ISLAM, PERADABAN DAN SAINS (ISIMCAS 2013)

S IMPOSIUM A NTARABANGSA KE 4 UKM-KYOTO UNIVERSITI 2013

ISLAM, PERADABAN DAN SAINS (ISIMCAS 2013)

Buku Program & Abstrak

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8 - 9 R ABIULAKHIR 1434 H

19 - 20 F

2013

TEMPAT

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"Wahai Tuhanku, tambahilah ilmuku!"

“My Lord! Increase me in knowledge.”

Taha (20): 114

2

Isi kandungan

Kata Alu-aluan Perasmi Simposium 3

Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi

Kata Alu- aluan Naib Canselor Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 4

Yang Berbahagia Prof. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Sharifah Hapsah Syed Hasan Shahabudin

Kata Alu- aluan Pengarah Institut Islam Hadhari, UKM 5

Yang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mohd Yusof Hj Othman

Latar Belakang Simposium 6

Aturcara Simposium 7

Jadual Sidang dan Pembentangan 9

Abstrak Ucap Utama

Ucap Utama Pertama: Prof. Dr. KOSUGI Yasushi 12

Ucap Utama Kedua: Prof. Madya Dr. Mat Rofa Ismail 13

Abstrak K e r t a s K e r j a

Sidang 1: Permulaan Alam Semesta 14

Sidang 2: Hakikat Insan dan Jiwanya 15

Sidang 3: Tafsir Saintik Al Quran 18

Sidang 4: Ekonomi dan Kewangan 19

Sidang 5: Politik dan Kepimpinan 22

Sidang 6: Sains dan Teknologi 25

Sidang 7: Sejarah 27

Sidang 8: Kebudayaan Masharakat 30

Sidang 9: Sains dan Teknologi 32

Senarai Ahli Jawatankuasa Simposium 35

3

Kata Alu-aluan YABhg Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi

Pertamanya, saya ingin mengucapkan tahniah dan syabas kepada Institut Islam Hadhari, UKM, Center For Islamic Area Studies, Kyoto University, JAKIM dan ATMA, UKM di atas penganjuran simposium ini. Saya juga mengucapkan berbanyak terima kasih kerana sudi menjemput saya untuk merasmikan simposium ini.

Kitab Suci al-Qur’an adalah sumber rujukan paling luhur dan terpenting dalam Islam. Justeru, usaha membangunkan sesebuah peradaban dan menentukan hala tuju penyelidikan sains tidak seharusnya terlepas daripada nilai dan bimbingan yang ditafsirkan dalam al-Qur’an. Kemajuan sains dan teknologi (S&T) yang mengabaikan nilai agama dan budaya lambat-laun akan mendatangkan kesengsaraan dan kemudaratan bukan sahaja terhadap manusia, tetapi juga mengakibatkan bencana kepada alam sekitar keseluruhannya.

Kemajuan S&T membolehkan manusia meneroka angkasa raya, tetapi masih gagal untuk memulihara alam sekitar daripada kerosakan dan pencemaran. Kemajuan yang dicapainya masih tidak dapat memenuhi keperluan rohani manusia. Tidak dapat dinafikan kemajuan S&T telah berjaya menjana ekonomi dan dapat memanfaatkan sumber alam, tetapi ia perlu ditadbirurus dengan mengambil kira peradaban dari perspektif agama untuk mengelak dari berlakunya kerosakan, penyelewengan dan keruntuhan akhlak.

Saya harap simposium dapat menyatukan tiga unsur utama dalam pembinaan tamadun iaitu Islam, Peradaban dan Sains, walaupun usaha ini akan berhadapan dengan pelbagai cabaran.

Semoga simposium ini menjadi wahana terpenting bagi para akademik untuk berinteraksi, membentangkan hasil kajian dan idea untuk pembangunan tamadun manusia yang lebih sejahtera.

Sekian.

Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Perdana Menteri Malaysia ke-5

4 Kata Alu-aluan Naib Canselor Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM

Assalamualaikum wbt. dan Salam Sejahtera

Saya mengucapkan Selamat Datang kepada semua peserta Simposium Antarabangsa Islam, Ketamadunan dan Sains (ISIMCAS 2013). Tahniah diucapkan kepada Institut Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan Kyoto University, Jepun atas kejayaan menganjurkan simposium ini yang merupakan siri keempat daripada siri Simposium Antarabangsa dalam Peradaban Islam yang telah dianjurkan sejak tahun 2009.

Simposium yang bertemakan “Al-Qur’an sebagai Asas Pemikiran dan Pembangunan Sains” diharap dapat mencapai matlamatnya untuk menyediakan wadah bagi percambahan fikiran dalam bidang pemikiran dan peradaban Islam, dengan tumpuan khas kepada peradaban Melayu; menilai cabaran yang bersifat pemikiran yang timbul akibat pengaruh kemajuan sains dan teknologi; dan menyingkap rantau baru penyelidikan yang bermanfaat untuk diterokai dalam bidang pemikiran dan peradaban Islam.

Islam sebagai agama dan peradaban yang kaya dengan khazanah keilmuan boleh berperanan sebagai medium yang akan mengusir kekeliruan yang telah sekian lama membinggungkan para pemikir Barat dalam pelbagai bidang penyelidikan seperti dalam bidang ontologi, kosmologi dan psikologi. Begitu juga dengan pelbagai persoalan daripada sekecil-kecil makhluk ke sebesar-besar makhluk ciptaan Allah SWT yang berjaya dirungkai dengan pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap keilmuan Islam

Kajian dalam bidang pemikiran dan peradaban Islam, sekiranya dilaksanakan dengan matlamat yang jelas, bersumberkan ilmu yang benar tentang peradaban Islam dan Barat, serta dibajai dengan keberanian, berupaya untuk menatijahkan penemuan yang dapat membimbing umat Islam menghadapi cabaran sekularisasi yang meniupkan semangat kekeliruan, fanatisme, materialisme dan perpecahan ke segenap penjuru dunia.

Saya yakin simposium ini amat bersesuaian dengan kehendak dan keperluan semasa umat Islam dan masyarakat dunia. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia amat berbesar hati kerana dapat menjadi tuan rumah bagi perhimpunan ilmuwan dan cendekiawan yang cukup tinggi ilmunya untuk dikongsi bersama dalam simposium ini.

Sekian.

Prof. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Sharifah Hapsah Syed Hasan Shahabudin Naib Canselor

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

5 Kata Alu-aluan Pengarah Institut Islam Hadhari, UKM

Dengan penuh rasa kesyukuran ke hadzrat Allah S.W.T. saya ingin mengucapkan selamat bersimposium kepada semua peserta dari Malaysia dan Jepun di Simposium Antarabangsa Islam, Peradaban dan Sains yang ke-4 yang dianjurkan bersama antara Institut Islam Hadhari dengan Center for Islamic Area Studies, Universiti Kyoto.

Simposium kali ini ini juga turut dianjurkan dengan kerjasama Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA) dan Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM).

Bagi pihak Institut Islam Hadhari, saya juga ingin merakamkan setinggi-ringgi penghargaan kepada Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Perdana Menteri Malaysia yang ke-5 yang sudi untuk menyampaikan ucapan alu-aluan dan seterusnya merasmikan simposium ini. Kami juga ingin merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada pihak Naib Canselor UKM yang merestui penganjuran simposium ini.

Saya juga ingin merakamkan kesyukuran saya ke hadzrat Allah S.W.T. yang telah membolehkan simposium kali ke-4 bersama-sama dengan Universiti Kyoto ini dilaksanakan. Sesungguhnya kerjasama dan jalinan jaringan penyelidikan yang kukuh dan mantap antara Institut Islam Hadhari, UKM dengan Center for Islamic Area Studies, Universiti Kyoto membolehkan simposium ini direalisasikan. Simposium ini memberikan peluang dan wadah terbaik kepada kedua-dua penyelidik dan pelajar siswazah dari kedua- dua institusi ini untuk berinteraksi, bertukar-tukar pandangan dan bekerjasama untuk membentangkan hasil kajian mereka.

Saya harap simposium ini akan membuahkan beberapa idea baru untuk diterokai dalam bidang pemikiran dan peradaban Islam terutamanya dampak sains dan teknologi ke atas kesejahteraan masyarakat sedunia.

Isu alam sekitar, kebejatan ekonomi dan manipulasi mata wang dan sistem ekonomi serta gejala sosial merupakan permasalahan bersifat peradaban yang akan menjejaskan keharmonian dan kesejahteraan hidup bermasyarakat di dunia ini sekiranya dibiar berleluasa tanpa teguran dan sanggahan yang bersumberkan nilai-nilai ilmiah dan akhlakiah agama.

