Canopy Structure Of A Logged-Over Forest: Thirty Years After Logging

JouRNr or TpoprcA! Blor-ocy AxD CoNsrRvAr ro\, J: 5 7 - 65, 200?

Canopy

Structure

of a Logged-over Forestr

Thirty

YeaN

After Logging

MOHD ZAKI Han'zahxdd RUSMAWI Mu'la Faculty of Forestry,

Univ ersitr P utra M alays ia, 43400 UPM ^SERDANG Selanqor, Malatsia

A B S T RAC T- Phytoso€iological studies werc carried out in Comparbnent 128, Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembila _, in order to assess

the

canopy structure

and

vegetation composition of the logged-over dipterccarp forest, thirty years after logging. A total of

ren plots, each with the size of 60 x 40 In, werc established

to

assess

the

vegetation composition, species dominance and stand

structure

for

the compartment. studies showed that the stand can be categorized as a

SrqEiM -

^{Canaium stand. Meanwhile,}

the species composition of the study area

car be differentiated into two communities, namely,

Dialiun

kunstleti

-

^{Bacca rea}

smatrata commnn]'ty and Hopea odonta Palaquium tusttutum co'.mu'nity, and these communities can be turther differentiated into four sub-conununities. The vegetation of the compariment recorded the aveftZe of 12.5%

canopy lay€r r€rovery of the emergent layer (SD, znd 40%, 4l .5Eo,25 5%, and 17 5% lor

the

dominant and co-dominant (T1).

understorcy (T2), shrub (S) and herb (H)

layers, rcspectively. The family with the most representative was Dipterocaryaceae with twelve species representing three genera, followed by Leguminosae.

tr JMrdr:

c

opy stlucrur€ recove.y, logged-over

INTRODUCTION

Peninsular Malaysia is blessed wift a unique tropical forest ecosystem. The forest, which is a highly valuable e€onomic rcsource, has be€n systematically managed by the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia since

lml

^.

For instance, lhe lowland and hill dipterocarp forests have been managed under ihe Malayan

Uniform Systen

^(MUS) and Selective Management System (SMS), respectively. Even though the forest is being hanested annually, harvesting is carded out according to the strict guidelines of MUS and sMs.

The MUS was

first

formulated into the approved system at the 1949 Colferencq of Malayan State Forest Officen (Wyatt-Smith, 1995), and was first implemented in 1955

(Yusuferat, 1986). According to dle guideline of the system, all mature arees of commercial species above 45 cm

in

DBH are to be removed in a single harvesting.

Naturally. the forest

will

recover after

ha

^{esting, aDd} in the case of rhe MUS, the forest is expected to recover lvithin 50 to 55 years (wyatt-smith, 1995). However rhe late

of th.

d.mage

duing harve*iog. an N.eqi Sdbilo,

b

*ssdeluva-y

sbtus or dE losg.d-ovtr

rorrsd rlmr

whicr,

ws

hftn.d h

190s uddd rh. MUs.

MXE'IAIJANDIIEItrOE

The sody

w6

^cobducred in

compdnei.

123 of?6oh

FosrRsft,

Neeai

s.mbild

(Fig. _D,

a.ddins

b {re upubush€d Ecord

or

lne

Forc$ry D?pa

menr

of Nes.i smbilan'lhe.ompml9afiflhNstd

loidrMd.Fi.Meb.losicds iqrhe

strdy

!rc.

in

tei.r.l reeie4 fthtively

nodffiE

svdF mud

nidtur ^{or r} 304

nn

(lem h De7). rtesiE is cralsir,ed a

o 3d

whjcn

sciv.r

havr ftinrarr ^(wer mmrh) in

Novmb

ad De4bbd

(Mn,

1992).

