Nur Hidayat Binti Abd Nasir A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration

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(1)MBA THESIS Market Rationale on Traditional Batik Design Sustainability by. Nur Hidayat Binti Abd Nasir A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration. Malaysian Graduates School of Entrepreneurship and Business UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA KELANTAN. 2017.

(2) I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis is the result of the original research and has not been submitted for higher degree to any other University or Institution. OPEN ACCESS. I agree that my thesis is to be made immediately available as hardcopy or on-line open access (full text).. EMBARGOES. I agree that my thesis is to be made available as hardcopy or on-line (full text) for a period approved by the Post Graduate Committee. Dated from ____________ until _____________. CONFIDENTIAL. (Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)*. RESTRICTED. (Contains restricted information as specified by the organization where research was done)*. I acknowledge that Universiti Malaysia Kelantan reserves the right as follows. 1. 2. 3.. The thesis is the property of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. The library of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan has the right to make copies for the purpose of research only. The library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange.. _____________________ SIGNATURE. ___________________________ SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR. 870316-29-5458 _____________________ IC/PASSPORT NO. Date:. DR ADI AIZAT BIN YAJID __________________________ _ NAME OF SUPERVISOR Date:. Note: * If the thesis is CONFIDENTIAL OR RESTRICTED, please attach the letter from the organization stating the period and reasons for confidentiality and restriction.. i. MBA THESIS. THESIS DECLARATION.

(3) Praise is to GOD with his gracious and mercifully, at last I can complete my final project paper successfully. As a student of University Malaysia Kelantan, a project or thesis paper is compulsory condition that must be following for the conferment of the award's degree for MBA course. In the realization of this thesis, a lot of time at stake to give the best results in this study contribute. I also appreciate the help of classmates in providing constructive ideas and guidance from their respective despite scrambling to complete their studies. Congratulate to my friends that have finished their final project paper successfully. In addition, thank you wishes to all my friends that give me the support and good ideas and encourage me. I would also like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Adi Aizat Bin Yajid because many give encouragement and advice during the writing of this thesis was completed successfully. Hope all been given that kindness will be paid by goodness and happiness. Lastly, I would like to thank a lot to my dearest husband, my lovely son, my parents, siblings and family members that give me support me to achieve and complete my thesis in the time given.. Thank you.. ii. MBA THESIS. ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

(4) CHAPTER / CONTENTS. PAGES. THESIS DECLARATION. i. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. ii. LIST OF TABLE. vii. LIST OF FIGURES. viii. LIST OF ABBREVIATION. ix. ABSTRAK. x. ABSTRACT. xi. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background. 1. 1.2. Problem Statement. 6. 1.3. Research Questions. 7. 1.4. Research Objectives. 8. 1.5. Scope of Study. 8. 1.6. Limitation. 9. 1.7. Significance. 9. iii. MBA THESIS. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(5) 2.0. Introduction. 10. 2.1. Important Concept. 12. 2.1.1 Batik. 13. 2.1.2 Batik Technique. 14. 2.2. Traditional Batik. 18. 2.3. Idea of Creativity. 24. 2.3.1 Imagination. 25. 2.3.2 Inspiration. 26. 2.3.3 Market Trend. 27. Kelantan. 28. 2.4.1 PantaiCahayaBulan (PCB). 29. 2.4. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.0. Introduction. 31. 3.1. Nature of Study. 31. 3.1.1. 32. 3.2. Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Data Collection. 36. 3.2.1 Secondary Data. 36. 3.2.2 Primary Data. 39 iv. MBA THESIS. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.

(6) 40. 3.2.2.2 Method of Data Collection. 41. 3.2.2.3 Sampling. 47. 3.3. Data Processing In Qualitative Research. 49. 3.4. Data Analysis. 52. 3.4.1 Deductive Research Approach. 53. 3.4.2 Inductive Research Approach. 55. Data Validation. 57. 3.5.1 Triangulation. 58. 3.5.2 Member Checking. 61. 3.5.3 Audit. 64. 3.5. CHAPTER 4: FINDING 4.0. Introduction. 66. 4.1. Influences of Batik Design. 66. 4.1.1 Batik Design Creation. 67. 4.1.2 The Imagination. 69. 4.1.3 The Inspiration. 71. Effects of Trend. 72. 4.2.1 Product Demand. 73. 4.2. v. MBA THESIS. 3.2.2.1 Instrument.

(7) 73. 4.2.3 Technology Advance. 75. Traditional and Commercial Batik. 76. 4.3.1 Value. 76. 4.3.2 Nature. 77. 4.3.3 Innovation. 78. CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.0. Introduction. 80. 5.1. Idea of Batik Design. 80. 5.1.1 Achievement of Imagination. 82. 5.1.2 Inspired. 83. 5.2. Creative Industry Market. 85. 5.3. Sentimental Value. 88. 5.4. Rationale. 89. 5.5. Conclusion. 93. REFERENCES. 94. vi. MBA THESIS. 4.3. 4.2.2 Purchasing Power.

(8) Table 3.1:. Differentiation of Qualitative and Quantitative. vii. 33. MBA THESIS. LIST OF TABLE.

(9) Figure 2.1.2. General Batik Making Process. 17. Figure 3.1.1. Description of Quantitative Method. 32. Fuigure 3.4. Types of Research. 53. Figure 3.4.1. Deductive Research Approach. 54. Figure 3.4.2. Inductive Research Approach. 56. viii. MBA THESIS. LIST OF FIGURES.

(10) RN. Respondent No.. PCB. Pantai Cahaya Bulan. ix. MBA THESIS. LIST OF ABBREVIATION.

(11) ABSTRAK Batik merujuk kepada prosedur tekstur pewarna dengan membuat penggunaan sistem menentang. Pertubuhan Pendidikan, logik dan Kebudayaan Pertubuhan (UNESCO) telah dicirikan batik sebagai aspek utama "warisan sosial sukar difahami manusia", salah satu adat atau ungkapan hidup yang diperolehi daripada peningkatan kami untuk disampaikan kepada saudara-saudara kita. Di Malaysia hari ini, batik telah dianggap sebagai warisan-diri yang tinggi dan begitu juga diwakilkan industri inovatif. Sambungan yang wujud antara batik, industri inovatif dan warisan sosial yang diterima mempunyai potensi positif untuk kemajuan masa depan budaya Malaysia, juga ekonomi Malaysia. Keaslian batik negara ini perlu dikekalkan walaupun perubahan dalam teknologi dalam pembuatan batik berlaku di era ini. Ini kerana tanpa batik tradisional, negara mungkin kehilangan identitinya di mata dunia yang mana sekarang ini lebih mementingkan arus kemodenan yang lebih innovatif. Oleh itu, kajian ini menekankan rasional batik tradisional dikekalkan dalam mewujudkan reka bentuk batik tradisional itu sendiri walaupun perlu bersaing dengan batik digital yang menggunakan sepenuhnya kaedah berteknologi tinggi dengan rekaan yang lebih moden. justeru, demi mempertahankan batik tradisional untuk generasi muda seterusnya sehingga akhir, pelbagai usaha perlu dimulakan daripada sekarang.. x. MBA THESIS. Rasional Pasaran Keatas Kemampanan Reka Bentuk Batik Traditional.