Justeru, saya berharap simposium ini akan melakarkan sistem alternatif bertunjangkan Islam yang boleh membimbing masyarakat sedunia untuk membebaskan diri daripada bibit-bibit keraguan, kecelaruan dan kesengsaraan yang diakibatkan oleh isu-isu ini.

Sekian, selamat bersidang.

Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mohd Yusof Hj Othman Pengarah Institut Islam Hadhari

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

6 Latar belakang simposium

Institut Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) ditubuhkan untuk melakar, memperkembang dan membangunkan gagasan Islam Hadhari yang ditakrif sebagai “suatu pendekatan pembangunan manusia, masyarakat dan negara Malaysia yang bersifat menyeluruh, berdasarkan kepada perspektif tamadun Islam.”

Setakat ini, Institut Islam Hadhari telah melantik seramai 11 Felo yang merupakan penyelidik dalam pelbagai bidang ilmu seperti sains tabii, sains kemasyarakatan, sejarah dan ekonomi.

Institut Islam Hadhari juga telah menghasilkan lebih daripada 9 buah buku dan 2 prosiding persidangan sehingga kini, selain menyelenggara penerbitan Jurnal Hadhari yang merupakan jurnal yang memuatkan penulisan berkenaan pelbagai aspek Peradaban Islam dan diterbitkan dua kali setahun.

Center for Islamic Area Studies, Kyoto University merupakan salah satu daripada serangkaian lima pusat penyelidikan berasingan yang masing-masing menumpukan kajian kepada aspek-aspek berbeza dalam bidang Kajian Rantau Islam (Islamic Area Studies).

Bidang Kajian Rantau Islam secara amnya bermatlamat meneroka penzahiran Islam sebagai sebuah agama dan peradaban dari segala segi di peringkat sejagat dan antarabangsa, mahupun yang terpamer dalam identiti, budaya dan sejarah setempat Kaum Muslimin.

Pengkhususan penyelidikan di Center for Islamic Area Studies, Kyoto University (KIAS) adalah kajian organisasi antarabangsa dan institusi-institusi yang tertubuh di Dunia Islam (international organization/institutes in the Islamic World).

**

Simposium Antarabangsa Islam, Peradaban dan Sains 2013 (ISIMCAS 2013) merupakan simposium ke-4 yang telah dianjurkan bersama-sama oleh Institut Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan Center for Islamic Area Studies, Kyoto University, semenjak ia dimulakan pada tahun 2009. Simposium kali ini juga melibatkan penyertaan daripada Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA), UKM serta Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM).

Tema bagi ISIMCAS 2013 adalah “Al-Qur’an sebagai Asas Pemikiran dan Pembangunan Sains” (The Holy Qur’an as the Basis for Scientific Thought and Development) yang telah dipilih bagi menyuluh perhatian terhadap peranan penting yang dimainkan oleh ilmu pengetahuan sains dalam menentukan hala tuju dan membentuk nasib peradaban manusia pada zaman ini, samada dari segi keilmuan, nilai moral dan tatasusila, ekonomi dan pembangunan, makna diri dan kebahagiaan.

Lebih penting lagi, diharapkan simposium antarabangsa ini berperanan untuk memulakan perbincangan bersifat kritis tentang kelebihan, risiko dan cabaran yang tersirat dalam kemajuan dalam bidang sains dan teknologi, khasnya ke atas identiti dan masa depan masyarakat beragama yang perlu bergelut dengan tuntutan agama dan desakan pemodenan yang dijaja tanpa henti oleh peradaban Barat.

Apakah ilmu pengetahuan sains dapat menawarkan ubat ajaib (magical cure) yang dapat mengusir segala kebejatan dan kesengsaraan yang dialami oleh masyarakat masani? Apakah khazanah keilmuan dan keagamaan yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh Kaum Muslimin dapat menghadapi tentangan bersifat keilmuan yang disebarkan oleh peradaban Barat? Bagaimanakah seharusnya kesimpulan dan penemuan terkini dalam bidang sains dan teknologi harus didepani dengan yakin dan berani oleh masyarakat Islam?

7 Aturcara simposium

Waktu SELASA Waktu RABU

8.00- 9.00

Pendaftaran peserta dan ketibaan tetamu 8.00- 8.30

Sarapan 9.10

9.15

9.20

9.30

9.45 10.00

Ketibaan Naib Canselor UKM

Prof. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Sharifah Hapsah Syed Hasan Shahabudin

Ketibaan Perasmi Simposium

YABhg. Tun Abdullah Hj. Ahmad Badawi Mantan Perdana Menteri Malaysia Bacaan doa

Ucapan Alu-aluan Naib Canselor UKM Prof. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Sharifah Hapsah Syed Hasan Shahabudin

Ucapan Perasmi Simposium

YABhg. Tun Abdullah Hj. Ahmad Badawi Sesi Penyampaian Cenderamata

Jamuan pagi Sidang Akhbar

8.30- 1.00

Sidang selari 4, 5 dan 6

10.45- 11.45

Ucap utama 1:

Peradaban Islam dari Kaca Mata Global:

Tinjauan ke atas Pemodenan Jepun dan Masa Depan Malaysia.

Prof. Dr. KOSUGI Yasushi

Pusat Kajian Rantau Islam, Universiti Kyoto, Jepun.

11.45- 12.45

Ucap utama 2:

Epistemologi, Matematik dan Sains:

Krisis Paradigma dalam Pendidikan Prof. Madya Dr. Mat Rofa Ismail Institut Penyelidikan Matematik,

Universiti Putra Malaysia 1.00-

2.30

Makan tengah hari dan Solat Zuhur 1.00- 2.30

Makan tengah hari dan Solat Zuhur 2.30-

7.00

Sidang selari 1, 2 dan 3 2.30- 7.00

Sidang selari 7, 8 dan 9

8 Itinerary of symposium

Time TUESDAY Time WEDNESDAY

8.00- 9.00

Registration of participants and arrival of guest

8.00- 8.30

Breakfast 9.10

9.15

9.20

9.30

9.45 10.00

Arrival UKM Vice Chancellor Prof. Tan Sri Dato 'Seri Dr. Sharifah Hapsah Syed Hasan Shahabudin Officiating arrival Symposium

YABhg Tun Abdullah Hj. Ahmad Badawi Former Prime Minister of Malaysia Prayer

Welcome address the Vice-Chancellor of UKM

Prof. Tan Sri Dato' Seri Dr. Sharifah Hapsah Syed Hasan Shahabudin Officiating Speech Symposium

YABhg. Tun Abdullah Hj. Ahmad Badawi Souvenir Presentation Session

Banquet am Press Conference

8.30- 1.00

Parallel sessions 4, 5 and 6

10.45- 11.45

First keynote:

Islamic Civilization in a Global Perspective with Special Reference to the

Japan’s Modernization and Malaysia’s Future.

Prof. Dr. KOSUGI Yasushi

Center for Islamic Area Studies, Kyoto University 11.45-

12.45

Second keynote:

Epistemology, Mathematics and Science:

A Paradigm Crisis in Education Prof. Madya Dr. Mat

Rofa Ismail

Institute of Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia 1.00-

2.30

Lunch and Zohor prayers 1.00- 2.30

Lunch and Zohor prayers

2.30- 7.00

Parallel sessions 1, 2 and 3 2.30- 7.00

Parallel sessions 7, 8 and 9

9 Jadual Sidang dan Pembentangan

SELASA (PETANG)

Tema Permulaan Alam

S emesta, Insan dan Hidupan

Hakikat Insan dan Jiwanya Tafsir Saintifik al-Qur’an

Pengerusi En. Wan Mohd Aimran Wan Mohd

Kamil

Prof. Dr. Jawiah Dakir Dr. Wan Nasyarudin Wan

Abdullah

Masa Sidang

1

Sidang 2 Sidang 3

2.30-3.00 Haslin Ramli Quranic Cosmology: Impact of Contemporary Cosmology on the

Interpretations of Quranic passages related to the Origin of

the Universe

Fariza Md Sham Hubungan Tingkah Laku

Manusia Dengan Proses Penciptaan Adam A.S.:

Tinjauan Awal

Azman Yusof Metodologi Tafsir al Fathun Nawa:

Satu Tinjauan Awal

3.00-3.30 Mohammad Faris Al-Hadid:

Penciptaan Yang Suci

Sakinah Ab Rahim Konsep Kesejahteraan

Spiritual Menurut Islam

Rohizan Ya Konsep dan Pendekatan Pendidikan al-Quran ke arah

Pencetus Modal Insan 3.30-4.00 Mohd Nasir Omar

Yahya ibn Adi on the Nature of Man and His Self

Khairul Anuar Indeks Mental-Kognitif Islam:

Satu Penanda Aras Psikospiritual Islam Remaja Berisiko

Nor Syamimi Tumbuh-tumbuhan

dalam al-Quran 4.00-4.30 Muhammad Abdul Latiff

Abu Bakar Malaysian Primates Genetic Diversity: Islamic

Perspectives

Fatin Hazwani Siran

Signifikan Personaliti Beragama dan Kebahagiaan Keluarga: Satu

Analisis

Aminah Abdullah The Health Benefits of

Pomegranate as Mentioned in the Holy Quran

4.30-5.00

Rehat /Refreshment

5.00-5.30 Azman Ismail

Hubungan Program Mentoring dengan Psikososial Mentee Berdasarkan Perspektif Islam dan

Empirikal

5.30-6.00 Zulfadhli Zafik

Perlaksanaan Bimbingan dan Kaunseling Islam dalam Meningkatkan Keyakinan Beragama

Muamalaf di Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Hulu Langat

Selangor

6.00-6.30 Ahmad Amri Zainal Adnan

Meta-analisis Konsep Pekerja Cemerlang

menurut Perspektif Islam

6.30-7.00 Wan Nadzirah Wan Mohamad

Tingkah Laku Pemilihan Barangan Berlogo

Halal Malaysia

10

RABU (PAGI)

Tema Ekonomi dan Kewangan Politik dan Kepimpinan Sains dan Teknologi Pengerusi Shinsuke Nagaoka Dr. Faizal Mohamed Dr. Faszly Rahim

Masa Sidang 4 Sidang 5 Sidang 6

8.30- 9.00

Mohd Hakimi Shafiai Modern Malaysian Economy

and Its Islamization

Sato Marie

Transnational Islamic Space and Refuge Problems in the Middle

East 9.00-

9.30

Tubagus Thresna Irijanto How Islam Defines Steady-State

in Economic Terms: A Construction

Sato Takahiro

Humanosphere Potentiality Index: Beyond the Perspectives

of HDI

Mohd Yusof Othman Sains Islam: Ke Arah

Pembangunan Yang Lestari 9.30-

10.00

Shinsuke Nagaoka Emergence of the Integrated Islamic Economic System in the

21st Century: Resuscitation or Novel System?

Kurado Ayaka Islamic Civilizational Project of Salim al-Awwa

Muhammad Kamal Deen Bello Jadal (Argumentation) in the Glorious Quran: Purpose

and Aims

10.00- 10.30

Abu Bakar Jaafar The Principal and Tax Systems: An Analysis from

Adam Smith’s View

Mohd Fadhzil Mustafa The Holistic Method by al- Juwayni to the Formation of Integrity: Its Significance to

Civilize Society

Ammalina Dalilah Mohd Isa Perkembangan Sains dan Teknologi dalam Tamadun Islam Selepas Abad ke-13 dalam

Kerajaan Uthmaniyyah 10.30-

11.00

Rehat /Refreshment

11.00- 11.30

S. Shahida

Legal & Syariah Harmonization Challenges in Islamic Finance

Industries

Hairol Anuar Mat Din Pengaruh Nilai dalam Pemilihan Kepimpinan Politik

dalam Kalangan Kelas Menengah Melayu Pasca

DEB

Yuzita Yaacob The Contribution of Muslim

Scholars in Mathematics

11.30- 12.00

Rose Abdullah Theoretical Model of Waqf Based on Islamic Microfinance

Ahmad Faizuddin Ramli Konsep dan Etika Dialog

Antara Agama menurut Perspektif Islam dan Barat

Rozita Che Mustafa Nilai Teras dalam Sains

Islam

12.00- 12.30

Mohd Sobri Awang Maqasid Syarie dalam

Pengurusan Zakat di Malaysia

AB Hafiz Mat Tuah Pembentukan Jati Diri Melayu Dalam

Peradaban Islam

Rosilawati Mohd Hanapi ICT and Islam: An Overview of

the Thought of Muslim Scholars inMalaysia 12.30-

1.00

Norleyza Jailani Exploratory Study on Developing a Conceptual Framework for a Syariah Compliant Online Auction

Wan Ramli Wan Daud Pembinaan Sains dan Teknologi

Melayu

1.00- 1.30

Ai Kawamura Dubai Approach as a Breakthrough of Hybrid

Resolution for Islamic Finance

Wan Ramli Wan Daud Pemilihan Teknologi Berasaskan Fahaman Islam Tentang Teknologi

dan Etika Islam

11

RABU (PETANG)

Tema Sejarah Kebudayaan dan

Masharakat

Sains dan Teknologi Pengerusi Dr. Zuliskandar Ramli Tuan Hj. Shamsul Azhar

Yahya

Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mohd Yusof Hj. Othman

Masa Sidang 7 Sidang 8 Sidang 9

2.30-3.00 Wan Ali Akbar Wan Abdullah Teori Kedatangan Islam ke Alam Melayu: Pertembungan antara Teori Kedatangan dari Arab, China

dan India

Nurbazla Ismail Perintah Khidmat Masyrakat:

Analisis Konsep Hukuman Menurut Hukum Syarak Berdasarkan Maqasid Syariah

Nabihah Liyana Salan Introduction to the History of Science oleh George Sarton: Satu

Tinjauan dari Segi Metod Penulisan 3.00-3.30 Ahmad Zaky Md Ali

Dead Sea Scrolls dan Messiah yang Dinantikan: Satu Analisis Perbandingan

Mohd Nasarudin Abdul Manaf Beberapa Istilah dalam

Kualiti

Nurliyana Mohd Talib Sains dalam Era Uthmaniyyah

Klasik: Kenapa Ia Berlaku?

3.30-4.00 Ahmad Zaky Md Ali Mata Wang pada Pandangan Fiqh dan

Kesannya kepada Ibadah

Bushral Huda Abd Manan Konsep Nilai Guna e-Masjid:

Tinjauan Awal

Aminah Abdullah Current Issues Related to Halal

Food in Malaysia 4.00-4.30 Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli

Malay Sovereignty in Nusantara during the Colonial Era: A Historical

Review

Muhd Rushdi@Rosmaini Md Rasib

Falsafah Pendidikan Islam dalam Membentuk Model Insan

Shaharom Md Zain Pendekatan Sistem Nilai Pendidikan Alam Sekitar dan

Pembangunan Lestari dalam Bidang Kejuruteraan

4.30-5.00

Rehat /Refreshment

5.00-5.30 Azmul Fahmi Kamaruzaman Manuskrip Ijazah Haji Musa Tahir Bukit

Marak al-Kelantani dalam Ilmu Qiraat

Wan Mohtar Wan Yusof Saling Tindak Darjat Guru dengan

Amalan Diri untuk Mengilham Harapan Mencipta Masa Depan

Shahidan Radiman Modern Sufi Way: From Metaphysics to Tawhidic Science 5.30-6.00 Bayu Taufiq Possumah

Ibn Khaldun’s Theory of Rise and Fall of Nations: Beyond the Steady-State

Economy in Islamic Thinking

Mujahid Abu Bakar Jati Diri Kakitangan

UKM

6.00.6.30 Wan Najmiah Wan Mohd Ali

Kesyumulan Hukum Pusaka Islam: Kajian Aplikasi Konsep

Takhruj di UPKK Kuala Terengganu

12 Abstrak Ucap Utama Pertama

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION IN A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE:

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JAPAN’S MODERNIZATION AND MALAYSIA’S FUTURE

KOSUGI Yasushi

Director, Center for Islamic Area Studies, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies

Kyoto University

The Islamic civilization has flourished throughout its fourteen-century history as its civilizational centers have shifted from Damascus to Baghdad and Cordoba, to Cairo, Istanbul, Isfahan and Delhi, to cite just some major ones, while its sacred centers, al-Haramayn, the Two Holy Cities, have been continuously radiating from the Arabian Peninsula. Recently, the Islamic world has seen the growth of new centers, such as those in the Gulf and Southeast Asia. In the Gulf, oil-producing countries have seen vigorous development, while in Southeast Asia, a synthesis of Islam and modern economic development has initiated a new phase of Islamic civilization, with Malaysia playing a leading role.

Each and every civilization has its different phases of development, and over the last century or so, the Islamic civilization has been in a major revival phase. The call for Islamic revival, lamenting and self- criticizing the decline of the Islamic world vis-a-vis the Western powers, and seeking remedies for its recovery, has been echoing through the Islamic lands since the middle of the 19th century. However, when viewed retrospectively, the decline of Islamic civilization was more apparent in science and technology, but not necessarily in the technology of social management, as those forerunners felt so acutely. The Islamic technology of social management, with its foundational spirit, was actually quite instrumental in paving the way toward the Islamic revival.

