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Proceedings of the FifthlASTED International Conference COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND IMAGING

August 12-14, 2002, Kaua'i, Hawaii, USA

SIlVIPLE KNIT DESIGN SYSTEM; USING PATTERN MATCHlNG

Rahmat Budiarto\ Azman Samsudin\-Masashi Yamada2

ISchool of Computer Sciences, USM.. 11800 Minden, PulauPinang~MALAYSIA Tel.: +60-4-657-7888 ext. 2129, Fax: +60-4-657-3335, E-mail: rahmat@cs.usm.my

2School of Computer and Cognitive Sciences. Chukyo University 101 Tokodachi, Kaizu-cho, Toyota, 470-0383 JAPAN

Tel.: +81-565-45-0971, Fax:+81-565-46-1299~E-mail: myamada@sccs.chukyo-u.ac.jp

ABSTRACT

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KEY WORDS:

Computer Aided Design, Graphical Modeling, Image and Pattern Analysis, Intelligent User Interlace.

Knitting [I] has long been the favorite technique for sweater making because of the detailing and color patterning that is possible, and the supple, drapable fabric the stitches produce. The two basic stitches--lmit and purl-can be worked alone or together and form the basis of dozens of designs as well as other stitches. Knitting uires two needles and a continuous strand of yarn. The ic stitches are created using both needles, wrapping the yam over one needle and drawing the -wrapped yarn through loops on the other needle (See Fig.!).

1. INTRODUCTION

We describe a system that interactively generates stitch

"'ymbol and string diagram of knit pattern. A collection of id data is inputted through a Gill. These grid data are then converted to a set of stitch symbols and string diagram in turn. The system implements sets of rule for converting grid data to stitch symbol and uses set of crossing model for representing and topological movement for processing string diagram.

Fig.! Knitting

Knit design process involves a transformation from symbolic media to graphical media. Knit designer uses combination of stitch symbols to produce knit designs.

The JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) [4] has standardized 22 stitch symbols for knit patterns as sho\\lI1 in Fig.2.

There are combinations of the stitch symbols that cannot be knitted. Therefore, the designer must know well the stitch symbol. However, we can construct rules to compose knittable design, which is based on the knowledge of possible combinations of stitch symbols.

This paper attempts to provide a system to help a novel designer to make a knittable design. Our system alsoaiInS to provide a user-friendliness, in which the user does not need to know d"etail of stitch symbols. Our system

will

convert the inputted design in grid format-· to

an

appropriate stitch symbols composition, .based all

predefined rules. Thus, the paper will contribute on the -

358-052

116

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By placing crossing points in their proper coordinates,We

obtain the stable diagram. The movements involve the Reidemeister movements and the geometrical movement showninFigA.

The stitch symbol composItIOn is transformed to string diagram. A database is used to keep arelation between stitch symbols design and their appropriate knittable string diagrams. Fig.S illustrates some entries insidethe database. By matching the stitch symbol components to the database entries we can obtain the string diagram of inputted knit design

Algorithm 2:

1.For each row of grid data 2. Scan the row data

3.Change all grid data ·12' to ·45'

4. Change all grid data '500 04' to '300 01' 5. Change all grid data '400 05' to '100 02'

6:Perform the rules L2,3. 4,5 and 6 of Table :2 in sequence.

. 7.End Algorithm 3:

1. For each row of grid data 2. Scan the row data

3. Change all grid data' 12' to '45'

4. Change all grid data 'Sxx x4' to '3xx xl' 5. Change all grid data '4xx x5' to 'lxx x2'

6.Perfonn the rules 1.2.3, 4.S and 6 of Table :2 in sequence.

7.En.d

where x is '0', '2', or '3'.

Algorithm 2 handles two or more holes, which only have space in between, whereas, algorithm 3 handles two or more holes, which have space or edge in between.

String'

n;::lo-r::nn

String Diagram

3. STRING PROCESSING

We review the string model and string processing method proposed by Itoh [2]. The model of string called as string diagram is sho\Vll in Fig.3. String diagram consists of a set of crossing points, edges, and their connections.