(12) ABSTRACT Batik alludes to a procedure of coloring texture by making utilization of an oppose system. The United Nations Educational, Logical and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has characterized batik as a major aspect of the "elusive social legacy of mankind", one of the customs or living expressions acquired from our precursors to be passed on to our relatives. In Malaysia today, batik has been perceived as a high-esteem legacy and is likewise delegated an innovative industry. The connections that exist between batik, innovative industry and social legacy are accepted to have positive potential for the future advancement of Malaysian cultures also, the Malaysian economy. Batik authenticity of this country should be maintained despite the change in technology in the manufacture of batik occurred in this era. This is because without the traditional batik country may lose its identity as are the modern world in order to reveal dyeing technology through an innovative process. Therefore, this study emphasizes the rationality of traditional batik is preserved in creating idea design even have to compete with digital batik full use of high-tech methods to traditional batik continue to be upheld for generations indefinitely.. xi. MBA THESIS. Market Rationale On Traditional Batik Design Sustainability.

(13) INTRODUCTION. The first chapter has seven sections to complement the chapters of the first part is the background that tells the industry reviews the selected title, the second is a problem statement that tells the problems, the third is the research question, namely the question that arises from the problem, the fourth is about the research objectives, the fifth is the scope of study which tells the perimeter of study, the sixth is the limitation which occurred in completing the study and lastly in this chapter is the significance of this study is telling contribution in the future.. 1.1. Background. Batik is a natural treasure that existed long ago. Batik also a famous traditional handicrafts in Malaysia. It is produced through the process of applying wax and dye colors. There are several types of techniques used for the production of batik. Batik patterns have various dimensions according to the culture of various races in Malaysia. Florals are the most popular among fans of batik and floral motif is often used as icon in various materials like cotton, linen, silk and others.. 1. MBA THESIS. CHAPTER 1.

(14) where the animals are often used as motifs are birds. Bird and dragon motif on batik often used by the Chinese rather than Malays because of the ban on the Islamic religion does not permit living or inanimate objects used in a pattern or motif object. Traditional batik pattern diversity is an attraction not only popular among the locals and even received from foreign tourists who come from abroad One of the traditional batik is a screen batik which is also known as batik stencil or silk screening. This refers to the type of batik technique applied color patterns and sketches done on the screen is made of polyester and is stretched over the frame. Motifs painted on the screen a predetermined size. Then the screen is mounted above a white cloth to make the colorings process. The process is carried out several times to complete the pattern and color of batik cloth. There is still having any other types of batik apart of screen batik. Among these are stamp/die batik, hand drawn batik, tie-dye batik and digital batik. As we know, batik is the creative industry sector which is to be recognized as the diversity of activities that are rooted in traditional knowledge and cultural heritage including arts, crafts and cultural festivals as well as technology and service-oriented small as audiovisual products and new media. In this context, traditional batik is a symbol of culture and heritage artifacts that involve knowledge and skills that are passed through generations to produce traditional crafts. Meanwhile, the word 'culture' generally refers to events of interest to the human symbolic meaning of its own. By such things, as a product of a unique heritage, traditional batik must be able to show national identity or Malaysian culture that is unique to the world and foreign tourists.. 2. MBA THESIS. In addition to interest in batik motifs are also other motives like animals.

(15) Malays, but now batik sarong became a favorite to the Chinese, Indian and other races. It is indirectly be one way of promoting the culture of Malaysians of various races and nations Malaysia as the medium of unification with beautiful patterns and vibrant color combinations. Therefore, traditional batik can be promoted to tourists and foreign direct. This is because the unique process of batik and batik traditional range of products such as clothes, decorative items, gifts and souvenirs has its own identity plays an important role in attracting tourists from all over the world and thus increase the national income in the creative industries sector. Traditional batik is usually used for a variety of ways and functions for the Malay community and others in Malaysia. Features traditional batik designs used by the layout, pattern and color for each fabric dyeing. This can be seen through the cloth batik sarong as part of the daily dress of our country. This feature is important in determining the symbolic meaning and function of the resulting design. Unlike traditional batik shirt and batik „kurung‟ are often chosen to be worn at official ceremonial occasions and celebrations. The use of symbolic motifs and colors play an important role to show the wearer's social status is fine. Traditional batik is also preferred as a form of reward for other batik sarong, traditional motifs and designs are available in various dimensions of items such as bags, scarves, veils, craft items and more. Any designs and motifs used in traditional batik art form should be preserved for the future. This matter also received encouragement and support from the late (DatinPaduka Seri EndonMahmood), founder and chairman of the. 3. MBA THESIS. Traditional Malaysian batik in batik sarong advance as often used by the.

(16) (2005). She said;. "Let us take pride in our Malaysian heritage and make the idea of a Malaysian batik industry with an international presence a reality".. Changes of the modern world in the manufacture of batik design that emphasizes the latest fashion more urban and hipster not are allowed to cover the original traditional design. This is because more traditional batik featuring traditional techniques and aesthetic influences that Malaysia maintains strong in the choice of colors and patterns. Traditional batik Malaysia is different from traditional Indonesian batik in terms of design, technique and color. The characteristic of this difference is defined by Kerlogue, 2005 as;. "Indonesia produces a very fine batik, which they have been producing for centuries. Malaysia produces a printed wax-based version that they have been using for maybe a century ".. Malaysian Batik industry is one of the most seasoned businesses in Malaysia. For the most part populated by little organizations and with low level of innovation being connected. However this industry have demonstrated its quality to draw in many individuals, for example, government and non-benefit association since its comprises of the way of life and financial matters values in any case, batik industry provides its partake in making commitment to Malaysian economy prosperity by making employments and business openings. 4. MBA THESIS. foundation of loving kindness in the launch campaign Batik Guide Magazine.

(17) is adored the craftsmanship and our conventional legacy. Malaysian batik industry is never without difficulties as batik progresses toward becoming patterns to individuals around the globe. One of the difficulties is the presence of imported batik materials; for example, from Indonesia and China penetrate Malaysian market with their items at much lower costs gives the batik firms in Malaysia a remarkable effect in offering their item. In addition, material makers with current technology and innovation deliver printed materials with batik theme giving substitute to batik materials. These two challenges tested Malaysian batik firms to be more focused so as to survive. Changes in the market batik industry or creative are heavily influenced by the elements of a hipster or urban which the element is dependent on advanced technology that changes the traditional batik identity. Although these changes can increase sales and rejuvenate the industry, but the innovations brought in designing and manufacturing has somewhat batik, traditional batik identities drown it. This is because a lot of batik designs that use more technology like digital batik-inspired motifs comes from countries Italy and France. Challenges in preserving heritage and traditional dyeing techniques for the purpose of regeneration is difficult but not impossible if each of the citizens give their full support to efforts to preserve traditional art of batik cultural heritage of our country to the world stage despite having to compete with the modern fashion for globalization. Changes in the economy, culture and lifestyle in clothing trends forcing designers to compete on a large scale so that traditional products are produced well received globally. Therefore, efforts to. 5. MBA THESIS. in rustic territories. This industry is section to all gatherings of individuals who.