The most formidable task that the Islamic world faces today is finding a way to accelerate civilizational revival based on a balance between modern science and technology and the Islamic technology of social management. The successes of modernization in Japan between the 1860’s and 1990’s were possible because industrialization was accompanied by the growth of modern Japanese ethics, culture and social values, drawing from its tradition and cultural heritage. Japan’s accomplishment as the first Asian non- Western nation to achieve full scale modernization was so impressive that we have started a case study of the Japanese as an obvious model for civilizational transformation.

The fact that Japan could retain its inherent culture and identity during its successful period of modernization suggests that the same can be done for an Islamic country, bringing the Islamic way of life and modernization together. Malaysia has been a pioneer in this respect, and the prospects of Wawasan 2020 would be crucially important for the Islamic world as a whole.

One major problem in this era is globalization. Modernization in an earlier less globalized period was a much easier and less complicated process than the one we face today. Even Japan, in the last two decades, has opted to accommodate globalization through Americanization, rather than by hammering out another Japanese model suitable for these times. The Islamic world has proved that an Islamic civilizational revival is possible. We may count it as a major achievement. The coming phases, however, demand more actualization in the path of civilizational revival. Since modern civilization based on the Western model has begun to malfunction, having outgrown the worldwide, ego-centric, financial capitalist system, manifesting many serious global problems, Islamic civilization can and must contribute not only to its own revival but also to the reform of the civilizational conditions of mankind as a whole.

13 Abstrak Ucap Utama Kedua

EPISTEMOLOGY, MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE:

A PARADIGM CRISIS IN EDUCATION

Mat Rofa Ismail

Institute for Mathematical Research Universiti Putra Malaysia

In an Islamic epistemology, cognitive knowledge is classified into three main categories: metaphysics, mathematics and natural sciences. The classification in the Islamic epistemology is also generally described by terms of the intellectual sciences (al-‘ulum al-‘aqliyyah) and the transmitted sciences (al-

‘ulum al-naqliyyah). The transmitted sciences are solely originated from the Qur’an.

Mathematics and natural sciences are classified under the intellectual sciences. In the intellectual sciences, metaphysics is the ultimate destination for all branches of sciences in the classification. In this scheme, technology is referred as a technical output of the fundamental natural sciences. In Islamic tradition, mathematical sciences were pursued for the service of religious matters and pertaining to everyday’s life of a Muslim. Mathematics is the intermediate discipline between the lower groups of knowledge, that is the natural sciences to the higher knowledge, that is metaphysics. All these three components were bound in one solid body as a set of integrated knowledge. This classification defines the domain of each component in the epistemology relative to the goal of metaphysical virtues. This is the classical value in mathematical sciences. This is the paradigm underlying the very foundation of Islamic Education, which defines the value in mathematical sciences.

However, the crisis in the Western Scholasticism has shifted the integrated paradigm to the value-free of logical-positivism paradigm, which excludes metaphysics in the scheme. In this paper, we discuss the consequence of the latter upon our system of education in Malaysia.

14 Abstrak Kertas Kerja

SIDANG 1: PERMULAAN ALAM SEMESTA, INSAN DAN KEHIDUPAN 1-A

QURANIC COSMOGONY: IMPACT OF CONTEMPORARY COSMOLOGY ON THE INTERPRETATION OF QURANIC PASSAGES RELATING TO THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

Haslin Hasan & Abd Hafiz Mat Tuah

Cosmogony refers to the origination of the physical universe and its evolution. With the recent discovery of an event termed 'Big Bang' indicating the starting point of the known Universe, cosmogony subject has now entered the discussion among the scientific community. This paper discusses how modern scientific findings influenced the interpretation of cosmogonic passages in the Quran specifically 21:30 (on the common origin of earth and skies), 7:54 (on six days creation) and 51:47 (on the expansion of the Sky). This study covers only the physical aspects of Quranic cosmogony. We however only focuses on modern scientific discoveries and Tafsirs. Comparison among recent cosmological theories and Quranic interpretations available in modern Tafsirs, books and Internet sources are being made against the classical works of Islam (Turath al-Islami). Our study shows that modern scientific findings do influence modern Muslim understanding on the Quran’ scosmogonical terms, concepts and narratives both by modifying the older Tafsir sources, even deviating from them altogether offering fresh ideas. This study may help us to understand the development of Tafsir in the modern era where scientific progress has advanced and knowledge sources are decentralized through the Internet.

1-B

AL-HADID: UNSUR PENCIPTAAN YANG SUCI Faszly Rahim, Mohd Yusof Othman, Wan Nasyrudin Wan Ahmad, Wan Mohd Aimran Wan Mohd Kamil & Mohammad Faris Mohammad Esa

Besi merupakan elemen kimia yang mempunyai peranan yang penting yang masih sukar difahami. Kajian sains telah membuktikan bahawa besi merupakan unsur yang sangat penting kepada sejarah pembentukan awal bumi dan juga fungsinya kepada kehidupan. Dalam Al-Quran turut mengungkapkan hal besi hinggakan surah ke-57 yakni al-Hadid yang memberikan makna besi. Kajian kepustakaan dijalankan bagi mengumpul beberapa maklumat mengenai besi.

Dalil al-Quran telah membuktikan bahawa penciptaan besi ini bukanlah di bumi tetapi di luar sistem solar iaitu di luar sistem angkasa dan besi ini telah ‘diturunkan‘ daripada langit oleh Allah SWT. Kehadiran besi juga menghasilkan medan yang membentuk lapisan menjadi perisai kepada bumi. Dalil telah membuktikan bahawa fakta sains moden kini tidak bercanggah seperti yang telah dinyatakan dalam kalamullah.

1-C

YAHYA IBN ‘ADI ON THE NATURE OF MAN AND HIS SELF Mohd Nasir Omar

Yahya Ibn ‘Adi (d.974), Ibn Zur‘ah (d.1008), Ibn al-Khammar (d.1017) and Abu ‘Ali al-Samh (d.1027) were among Christian scholars who especially distinguished themselves in the 10^th/11^th century Islamic Baghdad. Some of these Christian translators were no mere translators any more, but genuine scholars. The chief architect among them was Yahya Ibn ‘Adi. He was not only the leader of his group but was also dubbed as the best Christian translator, logician and theologian of his times. This is justified, in addition, by his ample productivity in those fields of enquiry. A considerable number of such works have evidently been used by contemporary and later writers, and have also reached us today. Hence we consider that it is in these aspects that his distinctive contributions to scholarship lie, and therefore he deserves more serious study. This qualitative work, thus, seeks to make an analytical study of Yahya Ibn

‘Adi’s theory of the nature of man and his self, as well as the effects of the self on human character as reflected in his major work on ethics, Tahdhib al-Akhlaq (The Refinement of Character).

15 1-D

MALAYSIAN PRIMATES GENETIC DIVERSITY: ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES Muhammad Abdul-Latiff Abu Bakar, Safiah Shariff, Nor Amanina Zahar,

Salmah Yaakop & Badrul Munir Md-Zain

In the name of ALLAH the most Gracious and most Merciful, Al-Qur’an has set precedent more than 1400 years before modern science as we know today. ALLAH SWT explained in the holy Al-Qur’an that ALLAH SWT creates various types of living things and their various functions and behaviours. ALLAH SWT and our beloved Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) himself have urged us to seek knowledge, because from knowledge we will be astounded by ALLAH SWT perfect creations. Malaysia has been termed with biodiversity hotspot, as our tropical rainforests contain more than 150, 000 species with 164 of it are endemic species of animals and plants; among which 5 families, 9 genus, 18 species and more than 30 subspecies are primates. The objectives of this study is to determine the genetic diversity of three Malaysian primates, Macaca fascicularis, Trachypithecus cristatus and Trachypithecus obscurus using phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA of selected primates were sequenced and analyzed and were used as data for phylogenetic tree reconstructions and genetic distance analysis. The results indicated that all three species of selected primates segregated according to their distributions in the phylogenetic tree (Borneo, Northern, Middle and Southern Peninusular Malaysia). This is yet another sign of ALLAH SWT greatness in creating a diverse living things, even similar morphologically, but differ genetically.

