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UNIVERSITI SAINS

MALAYSIA First Semester Examination Academic Session 2005l2OOo

November 2005

BOI 109E/4 - Biostatistics [Biostatistik]

Duration :

3 hours fMasa: 3

jam]

Please ensure that this examination paper contains TEN printed

pages

and

NINE pages of Attachment before you begin the examination.

Answer

FIVE out of

SX

questions, in English

or

Bahasa Malaysia.

Each question carries

20

marks.

Sila pastikan bahawa keftas peperiksaan ini mengandungi

SEPULUH

muka

surat yang bercetak

dan

SEMBILAN

muka

surat Lampiran sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.

Jawab LIMA daipada ENAM

soalan

yang

diberikan

dalam

Bahasa lnggeris

atau

Bahasa Malaysia.

Tiap-tiap soalan bernilai 20 markah.

61

...2t-

(2)

l

lal

1.

lBot

109Et4l

-2-

The following data

represents

the volume of mice

erythrocytes (in

cubic microns) taken from normal (diploid) and

inter-sex

individuals

(triploid). Using

an appropriate statistical test,

compare

the

volume of erythrocytes between the two groups

of

individuals.

(15 marks)

Normal Inter-sex

240 262

255 271

239 250

245 285

260 260

251 259

249 282

254 251

269 265

236 274

248 250

Write

a short note on nonparametric statistics.

(

5

marks)

Data beikut merupakan

isipadu

(dalam unit mikron padu)

eritrosit

tikus yang diambil daipada individu normal (diploid) dan

individu

interjentina (intersex - triploid). Dengan menggunakan

ujian

sfafi.sfik yang sesuai bandingkan isipadu eritrosit bagi

dua kumpulan individu ini.

(15 markah)

Normal Inter-sex

240 262

255 271

239 250

245 285

260 260

251 259

249 282

254 251

269 265

236 274

248 250

Tulis nota

ingkas mengenai

statistik

nonparametik

(5 markah) ...31- tbI

Ia]

62

tbI

(3)

I

lBor 10eE/4

-3-

For both cases below, describe how you would conduct the study

and

following that describe the

appropriate

statistical test that would be

used

to analyse the data. For the statistical test, include the hypotheses,

the

calculations to determine the test

statistics,

the rejection region or

critical value and

the

conclusion should Ho be rejected.

[a] You are given

12

sea-bass

(siakap) and

are

required

to

determine

which, among the

muscle,

the kidney and liver tissues, can

store more organochlorine pesticides.

(10 marks)

tbl You are

provided with 2 varieties of soybean seeds.

You

are asked

to grow the beans in order to determine which variety will give

a

better harvest. To

conduct

the study you are

provided

with 6

plots

of

land each with an area of approximately

t

hectare.

(10 marks)

2. Bagi kedua-dua kes di bawah, huraikan bagaimana anda

akan

menjalankan kajian berkenaan dan seterusnya huraikan juga

kaedah statistik

yang sesuai bagi

menganalisis

data yang akan dihasilkan. Bagi penghuraian statistik, sertakan hrpofesis, pengiraan bagi

menentukan

statistik

ujian,

Rawasan

tolak

atau nilai

genting

dan

kesimpulan

sekiranya Ho ditolak.

Anda diberi 12 ekor ikan siakap dan diminta untuk

menentukan

yang mana antara fisu otot, ginjal dan hati

berupaya

mengumpulkan lebih

banyak

pestisid organoklorin.

(10 markah)

tbl Anda diberi dua

jenis biji

kacang

soya. Anda diminta menanam biii-

biji kacang

tersebut

untuk

menentukan

yang mana membei

hasil

yang lebih.

Untuk

kajian

tersebut,

anda diberi

6

plot

tanah dengan

Iuas kawasan lebih

kurang t hektar

setiap satunya.

(10 markah)

Ia]

63

...41-

(4)

)

3.