(18) awareness of the value and importance of culture adopted in traditional batik. Hopefully this effort similar to inspire the younger generation to learn the technique of making traditional batik from batik maker to pass onto next generation.. 1.2. Problem Statements. Batik Printing is original from Kelantan which is using the stamp block on cotton sarong. But such methods are not as popular as ever because of the emergence of new methods that are more competitive and also different material. This occurs because the fashion world often varies according to various conditions which are time, culture and personal desires. Fashion changes with time depending on the acceptance of a change itself which any changes at that time became a phenomenon, fashion is considered successful and a role model. A change in this phase is determined by the current situation which is affected by the past and the future. This also happens in producing batik designs. Another factor that changed the fashion is culture. Culture is a follow-up of our society that wants to keep things that are considered good and pure to be inherited by future generations. Batik is also considered a culture in our society, especially the Malay community that sees batik as a heritage that must be preserved. A batik design among the Malay community with other tribes is different. 6. MBA THESIS. maintain the continuity of traditional batik heritage should be fostered to raise.

(19) compared to the design-conscious Bidayuh bamboo motivated. In addition, personal wishes or preferences of the designer's own batik designs which would translate to a form of painting that can be seen based on the observations have been made. Furthermore, the idea that comes usually too erratic and no matter the time or place. Creativity in interpreting batik designers also are not the same as they have a different mindset to create ideas in the production of batik designs. Traditional batik design competition and also batik commercial use technology is often viewed as a threat to the batik industry. However, technology is actually helping to boost this industry to the world in which people no longer see the traditional batik is saturated after being given new ideas to enter the commercial element in batik designs. But the question is whether these commercial designs can uplift and impact batik designers in search for new ideas in line with the change in fashion.. 1.3. Research Questions. Some of the questions that might arise from this research are: a) What is the consideration by the batik designers in creation a batik design? b) Does environment and trend development in creative industry affecting the change in batik designs?. 7. MBA THESIS. according to each culture. For example, the Malay-conscious or floral patterns.

(20) or trend development in creative industry?. 1.4. Research Objectives. The objectives of this study are as follow: a) To study on how batik design creation.. b) To look into the environment and trend development in creative industry.. c) To look into the environment and trend development influence toward batik design creation.. 1.5. Scope Of Study. Scope of this research study is about is a batik production using traditional methods by designers and connecting design patterns in a traditional batik. designed.. The. perimeter. of. this. study. only. focused. along. PantaiCahayaBulan (PCB) which is famous for its batik industry Kelantan. Batik makers or designers are locals and natives who live in the area.. 8. MBA THESIS. c) Which is priority influence batik design creation either environment.

(21) Limitation. Limitation in this study consisted of time that researchers have only three months until June 2017 to complete this study based on the time table issued by the university. In addition, obstacles may arise from respondents which is difficult to cooperate and also a commitment to get all the necessary information in the study.. 1.7. Significance. This research will give beneficial to industry batik itself as a body of knowledge that contribution for future to show our batik traditional is still relevance. This research also contributes to art industry, traditional industry and also in business industry because batik pattern is a universal and we should be proud to have a valuable treasure that we need to preserve together. Finally, this study would be beneficial to society to continue to love the traditional batik art that continues to blossom and not die.. 9. MBA THESIS. 1.6.

(22) LITERATURE REVIEW. 2.0. Introduction. This chapter will chat about on the literature to be had relating to the research topic. Literature review, as stated by Machi and McEvoy (2009) is;. “…a written document that presents a logically argued case foundrd on a comprehensive understanding of the current state of knowledge about a topic of study. This case established a convincing thesis to answer the study‟s question.”. Fraenkel and wallen (2009) on the functionally of literature review:. “A literature review is helpful in two ways. It not only helps researchers glean the ideas of others interested in a particular research question, but it also lets them read about the result of other (similar or related) studies.”. 10. MBA THESIS. CHAPTER 2.

(23) categories namely theoretical, conceptual and legal framework. Every literature picked up does not really overcome the ability to give adequate data to cover all the three classes of literature that will be utilized as a part of this examination. Keeping in mind the end goal to guarantee that literature picked up could give fundamental data to the components specified, the literature will be looked in light of the categories. The quantity of literature that touched straightforwardly the subject of the exploration could be said as constrained, as specified prior. For example, to understand the operation of the complex traditional batik making to find traditional batik design ideas that remain in existence to be a challenge to find specific literature that mention traditional batik-making operations collectively. Therefore, literature touching on anything relating to traditional batik generally will be addressed. The literature may not be able to provide accurate information related to traditional batik. But the concept and understanding of the type of traditional batik can be obtained through this literature. Indirectly, those literatures will afford in order based on conceptual category. Generally, sometimes the literatures capacity not be able to imitate the intended study specifically, but the idea, concepts and approach will be utilized in the literature will be used as the direction and references for the study.. 11. MBA THESIS. Below this chapter, the accessible literature will be separated into three.

(24) Important Concept. In understanding the scope of the study, it is crucial to understand the fundamental concept which to be used in the study. In simple, conceptual framework could be said as follow (Imenda, 2014):. “…an end result of bringing together a number of related concepts to explain or predict a given event, or give a broader understanding of the phenomenon of interest – or simply, of a research problem.”. Earlier, Miles and Huberman (1994) explain on the conceptual framework as follow;. “A conceptual framework explains, either graphically or in narrative form [both are much preferred], the main things to be studied – the key factors, constructs or variables – and the presumed relationships among them.”. Smyth (2004) explained on the function of conceptual framework as follow:. “When clearly articulated, a conceptual framework has potential usefulness as a tool to scaffold research and, therefore, to assist a researcher to make meaning of subsequent findings. Such a framework should be intended as a starting point for reflection about the research and its context.” 12. MBA THESIS. 2.1.

(25) Batik. Batik is one of the creative industries in Malaysia. Creative industries are ventures that include singular inventiveness, aptitude and ability with the possibility to produce riches and occupation creation through the advancement and misuse of licensed innovation (Portal National Creative Industry Policy). Batik can be viewed as an innovative business visionary for fearless to demonstrate their concept of the fascinating and one of a kind example on the white texture and creating batik. Wan Hashim (1996) expressed:. “The industry of batik in Malaysia has been existed around the year of 1921. Throughout the years of its existence, the industry contributes to the Malaysian economic well-being by first, creating jobs and business opportunities in rural areas”.. Batik industry is an innovative industry that is extremely notable in Kelantan and Terengganu. The presence of batik helps many individuals in Kelantan and Terengganu land a position as specialist and make that state famous and as a pioneer of batik in Malaysia. Arney (1987) expressed:. “The term is of Javanese origin from the word „ambatik‟, meaning a cloth having dots or dotted cloth. „Tik‟ may have come. 13. MBA THESIS. 2.1.1.

(26) „doing work actively”.. Malaysia has acclaimed batik as one of the country's legacy, acquired from the Nusantara basic legacy impact. It is trusted that batik making started in the Javanese islands in the 12th century and spread to different places inside the Nusantara, including the Malay States of Kelantan and Terengganu. Batik is a traditional textile art making on fabric with flowers, dots, abstract and animal motifs. It also involves creative ideas, making methods, diversity of imagination and valuation from a batik craftsman itself. Pattern on batik painting are also changing over time. Batik generation has now spread all through Malaysia and discovered its own outline specialty which is contemporary, crisp and free-form.. 2.1.2. Batik Technique. Batik is an art that has existed for quite a while and it is consequently still misty where individuals initially connected batik strategies; however it is attempted to be 2000 years of age (R.Robinson, 2001). Despite the fact that batik is an old industry its strategies require in batik-creators high aptitudes and skills alongside inventiveness. Inventiveness can be characterized as the capacity to make, bring into. 14. MBA THESIS. from the word „titik‟ meaning „dots‟ while the word „ba‟ means.