SIDANG 2: HAKIKAT INSAN DAN JIWANYA

2-A

HUBUNGAN TINGKAHLAKU MANUSIA DENGAN PROSES PENCIPTAAN ADAM A.S.TINJAUAN AWAL

Fariza Md Sham, , Jawiah Dakir, Yusuf Othman, Wan Nasyrudin Wan Abdullah, Khaidzir Ismail, Hj. Shamsul Azhar Yahya, Maheram Ismail & Noor Erma Azila Binti Mohd Pawzi

Persoalan tentang tingkahlaku manusia sering diperbincangkan dalam kalangan ahli psikologi sama ada ahli psikologi Islam mahu pun Barat.Perbezaan dan persamaan dalam perbincangan tersebut bergantung kepada perspektif, teori dan sumber yang dipegang ahli psikologi.Ahli psikologi Islam menjadikan wahyu dan al-Sunnah sebagai sumber rujukan utama, manakala perspektif Barat merujuk kepada kajian empirical yang mewujudkan teori tingkahlaku. Oleh itu, teori Barat tentang tingkahlaku manusia hanya mengkaji tentang hubungannya dengan faktor persekitaran, keluarga dan kendiri. Walau pun ada teori yang mengaitkan ngkahlaku dengan biologi, tetapi perbincangan mereka lebih kepada proses biologi dari sudut sains semata-mata dan tidak menghubungkan dengan proses kejadian manusia yang pertama iaitu Nabi Adam.Oleh itu, artikel ini menfokuskan hubungan antara tingkahlaku manusia dengan proses kejadian Adam a.s. Analisis teks akan dilakukan berdasarkan kitab-kitab berkaitan huraian nas-nas al-Quran dan al-Hadis,termasuk kitab-kitab tafsir. Kajian mendapati Allah s.w.t telah menjadikan Adam a.s dari pelbagai peringkat dan jenis tanah iaitu, turab, tin,tin lazib, hama’ masnun, salsal ka al-fakhkhar dan nafkh al-ruh. Pelbagai jenis tanah ini mempengaruhi biologi manusia seperti warna kulit, wajah dan tingkahlaku mereka.

2-B

KONSEP KESEJAHTERAAN SPIRITUAL MENURUT ISLAM Sakinah Ab. Rahim

Spiritual merupakan sisi yang bersifat bukan material (tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata kasar) dalam hakikat kejadiannya selain fizikal (yang bersifat material). Walaupun tidak kelihatan, spiritual memainkan peranan utama dalam membentuk keperibadian serta jalan hidup manusia. Imam Al-Ghazali menyenaraikan empat intipati spiritual iaitu roh, kalbu, akal dan jiwa. Setiap intipati spiritual ini berperanan dalam mengenal serta mendekatkan diri manusia itu kepada Allah sekaligus membawa kepada perasaan sejahtera. Keimanan yang kukuh, ilmu bermanfaat yang diamalkan, dan istiqamah dalam beribadah membawa kepada kesejahteraan spiritual sekaligus membuahkan akhlak mulia pada diri manusia.

Tambahan pula, spiritual yang sejahtera juga mencerminkan kelangsungan hubungan antara manusia dengan Allah, dirinya sendiri, masyarakat, dan persekitaran. Hakikatnya, spiritual yang sejahtera telah dijanjikan Allah akan kejayaan hidup di dunia dan kebahagiaan di akhirat kelak seperti mana yang telah dikhabarkan-Nya dalam Al-Quran.

16 2-C

INDEKS MENTAL-KOGNITIF ISLAM: SATU PENANDA ARAS PSIKOSPIRTUAL ISLAM REMAJA BERISIKO

Khairil Anwar &KhaidzirHj. Ismail

Tujuan kertas kerja ini adalah untuk menjelaskan indeks mental-kognitif islam remaja berisiko. Mental-kognitif islam yang diistilahkan sebagai suatu struktur dalaman manusia yang melahirkan persepsi, introspeksi, memori, kreativiti, imaginasi , konsepsi, keyakinan, penalaran, kemauan, dan emosi sebagai suatu kesatuan cara berfikir yang berteraskan Islam, adalah satu usaha untuk meramal dan sebagai pendekatan dalam mengenalpasti serta menyelesaikan masalah psikologikal remaja berisiko. Enam pusat pemulihan telah dipilih untuk kajian ini dengan melibatkan seramai 490 pelatih dan 128 pelajar dari sebuah sekolah menengah kebangsaan sebagai kumpulan kawalan. Latarbelakang status ekonomi ibu bapa responden juga dikenalpasti dan pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan borang soal selidik yang mengandungi alat pengukuran mental-kognitif Islam. Data dianalisis menggunakan formula matematikal untuk membentuk indeks mental-kognitif islam yang terdiri dari beberapa domain. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan indeks mental-kognitif Islam berada pada tahap yang rendah (skor 51.56). Penemuan kajian ini mencadangkan pembinaan satu modul intervensi dan prevensi terhadap gejala sosio-psikologikal remaja melalui asas konsep mental-kognitif Islam, psikososial Islam dan amalan sunnah.

2-D

SIGNIFIKAN PERSONALITI BERAGAMA DAN KEBAHAGIAAN KELUARGA: SATU ULASAN Fatin Hazwani binti Siran

Menikmati kebahagiaan dan kegembiraan adalah impian semua orang. Begitu juga apabila berkeluarga, melahirkan suasana yang bahagia dalam hubungan kekeluargaan menjadi agenda penting setelah berkahwin. Kajian-kajian kebelakangan ini mendapati kualiti keluarga semakin merosot akibat daripada mengejar kemajuan dan kemodenan yang lebih mementingkan aspek material. Hakikatnya hubungan dengan Allah s.w.t dan hubungan sesame ahli keluarga adalah elemen paling penting untuk mencapai keluarga bahagia. Di dalam kedua-dua eleman tersebut faktor personaliti beragama berperanan untuk merealisasikan usaha-usaha untuk mencapai kebahagiaan keluarga . Menyedari kepentingan personaliti agama ini, penulisan ini akan cuba mengupas kepentingan tersebut dan fungsinya kepada kebahagiaan keluarga. Selain itu penulisan juga akan mengenengahkan ciri-ciri personaliti beragama yang mesti ada di dalam diri setiap ahli keluarga. Ini kerana kebahagiaan keluarga bukan bergantung kepada satu pihak sahaja tetapi ahli keluarga keseluruhannya. Kupasan penulisan ini menjadikan Al-Quran dan hadith sebagai teras penulisan yang utama di samping pendapat ulama serta kajian-kajian lalu sebagai mengukuhkan hujah penulisan.

2-E

HUBUNGAN PROGRAM MENTORING DENGAN PRESTASI PENGAJIAN MENTE BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DAN EMPIRIKAL

Azman Ismail, Kamsiah Hasbullah, Anna Maja, Nurul Husna Arshad, Nurul Huda, Rifhan Zafirah Mohd, Rizal Abu Bakar, Mohamad Azhari Abu Bakar,

Hasan Al-Banna Mohamed & Aman Daima Md Zin

Kajian ini meneroka literatur mentoring dari perspektif Islam dan Barat dengan mengukur impak program mentoring ke atas prestasi pengajian mente menggunakan sampel 200 borang soalselidik yang diisi dengan lengkap oleh pelajar yang menuntut di kampus utama sebuah universiti kerajaan di Malaysia Timur (UKMT). Keputusan analisis Regresi Stepwise telah menghasilkan dua dapatan penting pertama, komunikasi yang berasaskan Prinsip Qaulan dalam al-Quran mempunyai korelasi yang positif dan signifikan dengan prestasi pengajian. Kedua, penyertaan dalam program mentoring mempunyai korelasi yang positif dan signifikan dengan prestasi pengajian. Keputusan kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa komunikasi berasaskan Prinsip Qaulan dalam al-Quran telah memainkan peranan sebagai pemboleh ubah peramal yang penting kepada prestasi pengajian dalam organisasi kajian. Justeru itu, perbincangan, implikasi dan kesimpulan turut dibincangkan dalam kajian ini.

17 2-F

PELAKSANAAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEYAKINAN BERAGAMA MUALLAF DI PEJABAT AGAMA ISLAM DAERAH HULU LANGAT SELANGOR MALAYSIA

Zulfadhli Zafik

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat pelaksanaan bimbingan dan kaunseling Islam yang dijalankan di Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Hulu Langat Selangor dalam meningkatkan keyakinan beragama muallaf. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 25 orang Saudara Baru yang mengikuti kelas yang diadakan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah berbentuk kajian lapangan, melalui kaedah soal selidik dan diusuli dengan temu bual para pembimbing, pihak pengurusan dan beberapa orang saudara baru serta pengamatan langsung ke lapangan. Dapatan kajian mendapati pelaksanaan bimbingan dan kaunseling Islam yang dijalankan Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Hulu Langat Selangor adalah baik. Ini dibuktikan dengan perubahan yang dialami muallaf yang telah mengikuti bimbingan dan kaunseling Islam yang dijalankan serta meningkatkan keyakinan beragama mereka.