Thelsde]' Assstmiof conpo]fu,23 ftcdv'y

Guccssiotr)

ol

rhe

logg.d-ov'

vcgehlion$udiesb,sedmlh.fulhodol 3Eu

Blaqud

€ujivm, l$7;

^{Mobd znri.}

l99rMohdz3ridrar, ^zoori zmo

'fttried

phybsociolosic,l

rtl.vrs

or srmple ptob (each

*ith

thc size of 60 x a0 m) wer.

sbbrsh.dmdodny in

rrt.ooparffi

The phyrosociolosicar

d.v6s

.otrld be rimpty

C{NoN

snoauE

oF^

irffDovs FBr r) S.l.dioi of

sites

*irhonr

_crps md

b) rd.idrdioi

d

Eord

of 3ll spe.ns

lmd

in.ach

ot$env. by6: dcrged

or supd

@ (sT

rbov. 30

n

in

@l

h.icnq

domimt Ol: ls 30b),c0'

dom,nei,jd

uddbEJ

crl: ³

n),

suppEs.n md

strb

^(s: z

-

^{3 m)}

0dherb ^(Ir:

b*.rrhs

²

b).

c) E

inarion or crnopy coYeBsc md sociabilit lor

erh

speies ^jn

ab lryd (bsd ontuiivd

_o937).

rd

d) Id.nrilication

or phyro3ociotogical

RESIJIISANDDISCUSSION

Th?

eddgd

layu (sj[) of

conptu.

^r23

whichwshds@dh 194( 4)iam.h.d a

almge hejght of 36

ft,

w b 6ve Erevts Ed'd.nd.heisntol40n

vhil.rh.lov*r s.

llyd

ws Mojd.d by R.re*s r. 2 ad ^{6 (esch}

wilnteelheishof

onrGable ulb€Esutb rlso sbow rlar dE

w@.

h.i!h! of llE

Tl ]!ydu7Jm,*h

elne IEmh.ichrofdE T2.

S

edsw

16B7.1m?d

l.654EpatiEly A! lhom

in Trble r, n\.

ebd

in

g4qat

srbid.d low

b nodmE sr-hyd

cov.Es.

of596 b 20%, *nh

d.

avdgc of r2.59r. oD

$.

^orhdhan4

hecmp!@it

hd

nodd

b high.oven€eof'I md T2

hy6,

witn rh!

sp{rively.

Th. @opy-tay{

orcnge

ot

rhc s-laya8

ms.d

fiDm 20* b 30*. dd

[E

b

^{didrt ro ducidar} rbe rcove'y

s@s

of

rbe

!s4

^{rh. heishr} rcovery md

.eopy,

fis@ t

^{Loatioo of}

C.Eldftd

^{123, Ihlob}

F6s. RM.,

Nesdi

S.EbiL!

Shlt

of

Negsi Sdtild

Compt l2a

to L\e

d

' oln\epnm

^y

fo6t(PD, *bilh

*cE

obrlined

od Epdcd

prcviously by MoM

zli

^{(1eee). rhe}

imhs

sbor dar the

a€n8eheiotof

ssYr-hFof Comptua.

r23 (F74)

'.lbturicdly

lowrhm

&. rv.nse l'.ighloflh.PFof4sn'Tbasamcmb€said

roih. ms

sT-lrydcoEns. olrhaFT4 sibs

ofl,,5{jwbichissig.jJimdyl*dthmlh.

PF (nem (:()r€@ 01269b) (riblc2l.T abb 2

a'dT2iscoDplablelolhatolth.PF,

hovev{. thecov.rag.

or6.

^{S mdH n}

b*d.

Accoldi4btbcddislical,Iy.is'lh.t

we'e sisnificant difieEocer

belv.d

thc

cov.ng.-pft.dbc.

^of

Tl hy.r

of rhe 10

significd

dincHt l0

6c

olts fu hyd

Sp!.iB

ri.nnd

rnd

conlotilid

A

bbl

of 101 sp.cie

rpasddns

^?3

ea

relev€s. The

rcrdiv.

nchnes or g.nos ^ro fthnss olfanily to gen$ dchn*s wa

55*

Cr'bb 3).Thescngs.

econpdabl.

b

ln.

dudies conductn on fto

ndd! h@6td ii

r973inS.d,InC ^Ina

FoBiRffiq N.sdi

Tn. Y.g.rtjdn or

d. cohp'fumt

cm be

(lJ2)si!r - ca,,.i!n

^and). anc mos comod 6peci6

ii

ne

onplrmut bdidd Syljim

^{sp. and}

C@rrl4

sp.

