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International Journal of Social Science Research (IJSSR) eISSN: 2710-6276 [Vol. 2 No. 4 December 2020]

Journal website: http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijssr

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PRACTICES AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Syed Kamaruzaman Syed Ali1*, Misbun Onn Hassan2 and Imran Akhmad3

1 2 University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA

3 State University of Medan, Medan, INDONESIA

*Corresponding author: syedkamaruzaman@gmail.com Article Information:

Article history:

Received date : 6 November 2020 Revised date : 25 November 2020 Accepted date : 10 December 2020 Published date : 25 December 2020

To cite this document:

Syed Ali, S., Hassan, M., & Akhmad, I.

(2020). PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PRACTICES AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. International Journal Of Social Science Research, 2(4), 210-216.

Abstract: Doing physical activity is a good practice. The level of health can be improved through physical activity practices. This study was conducted to look at the level of physical activity practices among secondary school students. This study adopted a survey research design. The study sample was 363 secondary school students.

Questionnaires were used as instrument to collect research data. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The result of data analysis found that the highest mean score for physical activity practices among secondary school students was brisk walking activity (M = 2.97; SD = 1.29), jogging / running (M = 2.73; SD = 1.20) and chasing games (M = 2.54; SD = 1.21). The findings also showed that the lowest mean score for physical activity practices among secondary school students was rowing or kayaking activities (M = 1.04, SD = 0.29). Based on the types of physical activity listed in this study, it was found that the duration of physical activity practices was high for brisk walking activity compared to other physical activities.

Meanwhile, the duration of the practice of rowing / kayaking physical activity was the lowest.

Keywords: Practices, Physical Activity, Students, Secondary Schools.

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1. Introduction

Apart from the problem of eating habits, lack of physical activity can also contribute to the risk of chronic diseases (Froberg & Anderson, 2005). The study of Haenle et al (2006) showed that 38.9%

of school students do not do physical activity in their free time. The findings of the study, support the study of Ismail Noor (2003) which shows that the level of involvement of adolescents and school students in physical activity was very low. In addition, Malaysians, including teenagers and school students, are lack in doing physical activities such as exercise and sports. Most of these people are more focused on spending free time facing the screen (gadgets, television and computer) than doing outdoor physical activities. (Nor Amalina, 2016).

The practice of physical activity is important for the health and well-being of individuals of all ages including school students. It is recognized as an important factor in improving health and reducing the risk of various chronic diseases. Active teens and school students have a better chance of growing up as healthy adults. Most children and adolescents among school students are protected from chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes or osteoporosis, however, risk factors for these diseases can begin as early as young age. (US Department of Health and Human Services, USDHHS (2008).

Several studies have proven that the presence of chronic disease risk factors among school students has been associated with low levels of physical activity (Froberg & Anderson, 2005; Anderssen et al., 2007). Not practicing physical activity has been proven to be a significant factor and cause of obesity among school students (Jago et al., 2005).

This global issue begins at an early age when low physical activity as well as a high percentage of body fat have been among the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure and unstable cholesterol levels (Anderssen et al., 2007). Weight and blood pressure can be lowered among school students when physical activity becomes part of treatment measures in daily life.

(Strong et al., 2005).

Based on the above statement, it can be explained that healthy lifestyle is important among secondary school students. So a survey needs to be done to review the practice of physical activity among secondary school students.

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2. Methodology

This study used a quantitative survey method (survey-questionnaire). This survey study used a questionnaire to collect research data. Questionnaires were distributed to selected school students.

The distribution of this questionnaire instrument was assisted by the Physical Education and Health Education teachers of the schools involved after obtaining approval from the Principal and the teachers involved. The respondents answered the questionnaire and the researcher collected it after 1 week. In the context of this study, the population consisted of daily secondary school students in rural areas in Kerian district, Perak. The respondents were 13, 14 and 16 years old. The population for this study included 6628 students, 3300 male students and 3328 female students. The total sample selected was 363 students involving 7 out of 15 secondary schools.

3. Research Findings

Table 1: Physical Activity Practices Among Secondary School Students No Have you done the following

activities in the last seven (7) days, and how many times have you done those activities…