[BOl

109Er4l

-4-

A student from the School of

Biological

Sciences conducted a study

to

determine the organic content of coastal bottom sediments

around

Penang lsland. Six replicates of bottom sediment were obtained from

5

locations and the organic contents (in mg/g) determined. The

mean values

for

the 6 replicates are as follows:

Location Orqanic Gontent

Teluk Alino 131

Jelutono 295

Bavan Lepas 217

Gertak Sanooul 323

Balik Pulau 259

Upon running ANOVA test, the following results were obtained:

Source of Variation SS

Between Locations 42,431

Within Locations 54,650

Continue the statistical test to enable you to compare the

organic contents of the coastal bottom sediment from

the 5

locations.

(20 marks) Seorang

pelajar dari

Pusat Pengajian Sarns Kajihayat

menjalankan

suatu

kajian untuk menentukan

kandungan

bahan organik bagi sedimen

dasar kawasan

pantai Pulau

Pinang. Enam

replikat

sedimen dasar telah diambil

dari 5 lokasi dan kandungan bahan organiknya (dalam unit

mglg)

ditentuRan. Min

bagi

6

replikat

tersebut

adalah

seperti di bawah.

Lokasi Kandunsan Orqanik

Teluk Alino 131

Jelutonq 295

Bayan Lepas 217

Gertak Sanooul 323

Balik Pulau 259

64

...il-

(5)

lBor

10eE/41

-5-

Setelah menjalankan

ANOVA

hasil berikut didapati:

SumberVariasi ss

Antara Lokasi 42,431

Dalam Lokasi 54,650

Teruskan ujian statistik ini untuk membolehkan anda

membezakan

kandungan organik

bagi

sedimen dasar

lima

lokasi ini.

(20 markah)

4. [a] One of the possible side effects on a woman using

oral

contraceptive (ie taking birth control pills) is increase in

blood

pressure. In a study to confirm this possibility, the systolic

blood

pressures of 15 women volunteers were measured before

and

after 6 months of taking the pills. Based on these results

and

assuming that these data do not come from populations that are normally distributed, run an appropriate statistical test

to

show whether or not it is true that taking the pills will in

fact increase one's blood pressure.

Volunteer Before Taking Pill While Taking

Pills

1 125 127

2 119 118

3 130 134

4 125 130

5 106 111

6 108 108

7 121 120

8 134 140

I

115 121

10 107 115

11 111 114

12 117 123

13 113 118

14 110 115

15 119 117

(12 marks)

Ibl When

running

a

statistical

test we

need

to indicate

either

the a

or

the

p

values.

Explain these values ?

(8 marks) ...6/-

65

(6)

lBor

10eE/41

-6-

[a] Safu daipada Resan sampingan yang mungkin berlaku jika seseorang wanita itu mengamalkan kontraseptif oral

(mengambil

pil pencegah kehamilan) ialah peningkatan tekanan

darah. Dalam

suatu kajian untuk menentukan kebenaran

dal<waan

ini,

tekanan

darah

sisfo/i

bagi

15

orang sukarela wanita telah diambil

sebelum

dan

selepas

mengamalkan

kontraseptif

oral bagi jangka masa

6

bulan. Dengan andaian data ini tidak datang dari populasi yang bertabunn

normal,

jalankan ujian

statistik

yang

sesuai

bagi menentukan

sama

ada

betul

atau tidak tekanan darah

seseorang

itu

boleh meningkat

jika

mengamalkan memakan

piltersebut?

Sukarela Sebelum Menqambil

Pil

Sefelah Mensambil

Pil

1 125 127

2 119 118

3 130 '|'34

4 125 130

5 106 111

6 108 108

7 121 120

8

1U

140

I

115 121

10 107 115

11 111 114

12 117 123

13 113 118

14

fia

115

15 119 117

(12 markah)

tbl Semasa menjalankan ujian

sfafisfrk

kita perlu menyatakan nilai a

atau

p.

Huraikan mengenai

nilai-nilaiini.

(8 markah)

66

...71-

(7)

5.

[BOr 109Er4l

-7-

A study was carried out

to

determine

the

potency of

a

kind

of

rat poison.

lt was felt that the size of a rat plays a significant role in

determining how

fast the animal will die after taking the poison. For this

particular

experiment 16 rats of different sizes were given the poison and

the

lengths of time it took them to die were monitored. The results are

as follows:

*tepgthof;rl}nresit@lrtrt6

Ar$@ts to

Die

(hh

0.46 36

0.43 36

0.40 35

0.47 39

0.44

%

0.39 34

0.51 44

0.55 46

0.44 36

0.55 44

0.41 32

0.35 27

0.26 24

0.30 28

0.41 29

0.34 30

ls there a linear relationship between size of rat and time it took

them to die from

the

poisoning?