@

Pdrr;a

atutd obtrtilotir

md

ri.ura r,ir\,#,

^wNch

e EpEsnrd

in nine ou.

ol

Gn Elev6s

lTabt

^{4), Tn.}

xdEq\.dd|aid.Pdk{lin6tfun'

Elw6.!stelevalionro3i4nlm200b260n

CaNory

sul

^{E oF A}

LmED{@ m6r

abov.

!a l.v.l (r s

L).

Aroigd

^rh.

@ii speiesinn\iscommuiymDt!dl,,','

.

amtu\

^M

dtt b

^{s9., 5 horc a}

rer qb

ro

c(tlrllMtPai*of thecol]llNit

such d H,

.dotutq

Pak46m tuhsdti,

P

retM,

DipktocotpB

_zra

ditotu: bd sinto

h gcn.i,l.

$a. sh&

hrv.

novdtd

rriny

v.ll

^wiln low ro

nod.nt STlay.i.

md

(s@prd6o.

lrsi hoi ,

^r99D.

d.

high

rcpresented

fanily vith 12

^species

individulsineehofdElopRolay$is

appenrly

.rall,

TIE ST and

rl

^hyes.

fu

sp''ct.kil'p'suphimwfupodI]

dipt.rocdpr

such

ftlvious

rcpm

^{by Mobd}

z*i

^(1eee)

hd

Mohd

zlt

^e'

'r.

⁽²⁰⁰⁴⁾

sbrd

^{dlar mo$ or}

rhe

!b& hd.*.d odd nr

MUs

bd

^ro

(miiry.mnipM.rpt

ifr

nedirdy,f br hdEslin3'Ttephemmmisdand.d ini\epEssfudy'Tbaoory*pldadonfol

the lack ol dipcmcdps in $e sbds mly lie

in $o

bril nMbd

ofdiD€r@rDs Eken our

MOIDZ^Igl{hziARUSMAVTMd.

fthb

ri Heighr (n) ud

covds. Pmdbse{*)ln4b

cropy

trydfqdi6@!!r.ldf

-E;i:iffi---i-- - -i----l

r$h2: cmloismof sds.ft 6r,rrrqffi &hdreo

^{F 4}

adbn'ryf.N

Dbh3 codponu orh{m. o.hsb.kd rmddy ro

No.oIO.s, NoolPuili6 Frorsir(brj

No. ol

sFci6

?ft.nunhshpdanhaBi i@rntusiddiErothdofliEErrlo**bmdic

re!

^{rdio of g.dus}

b :p€i$

^n.hna3

(8Eu olom) dd

ndo of

fmily b ghur

trhle,l: slljfr&yof $. cll|lllM lpets,nd

difitrDriallpecid

oib..dmuiri.N

,i

'i .i

cd&tFj6ier,'sftlh,d,

i sa6r

ry

rd (tu tojrqu. Dn;

ol nre

$id dDig bNBrins.

The

Eords ol

^{Forcsl-y Depment or Neged}

scnbils tqice, in

1960s end

dipr.rccarps. which

my

hrve

Eeb.n fi.

DBH ol

noE

rhin 45

cn

@urd

Mv. b.d

bretr

ornEdpbrRTs

^vhich

ecnffidy

for tlEn ^ro

.frs.