(27) or to bring into reality something new (F.O. Okpara, 2007). Batik procedures have their own particular uniqueness contrasted with other material strategies. One unmistakable specialized preferred standpoint of batik strategies is to create themes on both sides of a texture that are not obscured and this is known as the reversibility impact. This uniqueness enables the color to penetrate the texture and is a unique element of batik procedure. There are three types of application in batik making. The applications are the canting technique, the block technique and the silkscreen technique.. i.. The Block Batik – Technique. It is among the nation's soonest strategy in batik making. A piece (wood or metal with theme) is connected as stamping articles onto a white material, consequently the name 'batik blok' or 'batik cop'. Cotton fabric was once broadly utilized as a part of batik making however the present market has made options, for example, utilizing silk and organza which advance more to form, frill and family utilize.. 15. MBA THESIS. reality, to create in another frame, to deliver through innovative powers,.

(28) The Canting Batik – Technique. This system is otherwise called 'batik lukis' (drawing batik). It includes utilizing a case or "inclining" which has a restricted mope that stream out hot wax to draw or framework an example onto a white material. The example is then painted with hues which just touch the white fabric. The laid out that is waxed will oppose the shading. Rayon, voile, organza and silk materials are frequently utilized. Outline and shading have made batik adaptable for form wear and in addition for accessories, decorations, household items, gifts and souvenir.. iii.. The Screen Printing Batik – Technique. Otherwise called stenciling or 'batik stencil or batik screen', it alludes to the procedure of batik making on screen made of polyester. It is held extended on an edge the span of the stencil. Screens of various theme plans are readied, each obtaining only one shading application. The principal screen is set on top of a white fabric for the shading procedure. The procedure is being rehashed with each screen of various themes and shading necessity. In the end, an entire batik outline with genuine hues is shaped onto the material.. 16. MBA THESIS. ii..

(29) as generation procedures and the instruments utilized, by and large all batik strategies have three comparable procedures, specifically a drawing, shading, and completing procedure (settling, de-waxing, washing, drying) as in Fig. 2.1.2.. Figure 2.1.2: General Batik Making Process. 17. MBA THESIS. Despite the fact that every one of these sorts contrast as far.

(30) Traditional Batik. Traditional batik in Malaysia, specifically is not just connected to the material conventions of different locales in the Malay world and to their normal roots as well to the geology of the Malay peninsula and its area at the southernmost tip of Asian terrain, halfway along the old East-West exchange courses. That the more remote northern headland conditions of Kelantan and Terengganu on the east coast have regularly been the bedrock of expected expressions and artworks, long known for their creative activities, including the most advanced of nearby hand-woven fabrics, is no mishap of history. Kelantan and Terengganu had their own particular cotton ventures and later Terengganu was to create silk string. Despite the fact that the east coast state of Pahang likewise had a significant weaving convention, it never took to the making of batik the way the more Kelantan and Terengganu states did. In Malaysia, materials are a piece of the nation's material culture and incorporate weaving, coloring and batik methods. Batik technique is utilized as a part of the generation of conventional Malay sarongs, additionally utilized for other texture items, for example, shirts, shorts, scarves, ties, home and office frill, other delicate furniture and furthermore as a medium for innovative fine arts. As a notorious art custom batik is one of the social practices that is given help by the government. The government of Malaysia has ceaselessly offered support to different expressions and social zones, including workmanship generation. This is detailed in the audit of the Economic Planning Unit of Malaysia, which started in 1950 with the distribution of the Draft Development Plan of Malaya, and at. 18. MBA THESIS. 2.2.

(31) takes note of, the improvement of the artworks segment in Malaysia is accepted to be a pathway to creating society, makes and chronicled mindfulness;. “The Malaysian government has sponsored craft production, not only as a way of promoting and instilling a national cultural identity, but also as a means of providing an economic livelihood for poor rural Malay”.. As we know, batik is the creative industry sector which is to be recognized as the diversity of activities that are rooted in traditional knowledge and cultural heritage including arts, crafts and cultural festivals as well as technology and service-oriented small as audiovisual products and new media. In this context, traditional batik is a symbol of culture and heritage artifacts that involve knowledge and skills that are passed through generations to produce traditional crafts. Meanwhile, the word 'culture' generally refers to events of interest to the human symbolic meaning of its own. By such things, as a product of a unique heritage, traditional batik must be able to show national identity or Malaysian culture that is unique to the world and foreign tourists.. "Heritage" alludes to something that is acquired from one's progenitors. In this unique situation, batik as a social legacy curio connects with acquired learning and abilities to create customary specialties that are transmitted by one era to the following. In the interim, "culture" by and large alludes to examples of human action and to the typical structures that give such action essentialness and significance as stated by (M.A.H AbiSofian).. 19. MBA THESIS. present is communicated in the Tenth Malaysia Plan. For sure as Leigh (2000).

(32) administration's governing body recorded batik as an inserted “handicraft product” as clearly mentioned in the 1979 Act of the Perbadanan Kemajuan Kraftangan Malaysia (Malaysian Handicraft Development Cooperation);. “Handicraft product” means any artistic product which is graced with cultural or traditional appeal and is the outcome of any process which is dependent solely or partly on manual skill, and includes any batik product; and “batik product” means any article, however produced, which bears a batik design on or at any part thereof.. Traditional Malaysian batik in batik sarong advance as often used by the Malays, but now batik sarong became a favorite to the Chinese, Indian and other races. It is indirectly be one way of promoting the culture of Malaysians of various races and nations Malaysia as the medium of unification with beautiful patterns and vibrant color combinations. Therefore, traditional batik can be promoted to tourists and foreign direct This is because the unique process of batik and batik traditional range of products such as clothes, decorative items, gifts and souvenirs has its own identity plays an important role in attracting tourists from all over the world and thus increase the national income in the creative industries sector. As indicated by (Yulo,2015) looking into on the interrelation of history and character of social orders, found that antiquated societies mirror the assorted qualities of encounters of their groups, while customary expressions and. 20. MBA THESIS. In particular, by concentrating on batik improvement in Malaysia, the.

(33) some of which bear profound importance. In human sciences and social science, batik's part as a work of art is regularly examined through its variable examples, shapes and plan components.. Leigh B. (2002) stated that its feel characterizes and describes the legacy of the Malays as;. “…seen through motifs which blends the Malay sultanate culture, community values, imagination and creativity in interpreting their surrounding environment meaningfully”.. Noor Azlina (2011) states that batiks persistence is because of a widening of its marking discernments, from being;. “…less a craft (to) more of an art”.. Being a couple of decades old places it in an invaluable position for its picture rebranding as a, first class artistic expression. Advancement fixated on making new markets has likewise added to the industry‟s survival. By developing batik as a type of artistic work, and in addition enhancement of its image picture as chic couture, works by batik craftsman‟s and creators are perceived for their uniqueness and style. Traditional batik is usually used for a variety of ways and functions for the Malay community and others in Malaysia. Features traditional batik designs. 21. MBA THESIS. specialties uncover a composite of verifiable occasions and their environment,.