Show

this

relationship in the form of a mathematical equation.

How strong is

this

relationship?

Suppose you administer the poison to a rat that weighs 0.59

kg,

what would be the estimated time before this rat will die. Would

you consider your estimate to be good?

Why?

(20 marks) laI

lbl lcl

IdI

6?

...8t-

(8)

lBot

109Er4l

-8-

5.

Suafu

kajian telah

dijalankan

bagi

menentukan

kepotenan

(kemujaraban)

saful'ents racun

tikus. Pengkaji

merasakan

saiz tikus berperanan penting dalam menentukan berapa cepat tikus akan

mati

selepas memakan racun

tersebut. Bagi kajian ini 16 ekor tikus pelbagai saE telah diberi

racun

tersebut dan jangkamasa untu( tikus mati direkodkan.

Keputusannya

adalah

seperti berikut.

r.@rgf,#i!l_

.1

0.46 36

0.43 36

0.40 35

0.47 39

0.4 u

0.39

u

0.51 44

0.55 46

0.44 36

0.55 44

0.41 32

0.35 27

0.26 24

0.30 28

0.41 29

0.34 30

(a) Adakah

terdapat peftalian linear antara saiz tikus dan

jangkamasa

tikus

mati

setelah memakan racun?

(b) Tunjukkan

pertalian

inidalam bentuk

persamaan matematik.

(c)

Berapa kuatkah pertalian

ini?

(d) Andaikan

anda memberi racun

kepada tikus

bersaiz 0.59 kg,

berapakah

anggaran

jangkamasa

sebelum tikus itu mati?Adakah anggaran ini dianggap baik? Kenapa?

(20 markah)

6B

...9t-

(9)

6.

lal

lBol

10eEt4l

-9-

A

study

was

conducted in Batu Ferringhi, Penang

to

determine the

distribution of the animals associated with the

seagrass

Sargassum at different distances from the shoreline. Sample of Sargassum

was taken at

5,

10,

an

15 m

from the

shore and these

were examined for

amphipods

and isopods. The

observations are

recorded below. ls the distribution of organisms associated

with

Sargassum the same at all three distances? Clearly explain

your results.

Distance (m)

Amphipods lsopods

5 5 13

10 29 18

15 51 25

(10 marks)

Based on the Mendel's model, the progeny of inbreeding

a particular flower

will

result in red, pink and white flowers in

the

ratio

of 1:2:1. A total of

24O progenies

were

produced

with 55

bearing red

flowers,

132

with

pink flowers

and

53 with white

flowers.

Do the data

fit

Mendel's model?

(10 marks) tbl

69

...10/-

(10)

6.

-

10

- [BOl

1o9Er4l

[a] Suafu kajian telah dijalankan di Batu Feingghi, Pulau

Pinang,

untuk menentukan taburan haiwan yang dikaitkan dengan rumpai

/auf Sarsassum pada jarak yang berbeza dari pinggir

pantai.

Sampel

Saroassum telah

diambil

pada jarak 5, 10 dan

15

m dai

pantai dan sampel tersebut dikaji untuk menentukan

kehadiran

haiwan amfipod dan isopod. Cerapan tersebut direkod sepefti di

bawah. Adakah taburan organisma yang

berkait dengan Sarqassum sama

bagi

3

jarak

tersebut? Huraikan

jawapan

dengan

jelas.

Jarak (m) Amphipods lsopods

5 5 13

10 29 18

15 51 25

(10 markah)

tb]

Berasaskan model Mendel,

progeni kacukan

dalaman

bagi

se1'enis

bunga akan menghasilkan bunga merah,

merah

jambu dan putih dalam nisbah 1:2:1. Sejumlah 240 progeni telah

dihasilkan

dengan

55

bunga merah,

132

bunga

merah

jambu, dan 53

bunga putih. Adakah data

ini

secocok dengan model Mendel?

(10 markah)

-oooOooo-

70

(11)

BOT LO9E/4

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