^md donimE ihe shndr.

eely pb,a ora

dddl+$.esion

_Fnod

du

succe$ioilr

3p.di.si sn.h as

,.Jd.dtu baccat!\ Eadospdnr

diadenun

atd Nn |MnLto a.,ia't1E opffiis

d

rtg

ea.fisohd*bhsdmmc.dlhse

domind. n\e

s

^{(h. siDce rhe}

nunbr

^md

6vds.ordhtscrJpsmElarirclysm,

fiese

sbds

could be plsnred with sonc

The follovilc

can

be mrde lron

r. rbe fo;* io

^rhc

6dpdrnm, hs r.oved

fr0y

wll

^{(ow b}

nodtu)

in

shon pcnod

orhr.

^{(ahnt rhiiy}

Y.dt.

tha mn diprmcaps

$iny yat artr

hNed. Thes. 3bnds EquiE repldring of sone

rpc.ts fmn

^{lne diptemcllp}

be nsde on rbe

dlb

lrcm tbe ves.h6oi

studies, pEeios losging bd

pc.f.,,tic inve ori* ro.lDcidft

rbe d.grcd of

.l6en$ ordiflmic

^{of$s rccovdng}

A..oa. lt99t, Fone

Resaurc. M@

P^i

rtdt Mdldytu.

(e .d.)sD

.

nt

olgmiedo,UnibdNadmDeyelopnd PFgm (F.Ao{-NDP}

Krd.ru9E

^non tteei. ashcttui

^M4!

Pai8ukr M4rar,4.

(46 ed.) Narionar Mapping

D?p|,M,ray!;qKu,lrlu'pu

Amri.nj,

s, (z{xrz).

cohpaiM of@v.Jt

s@s oftwo lossln-oYd

.@

ⁱⁿ N?sei

S.nbilsn. ,. s..

"r,JB, Frc

ry or

Fqiturn, K,oear).Aim

^d metho& or phyrosociolos or "rgebriod

$nic

^.

Pp. 60?-623. Id: Anod (.d.). PUFB

,n

nmoD ol Dr sotodli Notnhhi. Ko6.

Mohd

zrki.

H,

(1999).FodEovery

_d rehabiharjoi

Nso*hcns jn Ncgdi

Sdbihn, Malaysia, bi$d on

v.g.dion Uiivdiry,

^r,pm (upublished).

r&*dzr'4H,LnH0 rr]{-Mdtur,i.a64 r'l

MI(

Minrm[

^M.

K YNor& L [\iiwr

(2{ol), RENery ol lwland

dDbom+ fo(s! !nd6

th.

Md'yd Uniforn Sy$.m, topld So.iary.l

rmpi.,r Ecology,

n

^p,iq

lall)l0l ll0.

Motd Zali, H., A,Arilin, ^S.

Nclnbdg,A,

l!r.hmdAa.!LEIrr@laLlb.n

&lnNi*Munlnd,

(r[06),cm'pqft

m ofEFbdd omsirion

in

chlbilibtn

,€gds.md!4fof$inlsohFm$

MOIIDZAKIH

ZN&RUSMAWIMUd'

S..! bo!

^{E, (1973).}

Indlddion b rht M.la$ib r L

^P.

:'al[6is diDs3.

Mdldt NtuEta!tuI24\2)ttt tu.

ry.lr-$drn,

^J.

O99.

^{Ntanu,lof Mslaym}

sirvi.utft

fd.

r,ind

FoBts. (2.

d).

Matay&

Fte R@dt No.z3.Fdat ReFlrI Ldjft Mrbrli4 x.F

'e.

ltd,E rr,A!1,4[r.sriiat&A,Kd'

(1936). rnplicarion

of

rhc

sot*live M'rr8!@r Slrtu

otrre

'mrsd{t

of

rb.binrlEb offtDi d6M.r.yria.

l!.6t30.

rn:

Ylst

rI,A.

xmjl

M, Nik

Muhasad & M. shuki (edt.

Pne.diry,

ot

w.rr:^q .n hard

^oJ

Matr Activiti.! .n T.aiicat uphna

Fozdr.@$ni. u,ivdiii P.@bn

M,irysi4

s.dm8,

r.6 F.bruary 1934

Uni6iliP!fuimM,lrygj*