2-G

META-ANALISIS KONSEP PEKERJA CEMERLANG MENURUT PERSPEKTIF ISLAM.

Ahmad Amri bin Zainal Adnan

Meta-analisis ini menyorot pendekatan-pendekatan dari pelbagai sudut pandang bagi mengetengahkan konsep pekerja cemerlang. Perbincangan mengenai konsep pekerja cemerlang dari perspektif Islam telahpun dibangkitkan oleh pengkaji-pengkaji dari bidang Pengajian Islam, Pengurusan dan Psikologi. Oleh kerana latar belakang bidang yang pelbagai ini, fokus dan perspektif konsep yang diketengahkan juga merangkumi pelbagai aspek seperti fitrah manusia, nilai kemanusiaan, personaliti, sikap, tingkah laku dan keupayaan kerja. Perbandingan pemikiran pengkaji dari era tahun 1980-an hingga kini dilakukan bagi melihat pola perubahan sepanjang 30 tahun kebelakangan ini. Seterusnya, analisis terhadap pola ini menyingkap mengapa berlaku perbezaan pandangan dalam kalangan pengkaji.

2-H

TINGKAHLAKU PEMILIHAN BARANGAN BERLOGO HALAL MALAYSIA: KERANGKA TEORI Wan Nadzirah Binti Wan Mohamad

Kajian ini memfokuskan mengenai tingkahlaku masyarakat Islam dalam memilih barangan berlogo halal Malaysia.

Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenalpasti pola amalan dan tingkahlaku pemilihan masyarakat Islam terhadap barangan berasaskan logo halal Malaysia. Kajian akan dilakukan di Lembah Kelang. Ini memandangkan ia sebagai sampel kajian penyelidik kerana di kawasan tersebut mengandungi populasi penduduk yang terdedah kepada pelbagai jenis produk makanan dan barang gunaan yang mempunyai logo halal dan tidak mempunyai logo halal. Kawasan berkenaan merupakan bandar metropolitan yang didiami oleh majoriti masyarakat yang beragama Islam. Justeru kajian mengenai tingkahlaku masyarakat Islam khusus di Lembah Kelang adalah wajar dan sesuai dilakukan. Responden terdiri daripada masyarakat Islam yang berumur antara 18 sehingga 60 tahun di kalangan remaja, belia, dewasa, dan warga tua . Demografi responden akan dikaji sama ada mendapat pendidikan agama atau pun tidak untuk menentukan tingkahlaku pemilihan barangan berlogo halal Malaysia. Metod kajian yang akan digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah dengan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kaedah kualitatif melibatkan kajian kepustakaan. Manakala kaedah kuantitatif ialah kajian lapangan bagi memperolehi data primer dan data sokongan melalui persampelan secara rawak mudah ke atas 500 orang masyarakat Islam di Lembah Kelang. Soal selidik kepada responden melalui Skala Likert 1 hingga 6. Skala 1 menunjukkan sangat tidak setuju dan skala 6 menunjukkan sangat setuju. Kajian rintis akan dilakukan bagi mengetahui tahap kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan item-item soal selidik yang dibina oleh penyelidik.

Temubual semi-struktur akan dilakukan bagi memperolehi maklumat tambahan selain daripada menggunakan kaedah borang soal selidik tersebut ke atas responden yang terpilih. Seterusnya analisis data akan dilakukan melalui Statistical Package For The Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 20. Analisis data ini akan menunjukkan tahap tingkahlaku pemilihan masyarakat Islam terhadap pemilihan barangan berlogo halal Malaysia.

18 SIDANG 3: TAFSIR SAINTIFIK AL QURAN

3-A

METODOLOGI TAFSIR AL FATHUN NAWA: SATU TINJAUAN AWAL Azman Yusof

Al Fathun Nawa merupakan sebuah buku kajian al-Quran yang mengandungi pentafsiran 36 ayat iaitu 7 daripada surah al-Fatihah dan 29 ayat daripada surah al-Baqarah. Penulis mendapati pengarangnya menggunakan kaedah pentafsirannya yang tersendiri. Misalnya setiap huraian tafsir pada ayat-ayat terkait tidak memisahkan antara kehidupan duniawi dengan kehidupan ukhrawi. Berbanding dengan buku tafsir yang telah ada, pengarang memperluaskan penafsiran ayat-ayat al-Quran pada kehidupan duniawi dengan harapan bahawa tafsir ayat-ayat tersebut akan memunculkan furqan atau inovasi dan kreativiti dalam kehidupan yang akhirnya akan melahirkan peradaban manusia.

Pengarang berharap dengan pendekatan tafsir yang baru ini, umat Islam tidak lagi terpinggir daripada kehidupan moden. Oleh kerana itu, pengarang berharap agar para cendikiawan muslim dapat menyumbangkan keilmuannya untuk dikembangkan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan dengan merujuk dan berlandaskan kepada ayat-ayat al-Quran. Walau bagaimanapun, artikel ini hanyalah satu tinjauan awal penulis tentang metodologi pengarang dalam mentafsir dan memahami al-Quran sebagai sumber pembentuk pola baru ilmu teknologi dan peradaban.

3-B

KONSEP & PENDEKATAN PENDIDIKAN ALQURAN KE ARAH PENCETUS MODAL INSAN Rohizan Ya,Khairul Najah Abd Rahim, Hishamuddin Abd Hamid, Mohd Musnizam Mustapha &

Muhammad Rushdie Md Rasib

Al- Quran menjadi pendorong fitrah yang ada pada manusia. Al-Quran telah menunjukkan suatu jalan yang tertentu, yang sesuai denagn kepentingan peribadi dan masyarakat. Kejayaan sesebuah tamadun Negara amat berkait rapat dengan perlaksananya iaitu manusia. Manusia adalah sumber utama dalam menentukan kegemilangan sesebuah tamadun. Oleh itu manusia adalah modal yang paling berharga bagi sesebuah Negara. Maka ianya juga disebut sebagai modal insane. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini ialah mengenengahkan pendekatan al-Quran kepada manusia bagaimana untuk melahir dan membentuk modal insan yang berkualti. Metodologi penulisan adalah bersumberkan kajian kepustakaan dan lain-lain sumber yang berautoriti dalam menguatkan lagi penulisan yang ditulis. Akhirnya, diharapkan pembangunan modal insane yang berteraskan al-Quran dan as-Sunnah dapat melahirkan masyarakat yang bertamadun tinggi dan sanggup memperjuangkan nilai-nilai ketamadunan yang luhur dan murni serta dapat merealisasikan pembangunan modal insane sejagat

3-C

TUMBUH-TUMBUHAN DALAM AL-QURAN Nor SyamimiMohd & Haziyah Hussin

Tumbuh-tumbuhan merupakan unsur penting dalam kehidupan manusia terutamanya sebagai sumber pemakanan dan kelestarian alam.Dalam menyuntik kesedaran manusia terhadap isu ini, al-Quran mengemukakan beberapa topic asas yang merangsang pemikiran mereka untuk menyelidik tentang tumbuh-tumbuhan.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti dimensi perbincangan al-Quran tentang tumbuh-tumbuhan dan menyingkap rahsia penciptaannya.Kajian ini menggunakan rekabentuk analisis kandungan dengan mengaplikasikan pendekatan tafsirtematik.Data dikumpulkan dari teks al-Quran sebagai sumber utama dan dianalisis secara deskriptif.Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tiga unsur utama berkaitan tumbuh-tumbuhan yang dibincangkan dalam al-Quran ialah buah-buahan, sayur-sayuran dan pokok-pokok melalui ungkapan nabat, shajarat,al-tamarat dan lain-lain .Tema-temanya pula ialah penciptaan tumbuh- tumbuhan, kaedah pembiakannya melalui biji benih, pendebungaan melalui angin dan proses tumbesaran, daripada pokok kecil yang berdaun, sehingga menghasilkan buah yang mempunyai pelbagai sepsis dan rasa. Metode pembentangan al-Quran akan isu-isu ini secara ringkas dan dibincangkan di beberapa tempat yang berbeza. Hal ini mendorong manusia berfikir dan mengupayakan potensi mereka melalui tanda-tanda kebesaran dan kekuasaan Allah SWT sebagai pencipta yang agung yang mesti disembah oleh manusia. Hal ini membuktikan bahawa pernyataan dalam al-Quran ada hubungan dengan sains dan menjadi asas kepada perkembangan ilmu Botani moden.

