DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
CAWANGAN PULAU PINANG
FINAL REPORT OF DIPLOMA PROJECT
INFRA-RED LEVEL DETECTOR
Date: FEBRUARY 2003
FARAH DIYANA BT. ZOLKAFLI 2001431375 NURUL MAFIZAH BT. MOHAMAD 2001431430
TN. HAH ABDUL RAHIM B. AHMAD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Scope o f work 3
1.1 Objective o f the project 4
2 CIRCUIT DESIGN AND OPERATIONS
2.1 Circuit design and operations 5
2.1.1 Schematic diagram 10
2.1.2 Components list 11
2.1.3 Components data 12
2.2 Circuit simulation
2.2.1 Circuit Maker software 26
2.2.2 Simulation procedures 27
2.3 PCB design 28
3 HARDWARE CONSTRUCTION
3.1 Hardware construction procedures 29
3.1.1 PCB Making 29
ABSTRACT
This Infra - red Level Detector can be suitable device for liquid level or proximity detection. The main component o f this system is infra - red. It operates by detecting the distance from the target by reflection o f an Infra - red beam.
It is designed for detecting the level o f the liquid in the safest way. The process o f the detection is allowed even though there is no contact point with the liquid itself. We also can set the device\s range to any point that we want. It starts from a couple o f cm to about 50cm by means o f a trimmer.
Range can vary, and it is depending on infra - red transmitting and receiving LEDs used.
It is mostly affected by the color o f reflecting surface. In this condition, black surfaces will give a lower greatly device’s sensitivity.
This system can be used effectively at home, hostel, or even at the river bank. It will detect the level o f liquid depends on the range that we have set. When the liquid reach a certain level, the system will give its signal. So, we can take a proper action by looking for its condition.
It is very helpful in our daily life. We can use the system at pool. By using this system we don’t need to wait and see at the water level anymore when we want to fill our pool with a desired water level.
This is system is a must at the river bank. It is very important for us to avoid a great damage which is caused by a natural disaster such as flood. By this way we can predict what will happen and be more prepare to face the flood.
As I mentioned just now, infra - red is the most important element for this system. That is why we use Infra-red LED and Infra-ed Photo Diode in this circuit. Both are placed facing the target on the same line, a couple o f centimeter apart, on a short breadboard strip. Infra-red photo diode used to picks-up the infra-red beam which is generated by Infra-red LED and reflected by the surface placed in front o f it.
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We must avoid sun or artificial light hitting directly to Infra-red LED and Infra-red Photo Diode just to make sure that the system will run effectively. The Infra-red photo diode should be o f the type incorporating and optical sunlight filter. This component appears in black plastic cases.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With the name o f Allah s.w.t. the most gracious and the most merciful and to our prophet Muhammad s.a.w and his family. Thanks to Allah s.w.t for giving us opportunity to complete this project.
Firstly, we Nurul Mafizah Mohamad and Farah Diyana Zolkafli would to thank to our supervisor, Mr. Abdul Rahim bin Ahmad for his support and guidance. Mr. Abdul Rahim is just nice and kind supervisor to us. We really appreciate all the kindness from him. We had a lot of information and knowledge from Mr. Abdul Rahim about our project. Mr. Abdul Rahim had explained briefly about our circuit function if we could not understand certain function in this project one.
Secondly, we would like to thank to our friends for their cooperation in doing this report.
Our friends who have shared and give on ideas especially Noradilla Sharuddin and Azriyanie Zainol Abidin. They always give us their opinion when we faced several problems. We also get a lot o f information from them. When doing circuit maker at the first time, we faced a lot o f difficulty because this is our first experience using the program.
We were very thankful to our self which we don’t have any problem in each other.
Understanding, patient, cooperation, responsibility, systematically in work progress is the most important aspects in finishing the report.
Lastly, we would like to thank UiTM for giving us a chance to get experience in electronic world. Moreover it helps us to increase our knowledge about components and improved our skills in finishing this final project.
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