevent the fire from occurs?

(Pada pendapat anda, adakah kaedah dalam (1) berkesan dalam mengurangkan / menyegahkan kebakaran daripada berlaku?)

……….

……….

……….

……….

……….

……….

……….

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APPENDIX 2

INTERVIEW PROTOCOL

Exploring Fire Residential Building: A Case Study in Selangor.

Dear Sir / Madam:

I am Mohamad Jaswan Bin Alias, a candidate for Master of Occupational Safety and Health Management and currently conducting a research study, with a title of Exploring Fire Residential Building: A Case Study in Selangor.

This study aims to:

1. To investigate the reasons that lead and frequency of fire cases at Residential buildings in Selangor.

2. To identify the solutions to improve of fire in Residential buildings in Selangor.

3. To identify the best practices that can be used in managing the fire to buildings in Selangor.

We would like to inform you that all information collected will be strictly kept confidential and only be treated for research purposes only.

We have also attached a list of questions that will be asked by the researcher. Should you need further clarifications, you may contact me directly.

Sincerely,

Mohamad Jaswan Bin Alias MOSHM Candidate

Universiti Utara Malaysia Email: jaswanalias@gmail.com

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APPENDIX 3

Types of Building Related to Fire for Year 2014

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APPENDIX 4

CauseOf Fire Breakouts for Year 2014

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123

APPENDIX 5

Types of Building Related to Fire for Year 2015

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APPENDIX 6

Cause Of Fire Breakouts for Year 2015

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125

APPENDIX 7

Types of Building Related to Fire for Year 2016

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APPENDIX 8

Cause Of Fire Breakouts for Year 2016

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127

APPENDIX 9

Types of Building Related to Fire for Year 2017

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APPENDIX 10

Cause Of Fire Breakouts for Year 2017

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APPENDIX 11

Types of Building Related to Fire for Year 2018

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APPENDIX 12

Cause Of Fire Breakouts for Year 2018

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APPENDIX 13

Types of Building Related to Fire for Year 2019

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APPENDIX 14

Cause Of Fire Breakouts for Year 2019

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APPENDIX 15

PERANGKAAN KEBAKARAN MENGIKUT JENIS KEBAKARAN DI MALAYSIA

BIL JENIS KEBAKARAN TAHUN 2018 TAHUN 2019 1 BANGUNAN DAN

ISINYA 1041 1077

2 KENDERAAN 986 1007

3 MESIN 51 31

4 ALAT PERKAKAS 319 387

5 PETROL 1 0

6 BAHAN KIMIA 2 3

7 GAS 138 145

8 KAPAL TERBANG 0 1

9 HELIKOPTER 0 0

10 KAPAL LAUT 1 5

11 FERI 0 0

12 BOT 0 0

13 KEBUN/LADANG 230 396

14 HUTAN 428 360

15 BELUKAR/LALANG 1324 1450

16 SAMPAH 828 1101

17 GERAI 16 19

18 LAIN-LAIN 1868 2140

JUMLAH 7233 8122

Fire cases in building in a year 2019 were 1077/8122 = 13.26%

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APPENDIX 16

Interviewing Protocol and Collecting Data Session at Fire and Rescue Department, Kota Anggerik, Bukit Jelutong Selangor Darul Ehsan

Source: Fire and Rescue Department, Kota Anggerik, Bukit Jelutong Selangor Darul Ehsan

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135

APPENDIX 17

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APPENDIX 18

Interview E-Mail of Invitation

Dear Sirs,

I am a Master student of Associate Prof Madya Dr Fadzli Shah Bin Abd Aziz at the University Utara Malaysia. For my dissertation, I am exploring hidden expect of knowledge production that contextualize the phenomenon of my method research. I believed you’re expertized and career helping me to obtain a useful data for my research in Study Fire Residential Building: A Case Study in Selangor. As an honour would you be willing and available to participate in person structured interview between 22nd to month ends January 2020, for official I am forwarding my request pertaining the above consent with a letter from my University Utara Malaysia for your kind attention. Participation of your organization and the interviewee is voluntary and you may withdraw at any time without negative consequences. If the organization wishes to withdrawal at any time or an interviewee wishes to withdrawal, they may do so by contacting me during the interview, via telephone or via e-mail (my contact information is below). Please feel free to contact me if you have any query.

If you comfortable, please

 Respond to this email message and confirmation date to meet at early on 16th to end of this month January 2020 ( according to your comfortability )

 Suggest a location where would you like to meet in person

 Feel free to ask any questions you have about my study background and

 Conducting interview in dual language Bahasa Melayu or English will do Your kind assistance is really much appreciated and looking forward to meeting you.

Thank you.