19 3-D

THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF POMEGRANATEASMENTIONED IN THE HOLY QURAN

Aminah Abdullah & Eqbal Dauqan

The Holy Quran mentioned the Pomegranate as one of the blessings and theverses which indicate thepower of God Almighty. Pomegranate juice has antioxidantsthat are super powerful and beneficial to your heart, mind, bones, andoverall health. They are called polyphenols and flavonoids. No other juiceor fruit has more of these types of antioxidants than the pomegranatefruit.The aim of this study was to review the health benefits of pomegranate as mentioned in Holy Quran. The health benefits associated with pomegranate juice have led to the development of pomegranateextracts as botanical dietary supplements. Pomegranates contain hydrolyzable tannins in the form ofpunicalagins and punicalin as well as tannin-based complex oligomers that account for much of theantioxidant activity in juice. The content of ellagic acid has been used to standardize mostpomegranate extract dietary supplements marketed. Pomegranate juice has become more popular becauseof the attribution of important biological actions. Thus, the antioxidant and antitumoralactivity of pomegranate bark tannins. In the past decade,numerous studies on the antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, andanti-inflammatory properties of pomegranate constituentshave been published, focusing on treatment and preventionof cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dental conditions,erectile dysfunction, bacterial infections and antibiotic. Pomegranate is a drought resistant fruit species and is well adapted to theMediterranean conditions.

SIDANG 4: EKONOMI DAN MUAMALAT

4-A

MODERN MALAYSIAN ECONOMY AND ITS ISLAMIZATION Muhammad Hakimi Bin Mohd Shafiai

This paper attempts to look at the role of Islam in the development of Malaysia which contains a description of the Islamization programme. Malaysia can be considered as a realtively ‘new nation’ since it only gained independence from the British in 1957. Since independence, Malaysia has been transformed from a rural economy, to a middle-income nation, and is currently on its way to achieving the status of a developed country with high income levels as stated in the Vision 2020. There is argument that conventional wisdom contends that Islam is unfit to create the foundation of a modern nation that transcends parochial religious sentiments. However, the case of Malaysia shows that Islam can be compatible with the process of modern nation building. In addition to facilitating the development of a modern economy, Malaysia offers a case where the state also pledges support for an Islamization programme. Therefore, it can be argued that the leadership managed to incorporate Islam into the national vision by flexibly and reasonably deducing and rationalising the Islamic teachings. To summarise, it can be said that, comparatively speaking, after enjoying the fruits of modern economic development, Islamization in Malaysia has progressed gradually and rigorously and established Malaysia as one of the model nations in the Islamic world.

4-B

HOW ISLAM DEFINE STEADY STATE IN ECONOMIC TERM: A CONSTRUCTION Tubagus Thresna Irijanto & Abdul Ghafar Ismail

Steady state economy is a new discourse in economic subject. Steady state economy issues arise because there are contradictive between economic growth, environment and ethic aspects. Therefore this paper tried to trace the basic idea of the term steady state in conventional thinking, starting with the observed value of the philosophical basis of these ideas, then look at the implications of the economy, and how these ideas forming the model in explaining the development of the economy and the economic models that provide more value to society. Hence, this paper aims to explore how Islam was trying to give an explanation and guidance how to establish a model economy has a value of the philosophical basis of divinity and humanity in accordance with the character of the basic values of Islam itself. It is hoped that this paper can provide a unique perspective in terms of position and extent of the idea of a steady state especially in the economic models.

4-C

20

RESUSCITATION OR NOVEL SYSTEM? EMERGENCE OF THE INTEGRATED ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

Shinsuke NAGAOKA

After its boom in the 2000s, the practice of Islamic finance faces criticism by those who who aspire the ideal of Islamic economics. They contend that the newly developed Islamic financial products are not compatible with the ideal of Islamic economics, because these products are approved at patchwork screenings by an internal Sharia advisory board.

In order to overcome this situation, several new ideas were proposed by both bankers and scholars. The incubators of this trend tried to exploit the new areas of the practice of Islamic finance, where conventional finance could not ensure enough service or could cause negative effects. They focused on microfinance lending and socially responsible investment (SRI) as concrete areas for applying Islamic finance. In addition to Islamic microfinance and Islamic SRI, the aspiration-oriented school has recently focused on the traditional Islamic economic institutions like waqf and zakat. The practices of these institutions are still alive in the contemporary Islamic world, although they are getting scarce in many regions. The promoters are trying to activate these institutions using the scheme of Islamic finance, tapping a new market for Islamic finance. This presentation focuses on the latter trends (waqf and zakat) in Islamic finance, and attempts to clarify the way of implementing these institutions into the scheme of Islamic finance. Based on the analysis, the presentation considers the historical implications of revitalization of these traditional institutions and, in particular, examines whether this revitalization can be regarded as the resuscitation of the antique Islamic economic system or the emergence of a novel system, which can provide an alternative view to the current capitalistic system.

4-D

DOES THE ADAM SMITH VIEW ON THE PRINCIPLE AND TAX SYSTEM STILL RELEVANCE Abu Bakar Jaafar &Abdul Ghafar Ismail

Tax is the cost paid by individuals or companies to the government. Tax collection methods and how the use of tax money is material hot talk in politics and economics. Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations published in 1776 put forward four key principles of the Taxation System like equity, certainty, convenience and economy. The analysis will be conducted to see how these principles were created. Tax incidence with referring to the several scholars also debated in this study to see the effects of taxes on the economy. Analysis made on the principle of taxation and tax incidence will show how the tax system should be created.

4-E

LEGAL & SHARIAH HARMONIZATION CHALLENGES IN ISLAMIC FINANCE INDUSTRY

S.Shahida, Suhaili Alma’amun & Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai

The growth of Islamic finance industry depends largely on supporting legal and shariah frameworks and infrastructures.

However, there is a lack of harmonized legal and shariah regulations since underlying regulatory framework is based on the conventional. For instance, in Malaysia, the law applicable to Islamic banking is conventional laws based on Common (English) law which may be inconsistent with Islamic law (shariah). In real sense, Islamic law shall be the law applicable to Islamic banking matters. This eventually makes that specific part of the law incompatible with Islamic banking. In addition, the existence of various sects (mazahib) in Islam and the fact that each mazhab has its own authority or body which provides guidance and interpretation on shariah issues especially regarding muamalat makes things more complicated. Differences exist and arise and exist within jurisdiction, as well as between countries and regions. For example, a product allowed by one committee can be rejected by the other committee in the same jurisdiction. The objective of this paper is to examine legal and shariah challenges facing Malaysian Islamic finance industry. As this paper discusses on legal and shariah matters, descriptive research method including library search and document analysis is used. We acknowledged the fact that the product development process until dispute resolution in this industry should be based on shariah. However, with regard to legal framework, any law which does not conflict with shariah is still relevant and could be applied accordingly. It is hoped that findings of this paper would contribute to harmonization of the legal and shariah framework for the industry. This industry is one of the viable instruments towards financial and economic integration at international level. Hence, Islamic countries have to make mutual efforts to provide the right frame for institutional development by the way of legal and shariah harmonization.

21 4-F

THEORETICAL MODEL OF WAQF BASED ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE Hjh Rose Abdullah & Abdul Ghafar Ismail

Waqf is known as religious permanent charity. Historically, waqf play important role in economic development of Islamic countries. It evolved from immovable properties to movable items and now waqf in the form of cash is widely acceptable. This paper highlighting the discussion on the characteristics of waqf, the management of waqf, the issues of waqf and waqf as source of fund for Islamic microfinance.

4-G

MAQASID AL-SHARI^CAH DALAM PENGAGIHAN ZAKAT Mohd Soberi bin Awang

Peningkatan jumlah pungutan zakat di Malaysia dari setahun ke setahun amat menggalakkan dan semakin menunjukkan ke arah positif. Ini bererti kesedaran membayar zakat dikalangan umat Islam semakin meningkat disamping sistem pungutannya yang semakin efisien, tetapi dalam masa yang sama perkara-perkara yang menyentuh kepada pengagihannya agak kurang diberi perhatian sehingga berlakunya surplus di kebanyakan negeri di Malaysia, sedangkan masih ramai di sana kalangan orang Islam yang masih layak dikategorikan sebagai mereka yang layak menerimanya . Bertitik tolak daripada perkara di atas maka perlu ada satu kajian berkaitan maqasid al-shari^cah dalam pengagihan zakat agar masa depan sosioekonomi golongan yang telah disenaraikan oleh al-Qur`an sebagai pihak yang layak menerimanya atau dikenali sebagai asnaf zakat benar-benar terjaga dan terjamin. Sehubungan itu, kertas ini akan membincangkan tentang konsep pengagihan zakat bersandarkan maksud yang tersirat disebalik penetapan syarak mengenai asnaf zakat.