Fig.3: String Object Representation

Itoh [2] and Yamada [3] proposed crossing movements to generate a stable string diagram. The stable string diagram has minimum total length of the string.

FigA: Geometrical Movement.

118

Fig.5 StitchMString database.

4. .Il\1PLEMENTATION

The system has a Gill for composing a knit design. User . can choose to use grid media or to compose the design with the stitch symbols media directly. Inthe grid media mode, user composes a pattern by detennining the boundary (edge) of the pattern and the holes ifany. We , use different colors to distinguish boundary from holes.

Fig.6 shows a leaf pattern with two holes on the grid media. The border (edge) of the leaf indicated by blue grids, whereas redgridsindicate boles.

The implementation model is showninFig.7. The system has five components: GUL Media Transformer, String Diagram Generator, Stable Diagram Generator, and Viewer.

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Fig.6: Leafpattem on the grid media.

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The Media Transfonner converts the grid data to the stitch symbol media by executing the algorithms described in Section 1. By referring the database, String Dia[Tam Generatorwill transform the stitch symbol into stril~gdiagram or other fonnats (bitmap,ASCil.etc.). The string diagram is then processed by the Stable Diagram Generator to obtain the stable diagram. Finally. the Viewer component renders the string diagram and displays the complete image of the knit design on the screen. Our rendering system relies on a baseline ray tracing system,Ifthe user does not satisfy with the design he or she can modify the grid or the stitch symbol media.

and the systemwill refIne the design.

Grid/stitch Symbol

(feedback)

Other media - - - ' -...- format Media

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Stable-Dagram GeneratOr

From the running examples we fIgure out that algorithm 3 produces clearer knit patterns. since it handles carefully the hole-edge combination in a row. Algorithm 3 gives clear boundaries (edges) oftheholes.

Finally. we found that our system performance is in reasonable delay time (3 to 4seconds) for generating the worst case knit design pattern. We determine the worst- case pattem as a pattem that has crossless-stitch ratio about 10%. The crossless-stitch ratio is a ratio of the number of stitch symbol0 to the whole stitch symbols in a knit panern and~it measures the complexity of the knit panern. Hence. we can recommend the implementation of areal time system for knit design.

6. CONCLUSION

In this paper, we proposed a method to extend set-of- crossing-point-based modeling to deal with producing image of string objectin3-D. The input to the system is a grid pattern. As part of this system. we introduced the rules for converting grid symbol to stitch symbol of lollt pattern using regular expressions. Through running some examples. we' found that the system can generate a correct and proper stitch symbols from a grid data. and display its string image of knit pattern.

For more complex patterns of knit such as color patterns that use color strands. we need some new rules and ab:z.orithms. Furthennore. we consider the vertical relation be-rween stitch symbols as our future work as well.

Fig.7: Implementation Model.

Stitch-String DB

Stitch

svmbol

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMEl'rr

The author acknowledges the research grant provided by Universiti Sains Malaysia. Penang that has resulted inthis article. This work was supported in part by grant from the JAPAN SOCIETY FOR PROMOTION OF SCIENCE USPS).

S. RESULTS AND, DISCUSSION

We ran simulations in Fig.8 by using algorithm :2 and algorithm3. Tnefirst row shows the grid datainp~t. The seCond and fourth rows show the stitch symbol produced by algorithm 2 and algorithm 3. respectively. The third and fifth rows are knit design patterns generated by algorithm2 and algorithm 3 for each inputted grid data.

The first column is basic pattern of the knit (called as Space). The second and the third column show patterns that Consist of some holes. The last column shows how the system provides the easy way to modify design from the patterninthe previous column.

REFERENCES

[1] K. Buss. Big book of knirting, (New York: Sterling Publishing. 1999).

[2] Y. Itoh. et a1.. A transformation technique from svrnbolic media to 3-dimensional patterns for knitting.

Proc. Multimedia Japan96. Yokohama. 1996.338-345.

[3] M. Yamada. et a1.. An iniplementation of a knit- pattern generating system for supporting knit design.

Transaction of Information Processing Society of Japan, 36(11). 1995,2728-2735.

[4] TIS Editor, Letter S,vmbolsfor Knitting Stitch (TIS L 0201. 1978).

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