(1)SUBMISSION The Journal publishes manuscripts written in the Malay or English language

(1)

SUBMISSION

The Journal publishes manuscripts written in the Malay or English language. Manuscript submitted to the journal for publication should be original contribution and must not have been previously published or is under consideration simultaneously by any other publication.

Format for manuscript can be obtained from the web page of the journal.

All correspondence pertaining to articles and related matters should be

addressed to:

Editor-in-Chief

SAINS MALAYSIANA

Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., MALAYSIA Tel: 603-89215423

Fax: 603-89256086

E-mail: jsm@ukm.my

Web: www.ukm.my/jsm

International Advisory Board

Abdul Latiff Mohamad,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia P. Brimblecombe,

The University of East Anglia, UK J.O. Hill, La Trobe University, Australia S. Hill, The University of Nottingham, UK F. Khan, The University of Manchester, UK T. Kunz, Boston University, USA

M. Oyama, Kyoto University, Japan I. Pop, University of Cluj, Romania

Editor-in-Chief

R. Abd-Shukor

Editors SAINS MALAYSIANA is a journal published

monthly (twelve issue per year) by Penerbit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The journal contains articles on Earth, Environmental, Health, Life, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. SAINS MALAYSIANA is a refereed journal committed to the advancement of scholarly knowledge and research findings in Science and Technology. The journal publishes articles, reviews, and research notes whose content and approach are of interest to a wide range of scholars.

SAINS MALAYSIANA is indexed and abstracted in ISI Thomson Reuters (Science Citation Index Expanded/ SciSearch®, Journal Citation Reports/ Science Edition), SCOPUS, Chemical Abstracts, Google-Scholar, MyAis, MyJurnal, Zentralblatt MATH and Zoological records. The Impact Factor-JCR/SE 2011 is 0.268, Q3.

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ISSN 0126-6039

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Abdul Ghani Rafek Choong Chee Yen Umar Hamzah Mohd Talib Latif Supian Samat Suzana Shahar