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DETERMINATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS FOR OUR-MODEL FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER

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DETERMINATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS FOR OUR-MODEL FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER

IN HOT-CLIMATE COUNTRIES

By

SHAFIENAZ BT ISMAIL

Report is submitted as the requirement for the degree of Bachelor Engineering (Hons.) (Civil)

UNIVERSITITEKNOLOGI MARA OCTOBER 2004

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DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I Shafienaz IsmaiK 2002238771 confirm that the work is my own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others.

October 2004

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise to ALLAH S.W.T Lord of Universe. Selawat to Nabi Muhammad S.A.W and his companions. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Him tha the help and guidance I have managed to complete this report.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for providing me with all the facilities towards the successful completion of my final project.

A very special gratitude to my project advisor, Prof. Madya Ir. Dr. Hj. Suhaimi Abdul Talib for his advice, patience and never give up to give me guidance throughout this project.

Special thanks also to Pn. Zuhaida Mohd. Zaki, Cik Siti Maizurah Misuan and Cik Noora Samsinar Johari for their contributions in assistants and guidance in implementing the laboratory works.

Last but not least my special thanks also to my beloved parents and deepest appreciation to all my friends who have contribute their help and ideas in completing this project.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1

1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Background of the Study Problem Statement Objectives

Scope of Work Methodology

PAGE

1 2 2 3 3

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Wastewater Composition 5 2.1.1 Biodegradable COD 6 2.1.2 Non-Biodegradable COD 6 2.1.3 Heterotrophic Active Biomass * 6

2.2 Wastewater Characterization 7 2.2.1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 8

2.2.2 Chemical Oxygen Demand 9 2.2.3 Total Organic Carbon 9 2.2.4 Oxygen Utilisation Rate 10 2.2.5 Nitrate Utilization Rate 11 2.2.6 Sulphate Utilization Rate 12 2.3 COD-Fractions " * 12

2.4 COD-Fractions As Used in Activated Sludge Process 15 2.5 Differences Between Activated Sludge Model (ASM)

& Sewer Process Model (SPM) 17

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Generally, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Oxygen Carbon (TOC) are commonly used in wastewater characterization. These conventional methods assess the organic content of wastewater. However no information on the biomass can be obtained from these methods. With the advancement of technology, a new technique the Oxygen Utilization Rate (OUR) model, has been introduced by Volertsen and Hvitved- Jacobsen (1999) to overcome these problems. OUR is based on respirometry which allows COD-fractions in the wastewater to be evaluated. The COD-fractions include biomass (XB), readily biodegradable substrate (Ss), fast hydrolysable substrate (XSi) and slow hydrolysable substrate (Xs2). An OUR model based on the Activated Sludge model that has been developed to facilitate the calculation of COD-fractions from the OUR experiments (Henze et ai, 1985, Henze et ai, 1995, Henze et ah, 1999 and Henze, 2002). The use of OUR has the advantage to provide information about the biomass which is central to the transformation processes in wastewater.

Vollertsen and Hvitved -Jacobsen, (2002) and Gudjonsson et al. (2002) described the use of OUR in characterizing wastewater under sewer conditions. It is expected that OUR will have a pronounce impact on design of processes involving wastewater treatment. Kinetic parameters for OUR model have been established by Kappelar and Gujer, (1992) and Hivtved-Jacobsen, (1999) for wastewater taken in temperate climate countries. The use of the OUR model, on wastewater in hot

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