(34) through the cloth batik sarong as part of the daily dress of our country. This feature is important in determining the symbolic meaning and function of the resulting design. Unlike traditional batik shirt and batik „kurung‟ are often chosen to be worn at official ceremonial occasions and celebrations. The use of symbolic motifs and colors play an important role to show the wearer's social status is fine. Traditional batik is also preferred as a form of reward for other batik sarong, traditional motifs and designs are available in various dimensions of items such as bags, scarves, veils, craft items and more. Any designs and motifs used in traditional batik art form should be preserved for the future. This matter also received encouragement and support from the late (DatinPaduka Seri EndonMahmood), founder and chairman of the foundation of loving kindness in the launch campaign Batik Guide Magazine (2005). She said;. "Let us take pride in our Malaysian heritage and make the idea of a Malaysian batik industry with an international presence a reality".. Aware of the importance of this traditional batik heritage must be preserved; the government recommends that all government employees from organizations and individuals, other than official bodies wear batik on the first and fifteenth of each month beginning mid-July 2005. However, after that, the government again issued instructions dress code batik clothes set every Thursday after making the amendments set out in paragraph 4 of the Circular No. 1 of 2006 in an effort to support the growth and development of the. 22. MBA THESIS. used by the layout, pattern and color for each fabric dyeing. This can be seen.

(35) proud of every citizen. N.A Yunus (2011) stated that:. “Malaysian batik is not just known for the excellence of its examples and shading mixes, however it is likewise a method for advancing Malaysian culture and, at last, of bringing together this multi-ethnic nation”.. Changes of the modern world in the manufacture of batik design that emphasizes the latest fashion more urban and hipster not are allowed to cover the original traditional design. This is because more traditional batik featuring traditional techniques and aesthetic influences that Malaysia maintains strong in the choice of colors and patterns. Traditional batik Malaysia is different from traditional Indonesian batik in terms of design, technique and color. The characteristic of this difference is defined by Kerlogue, 2005 as follows;. "Indonesia produces a very fine batik, which they have been producing for centuries. Malaysia produces a printed wax-based version that they have been using for maybe a century ".. Challenges in preserving heritage and traditional dyeing techniques for the purpose of regeneration is difficult but not impossible if each of the citizens give their full support to efforts to preserve traditional art of batik cultural heritage of our country to the world stage despite having to compete with the modern fashion for globalization. Changes in the economy, culture and lifestyle in clothing trends forcing designers to compete on a large scale so that. 23. MBA THESIS. country's batik industry which is the heritage and identity of the country to be.

(36) maintain the continuity of traditional batik heritage should be fostered to raise awareness of the value and importance of culture adopted in traditional batik.. 2.3. Idea Of Creativity. Traditional batik designs require extensive creativity to showcase the idea that symbolizes the identity and culture of a country. This is because the traditional batik designs on show cultural values that would be presented to tourists and locals to be remembered forever.. According to Taylor (1974) the creative process refers to;. “The involvement of a creative action with a transformation phase that develops toward an implementation phase of creative production”. Hennessey &Amabile (2010) also added a creativity mustinclude cognitive, affective, and personality processes. Ideas and creativity of a person or batik makers will not come barrage overnight or when a person was like. This was stated by Negus and Pickering (2004).. “…we cannot collapse creativity into everyday life, as if they are indistinguishable.... Only certain of our everyday experiences involve creativity; only some of our everyday actions are creative. …To say that all our everyday actions are in some way creative might have a certain. 24. MBA THESIS. traditional products are produced well received globally. Therefore, efforts to.

(37) intrinsic connections between creative practice and everyday life, for it‟s important that we don‟t forget how the heightened moments of creativity are always linked to routine and the daily round, and how a particular artwork or cultural product may catch us within the midst of ordinary habitual life”.. 2.3.1. Imagination. Imagine a man is in a high level. This is because one can imagine high, even in the impossible. If coupled with imagination and creative skills, enabling a person to make a sketch on a piece of paper quite beautiful.. Vygotsky (1930/2004) stated the fact that this human creative behavior;. “…makes the human being a creature oriented toward the future, creating the future and thus altering his own present”. He also claimed that the operation of imagination is;. “…a function essential to life”. This is because the imaginations actually involve real feeling which passed by people who actually experienced. Even so, the. 25. MBA THESIS. polemical appeal, but that is all. What we‟re arguing for instead are the.

(38) by the time and the environment. This can be seen in the process of generating ideas to create designs on traditional batik, batik maker which takes its inspiration from the imagination through the feelings that are affected by time constraints and also the environment.. Vygotsky called attention to the significance of the setting in this procedure and expressed;. “Every inventor, even a genius, is also a product of his time and his environment…”. 2.3.2. Inspiration. In a culture fixated on measuring ability and capacity, we frequently neglect the imperative part of motivation. Inspiration stirs us to new conceivable outcomes by enabling us to rise above our customary encounters and confinements. Inspiration moves a man from lack of care to probability, and changes the way we see our own abilities. Inspiration may now and then be neglected as a result of its tricky nature. Its history of being dealt with as extraordinary or awesome hasn't helped the circumstance. In any case, as late research appears, motivation can be actuated, caught, and controlled, and it majorly affects vital life results. Inspiration is a spirit which gave a positive aura for someone to be more creative and competitive. Inspiration is influenced by someone. 26. MBA THESIS. imagination is not only guided by personal feelings but also influenced.

(39) society. Inspiration acts affecting a person to be as inspired by him. According to Todd M. Thrash and Andrew J. Elliot (2010) stated;. “The heights of human motivation spring from the beauty and goodness that precede us and awaken us to better possibilities”.. Batik patterns and designs inspired by the designers also need to be made batik designs by sight or imagination to motivate batik maker to translate into meaningful sketch batik patterns.. 2.3.3. Market Trend. Market trends are influenced by the environment of a place with cultural ties are often closely linked in fashion determine the socially acceptable or not. Changing trends also determined with the passage of time and also because of the current technology. The higher the technology used at that time, the changes in the batik industry. Batik industry is never without difficulties as batik progresses toward becoming patterns to individuals around the globe. Indonesia and China penetrate Malaysian market with their items at much lower costs gives the batik firms in Malaysia. Current technology and innovation deliver printed materials with batik theme giving substitute to batik materials.. 27. MBA THESIS. or something that gives the idea of doing something good for the self and.

(40) the elements of a hipster or urban which the element is dependent on advanced technology that changes the traditional batik identity. Innovations brought in designing and manufacturing is a reason the traditional batik identities drown.. As Marseille and Roos (2005) stated, patterns are molded by;. “…changes in the behavior of societies, markets and the consumers who drive them”.. It is becoming a trend that could change the world into a more lively fashion, but if left unchecked can become a bad impression on the industry itself.This is because changes or trends extreme could damage traditional identity, which is the backbone before change occurs. Coates (2003) distinguishes items as symbols when they are extremely conspicuous and socially significant for a limited time allotment, while works of art have an immortal, persevering style –, for example, the stick stripe suit, or the London hackney carriage taxi.. 2.4. Kelantan. The state of Kelantan is one of the east coast of Malaysia, which is also known as „SerambiMekah‟ and state of „CikSiti Wan Kembang‟. This is because the state is governed by the religious scholars and famous for its culture as well. 28. MBA THESIS. Changes in the market batik industry are heavily influenced by.