4-H

EXPLORATORY STUDY ON DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR A SYARIAH COMPLIANT ONLINE AUCTION

Norleyza Jailani, Zuraidah Abdullah, Muriati Mukhtar, Mariani Abdul Majid, Shofian Ahmad, Mohd Rosmadi Mokhtar, Marini Abu Bakar, Ni Asini Ni Mae, &

Suriati Jamalludin

Globally, the Muslim Community has made some progress with regards to deploying halal trading, Islamic banking and financial services. The scope of halal trading facilities had been rapidly expanded to embrace the use of new technologies to enable e-business. The focus of these activities however is more on trading halal products and services due to the potential of attracting large volume of online transactions from both Muslim and non-Muslim communities.

Online or electronic auction (e-auction) system such as eBay is one of the e-business applications that has been well received and popular amongst businesses and individual users. The concept of auction or al-muzayadah in general is allowed in Islam. However the conversion of traditional auction into the Internet-enabled setting has introduced new processes in the way auction is conducted. This is especially so in an e-auction environment that uses proxies or software agents to bargain on behalf of human users. Software agents can incorporate personal strategies specified by users and calculate competitive bid score using scoring function and negotiate price and other attributes in order to become a winner in an e-auction. This state of events allows unequal treatments to prospective buyers. This means that those who use agents will have a certain advantage over those who don’t. This can lead to unfair competition which is prohibited in Islam. This is an example of non compliance to Syariah rules in e-business. This paper describes examples of auction practices throughout human civilization from the era of the Roman Empire, the Prophet Muhammad SAW, the traditional Malay Malacca Empire and other Islamic countries, to the era of modern use of auction mechanisms and the online auctions. The work also discusses findings of non-compliancies to Syariah rules found in the case studies conducted in traditional auction carried out by Malaysian companies and some of the current online auction systems.

Based on the findings a conceptual framework which details out the Islamic e-auction processes is suggested.

22 4-I

DUBAI APPROACH AS A BREAKTHROUGH OF HYBRID RESOLUTION FOR ISLAMIC FINANCE Ai KAWAMURA

Abstract: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the financial hubs among the Gulf countries which have a strong banking sector. At the same time, Islamic banking in the UAE has been expanding its market globally and several of the banks’ projects have become effective not only in the domestic financial sector but also in the global market.

Consequently, when the global financial crisis hit the UAE, some of the Islamic financial markets were affected.

However, there was no legal framework for Islamic financial dispute resolution in the UAE at that time. As Islamic finance should be Sharī’a compliant in all aspects, there has been a discussion on how to remain within the jurisdiction of Islamic law when conflict occurs. Historical research on Islamic arbitration and court systems has been reevaluated in order to explore the possibility of solving such cases. As it has been highly effective in conventional financial dispute cases, arbitration is thought to be the most suitable dispute resolution system for Islamic finance. In most cases an arbitration system has been established in order to catch up with the international standards by applying common law.

At the same time, a special arbitration framework for Islamic finance has also been developed which provides guidelines or practical instructions on how to deal with these cases within the conventional system. Arbitration is a way of resolving dispute cases by bringing both parties to a settlement and forming a contract that they will both accept as the resolution.

However, there is no compulsion to obey this resolution so arbitration cases have to be brought before a court in the end if force becomes necessary. Some Islamic finance disputes have been brought before the Dubai court, but most cases are small scale disputes between individuals and banks or financial institutions. Thus, the Islamic financial industry had been struggling to form a new dispute resolution system, and the 2009 Dubai shock brought the need for urgent solutions to Islamic finance dispute resolutions. This incident gave rise to the development of a unique dispute resolution system for Islamic finance, namely, the “Dubai Approach” which is dealt with in this presentation.

SIDANG 5: POLITIK DAN KEPIMPINAN

5-A

TRANSNATIONAL ISLAMIC SPACE AND REFUGEE PROBLEMS IN THE MIDDLE EAST SATO Marie

The Middle East has become host to the frontline of the world’s refugee problem. A huge number of people living in refugee conditions are being hosted within the region, the majority being Palestinians. Solving the refugee issue is globally recognized as one of the major tasks which has not been solved from the 20^th century to the present day. Since most of the refugees come from and are received by Islamic countries, any linkage of the region and refugee issue can be questioned. In this presentation, I will attempt to reconsider the refugee issue from the context of Islam and its relation to the current territorial nation state system. Islam and the Islamic civilization process reflect the hot-arid environment of the Middle East. The importance of water is one of the keys to explaining this reflection which has created oasis-centered social structures and an original life preservation scheme. Widespread trade developed and the cities became the trading centers. Traditionally this trading caused the movement of people through the region, while at the same time many went on the Islamic pilgrimage. Under the influence of the basic political system of the contemporary world, the region has been divided up into territorial nation states. These arbitrary borders have interfered with traditional lifestyles and created refugees, who by definition are people who have crossed an internationally recognized national border. It is notable that most of the Middle Eastern countries have not ratified the international refugee convention for protecting refugees, preferring instead to call them guests or temporary guests.

These countries have however, retained many commonalities of language, religion, and culture, and these commonalties among the stateless refugees have created a transnationality in the region that transcends nations, territorial states, and national borders.

23 5-B

HUMANOSPHERE POTENTIALITY INDEX - BEYOND THE PERSPECTIVES OF HDI SATO Takahiro

Many of the “developed countries” have narrowly set “production,” and particularly “increasing productivity” as their society’s goal. Under this production-centric world view, per capita GDP (or GNP) has long been used as a lucid indicator of the wealth of the citizens. Meanwhile, numerous problems associated with this indicator have been pointed out. In recent years, various organizations have become engaged in efforts to develop indices to take the place of GDP and to evaluate the state of the world from the standpoint of the new concepts, such as “sustainability” or “human development”. These concepts have come to the attention of international society, with the rapid advancement of globalization following the end of cold war. As yet, however, no index has been developed that attempts to place human activities within the context of a reasonable assessment of the global atmospheric-hydrological circulation and the capacities of the world’s diverse life forms. Responding to the current trend of developing indices, we developed the Humanosphere Potentiality Index (HPI), to address the potentiality of enabling the co-existence of environmental sustainability and the welfare of human beings. This perspective derives from the concept of the “humanosphere”, which has supported a more primordial sense of “life” throughout the human history. The Humanosphere Potentiality Index is based on the humanosphere’s 4.6 billion-year history, and attempts to re-evaluate the world’s current situation, which has been dramatically altered over the past two centuries with “production-oriented perspective”. This presentation is divided into five parts. First, the humanosphere, the analytical framework of the HPI, will be explained from the historical perspective. After that, the components of the HPI will be identified and then the method of calculation will be demonstrated. Subsequently, the findings from the HPI will be illustrated. Furthermore, through a comparison with the Human Development Index (HDI), a deeper examination of how the world is viewed from the perspective of the HPI will be presented. Finally, it will be concluded with a summary confirmation of the significance of HPI.

5-C

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONAL PROJECT OF DR. SALĪM AL-AWWĀ KURODA Ayaka

The struggle of Islamic thought, which was strongly stimulated by the “impact of the West”, began at the end of nineteenth century. The position Islam should adopt in the nation-state system which followed the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which ostensibly represented the entity of Islamic world, has been always questioned. Islamic thinkers consider Islam as having comprehensive values that encompass political, cultural, and social aspects of life. Today, the nation-state system is being widely criticized, and with the resurgence of religious values in the post-secular society, one of the problems Islam faces is how to deal with the multi-religious or multi-ethnic states the contemporary era has produced. Another concern is for Muslims who constitute minorities in certain societies in the context of globalization.

Islamist thinkers who have been groping for a way to integrate religion with the state system are facing a new demand.

The tide of globalization requires them to stand on a broader and more comparative viewpoint which is compatible with other values, particularly Western ones. One attitude observed among some centrist Islamic thinkers is to emphasize the cultural aspects of Islam which both Muslim and non-Muslim peoples can share as one nation. This argument, however, always contains the danger that Islam is trivialized within the secular framework. Dr. Salīm al-Awwā is an Egyptian Islamic intellectual who is striving to solve this problem. He belongs to the moderate Islamic stream (Wasatīya) and has tried to realize his ideas in the political and social arena, which makes his position internationally significant in the contemporary Islamic world. This paper, based on the analysis of Awwā’s works, intends to clarify the characteristics of his Islamic thought. Concerned with the tension between state and religion, he attempts to evaluate cultural and civilizational aspects of Islam in the contemporary period, not ignoring its influence in the political arena. His attitude is remarkable on the point that he draws up a civilizational project based on the general values of Islam and broadens the idea from the framework of one nation to the entire Muslim world.