UNIVERSITI T E K N O L O G I MARA
E V A L U A T I O N T H E RESOLUTION OF GPR RADARGRAM
I N F L U E N C E D B Y LNAPL BASED ON D I F F E R E N T T Y P E OF F R E Q U E N C Y
A B D U L L A H HADI BIN SHABRI
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Surveying Science and Geomatics
Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying
JANUARY 2018
AUTHOR'S DECLARATION
I declare that the work in this project/dissertation was carried out in accordance with the regulations o f Universiti Teknologi M A R A . It is original and is the results o f my own work, unless otherwise indicated or acknowledged as referenced work. This thesis has not been submitted to any other academic institution or non-academic institution for any degree or qualification.
In the event that m y project/dissertation be found to violate the conditions mentioned above, I voluntarily waive the right o f conferment o f my degree o f the Bachelor o f Surveying Science and Geomatics (Honours) and agree be subjected to the disciplinary rules and regulations o f Universiti Teknologi M A R A .
Name o f Student Student's I.D. No.
Faculty
Project/Dissertation Title
Signature and Date
Abdullah Hadi Bin Shabri 2014858272
Architecture, Planning and Surveying
E V A L U A T I O N T H E RESOLUTION OF GPR R A D A R G R A M I N F L U E N C E D B Y L N A P L BASED DIFFERENT TYPE OF FREQUENCY
Approved by:
I certify that I have examined the student's work and found that they are in accordance with the rules and regulations o f the Department and University and fulfills the requirements for the award o f the degree o f Bachelor o f Surveying Science and Geomatics (Honours).
Name o f Supervisor Signature and Date
M i m i Diana Binti Ghazali
ABSTRACT
The contaminated o f subsoil usually happens because o f the leakage o f hydrocarbon from buried tanks or pipe. Hydrocarbons usually come i n the form o f liquids and gaseous with different saturation. These hydrocarbons w i l l interfere with electromagnetic wave from GPR and give an effect to GPR data. The purpose o f this paper is to determine the resolution o f GPR radargram based on different frequeny. Objectives o f this study are to evaluate the vertical and horizontal resolution o f GPR radargram based on different antenna frequency for clean and contaminated soil and to analyse the accuracy o f GPR resolution for high and low frequency. The experiment were conducted using dual antennae ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems with frequency o f 250 MHz and 800 M H z were deploy. As a prelude to acquisition o f field data, a simulation o f GPR surveys was held on a site i n U i T M Aran, Perlis. A pvc pipe was planted i n 3 different soil which are fine sand, coarse sand and gravel. The depth o f the pipe was approximately 0.5m from the surface o f soil. GPR survey were done on the original soil condition and then a new GPR scanning were conducted after the soil had been contaminated by diesel. Next the GPR data being process and filter by using R E F L E X W software to get the necessary parameter to calculate and analyze the resolution o f radargram. The output o f this study shows that the influence o f diesel in soil give a rise i n relative permittivity o f media and thus affected the horizontal and vertical resolution.
CONTENT
AUTHOR'S D E C L A R A T I O N
A B S T R A C T
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T
T A B L E O F CONTENT
L I S T O F T A B L E S
L I S T O F F I G U R E S
L I S T O F APPENDICES
ABBREVIATIONS
C H A P T E R 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Problem Statement 3 1.3 A i m and Objective 4 1.4 Scope o f Study 5 1.5 Research Methodology 6
1.6 Significant Study 9 1.7 Thesis Outline 9
C H A P T E R 2 Literature Review 11 2.1 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) 11
2.2 Background and Basic Principle o f GPR 13
2.3 Electromagnetic Principle o f GPR 14
2.4 Data collection parameters 18
2.5 GPR limitations 20 2.6 GPR Antenna Characteristic 21
2.7 Layer thickness and target depth 23
2.8 Horizontal Resolution 23 2.9 Vertical Resolution 24 2.10 Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid ( L N A P L ) 25
2.11 GPR Depth Resolution Performance 29
C H A P T E R 3 Methodology 31
3.1 Research Methodology 31 3.1.1 Project Planning 31 3.1.2 Data Collection 35 3.1.3 Data Processing 38 3.1.4 Result and Analysis 49
C H A P T E R 4 Result and Analysis 51
4.1 Vertical Resolution (AV) 51 4.2 Horizontal Resolution (AH) 60 4.3 Accuracy Assessment 62
4.4 3D Model 64
C H A P T E R 5 Conclusion and Reccomendation 67
5.1 Introduction 67 5.2 Conclusion 68 5.3 Reccommendation 69
R E F E R E N C E S 70