(41) country other than the state of Terengganu. Kelantan state also always known as the 'home of Malaysian batik'. This is because a lot of batik industry which can be seen in this country, especially in Kota Bharu.. “Batik industry in Malaysia is dominated by the two in east coast states of Malaysia- Kelantan and Terengganu. It is classified as a cottage and handicraft industry because it involves the use of means, methods, and tools used are still traditional. Batik has now expanded beyond traditional domain, to go through the process of modernization concepts, techniques and philosophy of its own”. (Yaacob and M.R, 2007). 2.4.1. PantaiCahayaBulan (PCB). Moonlight Beach (PCB) is a popular tourist beach destination in Kelantan. Apart from the attractions in beautiful and scenic beaches, PCB is also the location where the batik industry. This is because the road leading to the PCB there are some traditional Malay creative industries such as batik, songket weaving, and making kites and brass which is often the destination of choice for tourists and locals. Villagers also do some activity-based sales of traditional handicrafts and culture such as batik, fish crackers and other handicrafts. It is a source of income for the villagers nearby to make a living. Most tourists come to Pantai Cahaya Bulan because they wants to see the beach beauty, the uniqueness of the local culture as well the process of batik making in a. 29. MBA THESIS. as the famous accent. Kelantan is also a traditional batik-producing state of the.

(42) beach as one of the famous batik making. Due to its strategic position on the coast, batik drying process can be easily made depending on weather.. 30. MBA THESIS. traditional or modern ways. The coastal area and large have made this.

(43) METHODOLOGY. 3.0. Introduction. The past two sections of the examination give the presentations and thoughts improvements for the exploration. Under this section, the discourse will focused at the approach required in the exploration. The talk will includes different parts of technique, among others, the determination of strategies for the examination, the methodologies received for information accumulations and translations and others. Additionally, the exchange under this part will give the data and rules on how the exploration will be led keeping in mind the end goal to satisfy the goal of the examination as talked about in the before section.. 3.1. Nature Of Study. The choice of approach for the review is particularly impacted by the need of the review and the course the author expected to make a beeline for. The appropriateness of research methodologies embraced will guarantee the significance of the review led. With different encompassing impacts calculate affecting the research, the right strategy or approach embraced will give the 31. MBA THESIS. CHAPTER 3.

(44) components.. 3.1.1 Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Quantitative research is an exploration that in light of customary logical strategies which creates numerical information and ordinarily tries to build up causal relationship (or relationship) between at least two factors, utilizing statically technique to test the quality and centrality of the connections. According to Leedy (1993);. “Quantitative research methods are research methods dealing with numbers and anything that is measurable in a systematic way of investigation of phenomena and their relationships. It is used to answer questions on relationships within measurable variables with an intention to explain, predict and control phenomena.”. Dealing with numbers Quantatitative reseach method Measureable. Figure 3.1.1: Description of Quantitative Method. 32. MBA THESIS. fundamental necessities in confronting the exploration condition's encompassing.

(45) depends fundamentally on the gathering of quantitative information while for Qualitative research is an examination that depends on the accumulation of subjective information. The following is a couple of contrasts point between these two sorts of research.. MBA THESIS. In a basic word Quantitative research is an exploration that. Table 3.1.1: Differentiation of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Types of differences. Scientific method. View of human behavior. Quantitative research  Deductive or top-down research  The researcher tests hypotheses and theory with data  Behavior is regular & predictable. Most common research  objectives  Focus . Attempt to study behavior under controlled conditions. . Objective (different observes agree on what is observed) Collect quantitative data based on precise measurement using structured and validated data collection instruments (e.g: closed-ended items, rating scales, behavioral responses). Variables Identify statistical relationship. Nature of observation. Nature of reality.  Form of data collected. Nature of data Data analysis. Description, explanation, and prediction Narrow-angle lens, testing specific hypotheses.  . 33. Qualitative research  Inductive or bottom-up research  The researcher generate new hypotheses and grounded theory from data collected during fieldwork  Behavior is fluid, dynamic, situational, social, contextual, and personal  Description, exploration, and discovery  Wide-angle and „deep-angle‟ lens, examining the breadth and depth of phenomena to learn and more about them  Study behavior in natural environments  Study the context in which behavior occurs  Subjective, personal, and socially constructed  Collect qualitative data (e.g: indepth interview, participant observation, field notes and openended questions)  The researcher is the primary data collection instrument  Words, image, categories  Search for patterns, themes, and holistic features.

(46) "Qualitative research is concerned with developing explanations of social phenomena. That is to say, it aims to help us to understand the world in which we live and why things are the way they are. It is concerned with the social aspects of our world and seeks to answer questions about; Why people behave the way they do? How opinions and attitudes are formed? How people are affected by the events that go on around them? How and why cultures have developed in the way they have? The differences between social groups.". Beverly also has state that;. "Qualitative research is concerned with finding the answers to questions which begin with: why? how? in what way? Quantitative research, on the other hand, is more concerned with questions about: how much? how many? how often? to what extent?.". He likewise say about how this examination varies from quantitative research which are;. 34. MBA THESIS. As indicated by Beverley Hancock, he has say about subjective research;.

(47) and feelings of individuals producing subjective data, while qualitative research describes social phenomena as they occur naturally. No attempt is made to manipulate the situation under study as is the case with experimental quantitative research. Understanding of a situation is gained through a holistic perspective. Quantitative research depends on the ability to identify a set of variables. Data are used to develop concepts and theories that help us to understand the social world. This is an inductive approach to the development of theory. Quantitative research is deductive in that it tests theories which have already been proposed”.. In this study, the researcher chose qualitative research because it is more in the spirit coupled researcher on the study, researchers were able to create his own theories based on what kind of information obtained. in addition, independent researcher in determining theory, while quantitative research is necessary to support or reject the existing theory through research pass.. 35. MBA THESIS. "Qualitative research is concerned with the opinions, experiences.

(48) Data Collection. Data Collection is the way toward social event and measuring data on factors of enthusiasm, in a set up methodical mold that empowers one to answer expressed research questions, test theories, and assess results. The data collection segment of research is basic to all fields of study including physical and sociologies, humanities, business, and so forth. While strategies change by teach, the accentuation on guaranteeing precise and fair gathering continues as before. Notwithstanding the field of study or inclination for characterizing information (quantitative, subjective), exact information accumulation is basic to keeping up the uprightness of research. Both the determination of suitable information gathering instruments (existing, changed, or recently created) and obviously portrayed directions for their right utilize diminish the probability of blunders happening.. 3.2.1 Secondary Data. Information that has already been gathered (primary information) that is used by a man other than the person who gathered the information. Optional information is frequently utilized as a part of social and financial examination, particularly when access to essential information is inaccessible. For instance, an overview of a gathering of financial 36. MBA THESIS. 3.2.