Sincerely,

Mohamad Jaswan Bin Alias Date : 21/1/2020

Master Student UUM: ID 823481

Contact no: 017-2547915 Emailed: jaswanalias@gmail,com

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APPENDIX 19

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138 PART I

PRELIMINARY Section

1. Short title and commencement

2. Interpretation

PART II

ADMINISTRATION Section

3. The Fire Services Department and its officers 4. Appointment of Auxiliary Fire Officers

5. Duties of Fire Services Department 6. Uniform and identification card

7. Exercise of powers and performance of duties

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139 PART III

ABATEMENT OF FIRE-HAZARD Section

8. Fire-hazard abatement notice

9. Power of Director General to abate fire-hazard in vacant or unoccupied premises 10. Offence of failing to comply with fire-hazard abatement notice

11. Power of Director General to abate fire-hazard on non-compliance with fire- hazard abatement notice

12. Power of Director General to abate fire-hazard in cases of urgency

13. .Closing order

14. Appeals against closing order or refusal to make closing order 15. Disposal of property removed by Director General

16. Recovery of expenses incurred in carrying out work under section 11 17. Recovery of expenses incurred in carrying out work under section 12 18. Powers of Fire Officers on occasion of fire

19. Powers of Fire Officers in emergencies not involving fire 20. Protection of Fire Officers and Auxiliary Fire Officers 21. Loss by fire to include damage resulting from fire-fighting

PART IV

WATER AND FIRE HYDRANTS Section

22. Storage of water in premises for fire-fighting purposes 23. Notice of works affecting fire hydrants

24. Duty of water authority to notify the State Director of any action affecting the flow of water to a fire hydrant

25. Power to fix fire hydrant location plates 26. Concealment and misuse of fire hydrants

PART V

FIRE CERTIFICATES Section

27. Power of Director General to determine and designate particular uses, size, or location, of premises

28. Requirement of fire certificate

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29. Application for, and issue of, fire certificate 30. Form of fire certificate

31. Prescribing of fees for the issue of fire certificate

32. Change of conditions affecting adequacy of life safety facilities etc.

33. Offence in relation to fire certificate 34. Rights of appeal

35. Court’s power to prohibit or restrict use of certain premises

35A Power of Director General to order activity to cease in cases of urgency 35B Appeal against order of Director General to cease activity

36 Appeals against prohibitory order or refusal to make prohibitory order

Fire Services PART VI

ENFORCEMENT Section

37 Enforcement of Act

38 Power of entry

39 Restriction on disclosure of information 40 Power to arrest without warrant

41 Power of investigation

42 Power to require attendance of witnesses 43 Examination of witnesses

44 Conduct of prosecution

PART VII

ENQUIRIES INTO FIRES Section

45 Enquiries into fires

46 Taking possession of premises and other property damaged or destroyed by fire 47 Unauthorized presence in premises possession whereof has been taken

under section 46

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141 PART VIII

WELFARE FUND Section

48 Establishment of Fund

48A Fire Services Department Welfare Fund Committee 48B Moneys for Fund to be raised only with consent 49 Administration and application of Fund

PART IX

MISCELLANEOUS Section

50 Special duty and expenses thereof

51 Interfering with Fire Officers in execution of his duty 52 Failure to comply with direction

53 Unauthorized wearing of uniform

54 Falsification of documents, false statements, etc.

55 Offence in respect of fire alarm 56 Giving of false report of fire 57 Offences by body corporate 58 General penalty

59 Compounding of offences

60 Power to apply Act to vessels and movable structures 61 Service of notices and other documents

62 Power to make regulations 63 Repeal

FIRST SCHEDULE SECOND SCHEDULE

Laws of Malaysia ACT 341

Rujukan

DOKUMEN BERKAITAN

The objectives of the research were to study the level of awareness among the stakeholders, to identify challenges and to identify the method encourage the implementation

A total of 16 un-success factors were analysed using SPSS software and found that 10 most significant factors causing construction delay in Johor Bahru construction industry

Based on the findings, the occupational safety and health committee (RII = 0.821; mean 4.10) are the most influential critical factor among 13 factors for managing the safety

This study compared time performance of the conventional method of construction for high- rise residential and Industrial Building System (IBS) method by formulate benchmark

Based on the finding of the case study carried out at three construction projects, all of the construction project has executed safety practices by conducting daily work

After due consideration of suitable wall application, [34] indicated that the most effective legume plant to be used as part of vertical greenery system is the

The paper describes a number of case studies which compare Malaysian bioclimatic and conventional building using indoor environmental parameter criteria such as air

This research also allows every construction industry player to examine the cost significant elements for high-rise residential buildings, and to appraise the cost