0 times 1-2 times

3-4 times

5-6 times

More than 7 times

Mean SD

1 Rope skipping 70.5% 19.6% 5.5% 1.9% 2.5% 1.46 0.88

2 Rowing/Kayaking 97.2% 4.9% 0.6% - 0.3% 1.04 0.29

3 Playing catch up 21.8% 32.0% 27.0% 9.4% 9.9% 2.54 1.21 4 Brisk walking 11.3% 32.5% 21.8% 16.8% 17.6% 2.97 1.29

5 Cycling 41.3% 28.7% 12.9% 6.6% 10.5% 2.16 1.31

6 Jogging/Running 15.2% 32.8% 26.7% 14.3% 11.0% 2.73 1.20

7 Aerobics 54.3% 27.3% 11.0% 4.4% 3.0% 1.75 1.02

8 Swimming 84.6% 10.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.4% 1.25 0.70

9 Playing rugby 89.0% 6.6% 3.0% 0.8% 0.6% 1.17 0.57

10 Playing football 55.4% 18.5% 11.0% 5.5% 9.6% 1.96 1.32 11 Playing badminton 43.5% 29.5% 17.1% 7.4% 2.5% 1.96 1.06

12 Playing kite 86.5% 8.5% 2.8% 1.9% 0.3% 1.21 0.61

13 Playing sepak takraw 75.2% 13.2% 4.7% 1.9% 5.0% 1.48 1.03

14 Roller skating 83.5% 10.2% 3.6% 1.4% 1.4% 1.27 0.72

15 Playing netball 76.0% 18.5% 3.9% 1.1% 0.6% 1.32 0.65 16 Playing silat/taekwondo 84.8% 6.3% 6.1% 2.5% 0.3% 1.27 0.71

17 Playing basketball 93.9% 3.3% 1.4% 1.4% - 1.10 0.45

18 Playing softball 90.6% 5.0% 1.9% 2.2% 0.3% 1.17 0.59

19 Playing futsal 62.0% 17.4% 9.9% 5.2% 5.5% 1.75 1.17

20 Playing volleyball 75.2% 15.7% 3.9% 3.6% 1.7% 1.41 0.86 Physical Activity 65.6% 16.9% 8.8% 4.5% 4.2% 1.65 0.43

Based on table 1, the findings showed that the highest 3 mean scores for physical activity practice among secondary school students are brisk walking, jogging / running and playing catch-up while the lowest mean score is for rowing / kayaking activities.

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Activities with the highest mean score of brisk walking (M = 2.97, SD = 1.29), showed 11.3% of respondents never did the activity, 32.5% of respondents only did 1-2 times, 21.8% of respondents did 3-4 times, 16.8% of respondents did 5-6 times and only 17.6% of respondents did more than 7 times.

Meanwhile, the physical activity of jogging / running (M = 2.73, SD = 1.20) recorded the second highest mean score that is, a total of (15.2%) never involved in the activity within 7 days of study, (32.8%) only did 1-2 times, (26.7%) did 3-4 times, (14.3%) did 5-6 times and only (11.0%) did more than 7 times in 7 days.

Next, the physical activity with the third highest mean score is playing catch-up (M = 2.54, SD = 1.21), 21.8% of respondents never did the activity during the study period, 32% of respondents only did 1-2 times, 27% respondents did 3-4 times, 9.4% of respondents did 5-6 times, and only 17.6% of respondents did the activity more than 7 times in the 7 days of the study

The findings also showed that the lowest mean score for physical activity among secondary school students is rowing or kayaking activities (M = 1.04, SD = 0.29), that is 97.2% of respondents have never done this activity, 1.9% of respondents did 1-2 times, 0.6 % of respondents did 3-4 times, no respondents did the activity 5-6 times and only 0.3% of respondents did this activity more than 7 times.

The overall mean score value for physical activity among secondary school students was at a low level that is (M = 1.65, SD = 0.43). This clearly showed that secondary school students are more focused on physical activities without tools such as brisk walking compared to other physical activities.

4. Discussions

4.1 Physical Activities Among Secondary School Students In Kerian District, Perak

The analysis of the study found that the physical activity of secondary school students varies during the study period. Overall, it was found that physical activity among secondary school students was at a low level (Dan S, Nasir MM and Zalilah M, 2007).

The findings of the study showed that the physical activity of a student can be assessed through the practice of physical activities during the study period that is for 7 days. It was found that the physical activities of secondary school students vary based on the 20 physical activities outlined, namely rope skipping, rowing / kayaking, catch up, brisk walking, cycling, jogging / running, aerobics, swimming, playing rugby, playing football, playing badminton, playing kite, playing sepak takraw / sepakraga, roller skating, playing netball, playing silat / taekwondo, playing basketball, playing softball, playing futsal and playing volleyball.

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Based on the types of physical activity listed in this study, in general the duration of physical activity practice was high for brisk walking activities compared to other physical activities.

Meanwhile, it was found that physical activity of rowing / kayaking was the lowest during the study period among secondary school students.

This tendency could give the impression that the secondary school students are more prone to light and moderate physical activities compared to activities that are heavier or require energy and higher costs because 59.2% of the respondents are students with low socioeconomic status. It is in line with the findings of Hashemi, M., Hojjati, A., Nikravan, F., & Feizabadi, M.S. (2013) who showed that low socioeconomic status students often lack access to physical activities compared to high economic status students.