(49) utilized as a part of consequent research ventures. On the off chance that the information have been gathered by an effectively accessible wellspring of data, for example, Newspapers, Television Commercials or whatever other organization that has gathered information for their motivations, then those will be auxiliary information to the specialist or agent. In addition, the sources that give the optional information may have gathered the information for the proprietor's particular purposes. These information might not have been custom fitted as per the motivation behind the analyst. Actually, the auxiliary information have not been gathered with the goal of satisfying the enthusiasm of the specialist however of the other information proprietors. Along these lines, plainly these optional information for the analyst might be the essential information for the proprietor of the wellspring of data. It is exceptionally intriguing to realize that essential information can be changed over into auxiliary information by performing factual operation on the essential information. In this specific case, essential information, which had been gathered by the scientist, have been adjusted with the goal that he can utilize the changed information immediately for his planned purposes. In this way, he is not utilizing the first essential information, as they were, however changed information. It is clear, that the first essential information wind up noticeably optional information for the proprietor in the wake of working the measurable techniques. By utilizing the optional information, expenses can be wiped 37. MBA THESIS. analysts (primary information) can't be rehashed, so its outcomes are.

(50) information can likewise be acquired from the data recorded in the meeting or reviews. According to Prathamesh Parab, (2013), defined that secondary data is:. “Data gathered and recorded by someone else prior to and for a purpose other than the current project. It is also data that has been collected for another purpose. It involves less cost, time and effort. Secondary data is data is being reused and usually in a different context.”. According to Tran Thi, (2013), stated that:. “Secondary data is the data that have been already collected and recorded by someone else and readily available from other sources” . Analysis of secondary data, where “secondary data can include any data that are examined to answer a research question other that the questions for which the data were initially collected”. (Vartanian, 2010). 38. MBA THESIS. out. Aside from the data assembled by the media, the optional.

(51) “Secondary data analysis can be useful for researchers and is defined as further analysis of an existing dataset to address a different research question or to conduct research with data that was not collected for research purposes. These types of analyses usually uncover aspects of a research study that need further elaboration, either revisiting the research question, hypothesis, or measurements used that may need further exploration”.. Researcher chose secondary data through previous studies that have been made by another researcher for which such information may be used by the researcher to assist with the study. secondary data sources which researcher is taken through a variety of ways, including journals, books, newspapers, magazines and others. secondary information data researcher is it helps in improving understanding of the case studies and indirectly as material support to research done.. 3.2.2. Primary Data. The primary data are alludes that data get it from specialist direct. This data acquire from different sources, for example, studies, interviews,. 39. MBA THESIS. According to Pamela E.Windle, (2010), details out that:.

(52) assemble essential and auxiliary information at the same time. As indicated by Uma Sekaran, 2013 as:. “…Primary data refer to information obtained first hand by the researcher on the variables on interest for specific purpose of the study…”. Primary data are originates from particular research issue that gathered utilizing technique that satisfy the examination issue best. Identified with that (Joop. J. Hox, 2005) stretch that:. “…Primary data are refer to original data collected for a specific research goal…”. 3.2.2.1 Instrument. The possibility of subjective review to end up noticeably a hypothesis inside rationale avocation makes unequivocal the idea of the 'analyst as research instrument'. The fundamental instrument is simply the specialist its. As indicated by (Mengxuan Annie Xu, 2012) specify that:. 40. MBA THESIS. center gathering, boards of respondents or perception. It is critical to have.

(53) themselves to a research instrument capable of collecting rich data and developing anuanced and complete interpretation. congruent. with. the. philosophical. underpinnings of the research…”. Legitimate strategy in information accumulation is imperative keeping in mind the end goal to have proper essential information. Hence the individual itself that run the exploration must pick appropriate strategy being to have precise data.. 3.2.2.2 Method of Data Collection. Uma Sekaran (2013) provides the method of data collection as the: “As an integral part in research design. There are several way of data collection. Each of its have advantages and disadvantages. To enhance the value of research is with use appropriate method. Data can be collected in a variety ways such as by using interviews, observation and administration questionnaire. This three type of collecting primary data are main data in survey research. Usually interviews like face to face, telephone, on line via internet 41. MBA THESIS. “…researchers must learn how to effectively develop.

(54) projective tests. Projective test also used to tap variables. For example respondents are asked to write a story, complete a sentence and offer their reaction. This is assume that respondent own thoughts, feelings, attitudes and. expectations.. Although. interviewing. has. the. advantage of flexibility in terms of adapting, adopting, and changing the questions as the researcher proceed with the interviews, questionnaires have the advantage of obtaining data more efficiently in term of research time, energy and cost. Modern technology nowadays playing a key role in shaping methods of data collection. The choice of data collection method are depends on facilities available. This is based on the degree of accuracy required, the researcher expertise, time of study, available data and cost factor.”. Then, both authors mentioned on the method of data collection (Simmins and McCormack, 2007):. “Data are usually collected through qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative approaches aim to address the „how‟ and „why‟ of a program and tend to use unstructured methods of data collection to fully explore 42. MBA THESIS. are use. While observation is through email and.

(55) „why do participants enjoy the program?‟ and „How does the program help increase self-esteem for participants?‟. Qualitative. methods. include. focus. groups,. group. discussions and interviews. Quantitative approaches on the other hand address the „what‟ of the program. They use a systematic standardised approach and employ methods such as surveys1 and ask questions such as „what activities did the program run?‟ and „what skills do staff need to implement the program effectively?”. i.. Interviewing. This is helpful information accumulation technique. At the point when exploratory stage, meeting is the best strategy to utilize. Amid meeting session, questioner must make a point to control or limit predisposition via preparing that occur in far of voice articulation, contrasts in wording, and elucidation. Meetings might be unstructured, organized or semi-organized and led eye to eye either by phone, on line or meet the respondents its self. As indicated by Gill, P., et al. (2008) on capacity of meeting is to investigate. the. perspectives,. encounters,. inspiration of people on particular matters.. 43. convictions. and. MBA THESIS. the topic. Qualitative questions are open-ended such as.

(56) meeting use as instrument which is known organized, semiorganized and unstructured meetings.. “As for the structured interview, the questions involved are verbally control and administered, providing almost no variation and further questioning possibility. As for the unstructured interview, the questions will be progressed based on the respond of the first asked question. Under this particular interview, the ability to control and manage the interview might be a challenge since there is only a little guidance on the topic that is going to talk about. The semi-structured interview sits between the structured and unstructured interview. For this particular interview, the interview begins with a few key questions that are important to the research to be used as the perimeter or theme of the interview. Later during the interview,. various. significant. questions. will. be. constructed and emerged to enable the researcher to learn on the topic even further and in depth.”. The semi-structure interview normally utilized by talking individuals by talk uninhibitedly and transparently to get profound data. This valuable strategy are directed in open 44. MBA THESIS. Allude to Gill, P., et al. (2008), typically got three sorts of.

(57) correspondence. This kind of information accumulation the analyst as of now have a portion of the inquiries and the rest will exist amid discussion. Semi-organized meetings are led with a genuinely open system, which take into consideration engaged, conversational, two-way correspondence. They can be utilized both to give and get data. The adaptability to get the data through both gathering so as to ready to take after topical directions in the discussion that may stray from the guide when he or she feels this is fitting. Laforest (2008) conveyed as underneath on the semiorganized meeting of in picking up data.. “Semi-structured interviews are conducted with a fairly open framework which allows focused, conversational, two-way communication. The interviewer follows a guideline but is able to follow topical trajectories in the conversation that may stray from the guide when it seems appropriate. Not all questions are designed and phrased ahead of time. The majority of the questions are created during the interview, allowing both the interviewer and the person being interviewed the flexibility to go into details when needed. Conducting a good semi-structured interview requires a thoughtful planning which includes: identifying respondents, deciding on the number of interviews and preparing the interviews. After having 45. MBA THESIS. structure, take into consideration discussion and two way.

