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Understanding Released Extremist Detainees’
Understanding Released Extremist Detainees’
Mindset through Social Media Posts:
Understanding Released Extremist Detainees’
Mindset through Social Media Posts:
Mindset through Social Media Posts:
A Multimodal Critical Discourse Perspectives Mindset through Social Media Posts:
A Multimodal Critical Discourse Perspectives A Multimodal Critical Discourse Perspectives
on Malaysian Cases
A Multimodal Critical Discourse Perspectives on Malaysian Cases
on Malaysian Cases
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!
Research Team Dr. Nurul Miza Rashid
Kuliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, IIUM
Dr. Ahmad El-Muhammady
The International Institute of Islamic
Thought and Civilisation (ISTAC-IIUM)
"
Outline ! About the Research
! Methodology
! Preliminary Analysis of Social Media Posts
! Cause for Concern
FORMER (VIOLENT) FORMER (VIOLENT) EXTREMIST DETAINEES’
EXTREMIST DETAINEES’
SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS
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Reintegration of Released Extremist Detainees
! "Sentencing or incarcerating terrorism suspects is not the end of the story, but just the beginning of the next phase: either a process of reintegration, or the start of a new cycle of extremism/violence.”
(Weggemans & de Graaf, 2017)! “Post-incarceration social reintegration is uniquely compromised for individuals in a hate-based lifestyle.”
(Dunbar, 2022)
#
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Linguistic Research on Violent Extremism
! Linguistic analysis (Multimodal and CDA analyses) on extremist groups’ propaganda materials (Dabiq, Wignell, O’Halloran, Tan, Lange and Chai, 2018; Baker and Vessey, 2018; Al-Rikaby and Tengku Mahadi, 2018;
Wignell, Tan, and O’Halloran’s, 2017; Aqsa Mat Isa, 2020), as well as social media activities (Rasoulikolamaki &
Kaur, 2021)
$
RESEARCH AIM
To shed light on extremist detainees’ post- imprisonment mindset via their social media
posts to examine whether there is a complete disengagement or re-engagement
with (violent) extremist ideologies
Discursive
Strategies Identities Justifications
of Claims Levels of
Re-engagement
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
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DISCOURSE DISCOURSE-
DISCOURSE-HISTORICAL APPROACH (DHA) TO CDS HISTORICAL APPROACH (DHA) TO CDS HISTORICAL APPROACH (DHA) TO CDS (
HISTORICAL APPROACH (DHA) TO CDS
((REISIGL
HISTORICAL APPROACH (DHA) TO CDS HISTORICAL APPROACH (DHA) TO CDS
REISIGL & WODAK, 2016)
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The DHA Visual Discursive
Strategies
&(
METHODOLOGY
! Data Selection
- Ex-detainees‘ socmed accounts recommended by experts
(academic and special branch agent); ex-detainees‘ socmed friends - Post-imprisonment posts + engagements to posts
! Data Analysis
- Multimodal transcription and analysis using Atlas.ti
- The DHA applied: nomination and predication strategies (labels and qualities)
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Preliminary
Preliminary Analysis Analysis Analysis
Case A
&"
Key Topics
2 Accounts of the day of arrest (Reasons for arrest)
2 Reasons for radicalisation
2 Post-imprisonment life
2 Prison experience
15
Key Topic
Hate towards the Malaysian government and the Malay people Reasons for Radicalisation
“Growing up hating the Malays. Hate the custom, culture, and the Malay system. ”
“The place I live in is filled with immorality. The time I live in is filled with
immorality... As long as I’m here, my soul will not be purified. .. In October 2014,
I was determined to migrate (to the conflict zone)... and I was captured. ”
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Key Topic
Reasons for Arrest
Sharing of materials, supporting and going to travel to join Daesh
I’m...a blogger, a fan and a supporter of IS”
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Post-Imprisonment Posts on the ‘Other’
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22
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23
“Jih ad is t w an n ab e”
“Goats trying to teach lions how to prey”
THEM US
“If ‘real jihadist’ exists, there would also be ‘jihadist wannabe’, right?“
These are how he talks about the jihadist wannabe. It’s implicitly portraying how he views himself and the other (the wannabe).
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/ suicide bombers attributed the qualities of a fighters
fighters/ suicide bombers / suicide bombers / suicide bombers lion / suicide bombers lion
lion = / suicide bombers / suicide bombers / suicide bombers
= brave
/ suicide bombers / suicide bombers / suicide bombers
/ suicide bombers attributed the qualities of a attributed the qualities of a / suicide bombers
brave
brave (Aqsa Mat Isa, 2020)
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! Freedom of expression?
! No indication of violence = safe?
! Comment & support by fellow detainees / previous followers – an echo chamber that impedes successful reintegration?
! Recall of past events –
“I was arrested by the police“ vs.
“I was arrested by the Taghut police”
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