In addition to brisk walking, secondary school students had a high interest in 5 types of physical activities, namely jogging / running, playing catch up, cycling, playing football and playing badminton. 3 other physical activities such as playing basketball, playing rugby and playing softball are the least involved activities among students besides rowing / kayaking.

This situation showed that the percentage of inactive practice of physical activity was high at 65.6% among secondary school students. This is in line with the findings of studies at the national level such as Malaysian School Based Nutrition Survey (2012) which is 42.7%, Malaysian Nutrition Association (2013) which is 57.3% and National Health & Mobidity Survey (2017).Which is 44.6%. It is also in line with the findings of a global study by the WHO -World Health Organization (2010) through a study of the Global School based Student Health Survey which found that only 39.2% of school students from 5 continents worldwide practice physical activities while 61.8% are vice versa. (Guthold R, Cowan MJ, Autenrieth CS et al (2010).

In conclusion, the discussions explain that the trend of low physical activity involvement among secondary school students not only occurs at the district or state level but also occurs at the national and global levels today. Honestly, this worrying situation is not a positive sign for the formation of a generation of Malaysians who are smart and mentally and physically fit.

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5. Conclusion

This study can be used as a guide and also a source of information for students to gain knowledge about the importance of practicing physical activity. In addition, it is hoped that secondary school students will be able to manage their leisure time well by performing healthy physical activities such as exercising and playing sports. In addition, this reduces the time used to play various gadgets such as smartphones, video games or watch television. There must be a balance between the energy gained and the energy consumed. This can prevent the threat of malnutrition risk whether weight loss or obesity that can have long-term adverse effects such as cardiovascular disease. (Rauner, A., Mess, F., & Woll, A. (2013).

References

Azli Baharudin, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Mala A. Manickam, Nooraini Ahmad (2012). Factors associated with physical inactivity among school going adolescents: Data from the Malaysian School-Based Nutrition Survey 2012. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 26 (5 suppl):27s- 35s

Anderssen SA, Cooper, AR, Riddoch C, Sardinha LB, Harro M, Brage S & Anderson LB (2007).

Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor for clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factor in children independent of country, age and sex. The European Society of Cardiology 14 (4): 526-531.

Dan, S., Mohd, N.M., & Zalilah, M.S. (2011). Determination of factors associated with physical activity levels among adolescents attending school in Kuantan, Malaysia. Malaysian journal of nutrition, 17 2, 175-87

Froberg K & Andersen LB (2005). Mini Review: Physical activity and fitness and its relations to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children. International Journal of Obesity. 29: S34-39.

Guthold R, Cowan MJ, Autenrieth CS et al (2010). Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Schoolchildren: A 34 – Comparison. The Journal of pediatrics, 157 ( 1) : 43-49 Haenle, M. M., Brockmann, S. O., Kron, M., Bertling, U., Mason, R. A., Steinbach, G., … EMI

Study group (2006). Overweight, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption in a cross-sectional random sample of German adults. BMC public health, 6, 233.

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Hashemi, M., Hojjati, A., Nikravan, F., & Feizabadi, M.S. (2013)The association between socio- economic indicators and the cantonal sports performance in the national sport games Costa Rica

Ismail Noor (2003) Ismail MN, Chee SS, Nawawi H, Yusoff K, Lim TO, James WPT (2002).

Obesity in Malaysia. The International Association for the Study of Obesity. Obesity Reviews .3, 203–208

Ismail MN, Norimah AK, Poh BK, Ruzita AT, Nik Mazlan M & Nik Shanita S (2003). Nutritional status and dietary habits of primary school children in Peninsular Malaysia. UKM/Nestle Report. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, UKM, Kuala Lumpur.

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Zakiah MS (2009). Nutritional status and dietary habits of primary school children in Peninsular Malaysia (2001-2002). Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Jago et al., 2005 Jago R, Baranowski T, Baranowski JC, Thompson D & Greaves KA (2005). BMI from 3-6 years of age is predicted by TV viewing and physical activity, not diet. International Journal of Obesity 29 (6): 557-564.

National Health & Mobidity Survey (2017). Adolescent and Nutrition Survey.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326927883_NHMS2017

Nor Amalina M.N. (2016 Mac 23) Amalan pemakanan punca obesiti, Utusan Online. Dimuat turun dari: http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/forum/amalan-pemakanan-punca-obesiti- 1.203611#ixzz5hO0XOs5D

Strong,WB., et al. (2005). Eviden Based Physical Activity For School Age – Youth. The Journal of Pediatrics, 146, 732-737.

USDHHS (US Department of Health and Human Services) (2008). Physical activity guidelines for Americans. [Online] Available at: http://www.heatlh.gov/paguidelines (Accessed 8 March 2012).

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