(58) needed.”. ii.. Observation. Observations are incorporate the exercises of watching, recording, investigation, and elucidation of conduct, activities or occasions. As indicated by Uma Sekaran (2013) observation included a few approach as take after:. “Various approaches of observation have been used. Observation involves going to “the field” – the factory, the supermarket, the waiting room, the office, or the trading room watching room, the office or the trading room- watching what workers, consumers, or day traders do, and describing, analysing and interpreting what one has seen. Observational methods are best suited for research requiring non-self-report descriptive data that is when behaviour is to be examined without directly asking the respondents themselves. Observation data are rich and uncontaminated by self-report bias. However, observation methods are also time consuming and challenging in a lot of other ways.”. 46. MBA THESIS. conducted the interview, a comprehensive analysis is.

(59) Sampling implies choosing a specific group or test to speak to the whole populace. To speak to the whole populace and choosing specific are fundamental exercises in sampling assignment. There are two noteworthy classes in sampling which is likelihood sampling and non-likelihood inspecting (Blackstone, 2012). Likelihood inspecting that is more pleasant in choice of respondents, the respondents has been settled and known. However for non-likelihood inspecting there is no particular individual to be chosen or to be part in research. There have focal points and burden both methodologies. Promote, there are in particular likelihood that utilization in quantitative research and non-likelihood examining basically utilized by the subjective research. Blackstone (2012) depicts the probability sampling as take after:. “Probability sampling refers to sampling techniques for which a person‟s (or event‟s) likelihood of being selected for membership in the sample is known…in most cases, researchers who use probability sampling techniques are aiming to identify a representative sample from which to collect data. A representative sample is one that resembles. 47. MBA THESIS. 3.2.2.3 Sampling.

(60) that are important for the research being conducted.”. Non-probability kind of inspecting more broad shares an indistinguishable guideline from the quantitative research. This specific component is the most recognize component isolating the probability inspecting with the non-probability sampling. Concerning the non-probability sampling, Blackstone (2012) alludes it to:. “…sampling techniques for which a person‟s (or event‟s or researcher‟s focus‟s) likelihood of being selected for membership in the sample is unknown. Because we don‟t know the likelihood of selection, we don‟t know with nonprobability samples whether a sample represents a larger population or not. But that‟s OK, because representing the population is not the goal with nonprobability samples.”. This sorts of inspecting are normally use in subjective research. The prominent one utilize is purposive, the criteria is to aggregate the respondents as indicated by purposed required, which are connected and significant to the examination.. 48. MBA THESIS. the population from which it was drawn in all the ways.

(61) a purposive examining:. “…a researcher begins with specific perspectives in mind that he or she wishes to examine and then seeks out research participants who cover that full range of perspectives.”. Researcher has also selected primary data to obtain information about the study through interview method. This method facilitates researcher get information directly from the target group related studies. Sampling group chosen by the researcher is the batik makers in the area of PantaiCahayaBulan (PCB). This is because the area is famous for its traditional batik making. The sampling group also is person skilled in making traditional batik and indirectly has long been in the industry. This is non-probability sampling that researcher can control over the selection process from the beginning and it like a inclusion of important political actors in this research.. 49. MBA THESIS. Blackstone (2012) said that keeping in mind the end goal to have.

(62) Data Processing In Qualitative Research. In general, how we prepare and dissect information in a subjective review lay on how we arrange the methodologies and interconnect the discoveries. For the most part, there are three courses in which we can show our discoveries in subjective research:. (Kumar, 2014) stated:. Developing a narrative to describe a situation, episode, event or instance 1) Identifying main themes that emerge from your field notes or transcription of your-in-depth interviews and writing about them, quoting extensively verbatim; and 2) In addition to (2) above, also quantifying by indicating their frequency of occurrence, the main themes in order to provide their prevalence.. Altering, as inferred for quantitative reviews, is however unacceptable and unbefitting for subjective research. For that, there is an approach to ensure whether we are precisely mirroring the circumstance or not; and that is by transliterating or deciphering the meetings or observational notes and offer them with the respondents for affirmation and endorsement. Such affirmation and. 50. MBA THESIS. 3.3.

(63) guarantee that the information gathered is exact and unswerving.. In other way, (Kumar, 2014) also stated:. “For writing in narrative form there is no analysis per se; however, you need to think through the sequence in which you need or want to narrate. For the other ways of writing about findings, you need to go through content analysis…”. Content examination implies breaking down the substance of meetings or observational field notes so as to recognize the primary subjects that rise up out of the reactions given by our respondents or the observational notes made by you. This procedure includes various strides.. According to (Kumar, 2014):. Step 1: Identify the main themes. You need to carefully go through descriptive responses given by your respondents to each question in. 51. MBA THESIS. approval from the respondents is known as an extremely unequivocal angle to.

(64) responses, you develop broad themes to reflect these meanings. Step 2: Assign codes to the main themes. Whether or not you assign a code to a main theme is dependent upon whether or not you want to count the number of times a theme has occurred in an interview. Step 3: Classify responses under the main themes. Go through the transcripts of all your interviews or your notes and classify the responses or contents of the notes under different themes. Step 4: integrate themes and responses into the text of your report. Use verbatim responses to keep the „feel‟ of the responses, or count how frequently a theme has occurred, and then provide a sample of the responses.. Researcher decided to collect all the data obtained through interviews with respondents who specialize in the study of cases studied by determining the themes chosen by the researcher. Themes of discussion were the backbone researcher in chapter four and five.. 3.4. Data Analysis. In research, researcher will allude to the two strategies which are deductive approach and inductive approach. Inductive and deductive ways to 52. MBA THESIS. order to understand the meaning they communicate. From these.

(65) complimentary. The motivation behind information investigation is to convey request to the information. Information examination is a proceeding with activity, which answer specialist question and target too gives scientists the headings for future data. The employments of such strategies will help analyst in testing the speculation. These two strategies have an altogether different strategy when exploring doing the examination. Inductive is more to open finished and trial particularly at the beginning of the exploration. While deductive is more thin and furthermore centre with testing or affirming theories.. Research Types. Deductive Approach. Inductive Approach. Quantitative. Qualitative. Figure 3.4: Types of Research. 3.4.1. Deductive Research Approach. Creswell and Plano Clark (2007) stated the deductive research: 53. MBA THESIS. deal with research are exceptionally extraordinary, yet they can be.

(66) to data to add to or contradict the theory” (p.23).. Deductive research approach works from the more broad which is hypothesis all in all however will move toward becoming to be more particular in affirmation whether to dismiss or affirm the examination. At times this is casually called a topdown approach. Deductive research approach dependably is utilized as a part of quantitative research. This approach will change over information into data and learning and investigate the connection between factors.. THEORY HYPOTHESIS OBSERVATION CONFIRMATION. Figure 3.4.1: Deductive Research Approach. In view of the photo over, this is the manner by which precisely deductive research approach handle. Beginning from hypothesis and after that make a speculation, doing perception and ultimately affirmation in light of the hypothesis prior. 54. MBA THESIS. “works from the „top down‟, from a theory to hypotheses.