International Symposium on
HARMONISING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL of
River Basins River Basins
PROTECTING WATER RESOURCES
- ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
by:
NOORHASHIM BIN BARON
National Water Services Commission (SPAN)
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 1
National Water Services Commission (SPAN) 24 – 26 MAC 2010
PRINCE HOTEL & RESIDENCE, KUALA LUMPUR
1 Policy and Institutional Framework on
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
1. Policy and Institutional Framework on Water Services and Role of SPAN
2. Issues and Challenges
3. Conclusion
BODY AREA OF
RESPONSIBILITY DESCRIPTION Federal Government
(Ministr of Energ Water
Policy matters Development of a holistic water policy for the co ntr b setting polic
POLICY & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ON WATER SERVICES
(Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications)
for the country by setting policy directions.
State Government Raw Water matters Regulate raw water abstraction and catchment management
National Water Resource Council (NWRC) – chaired by Prime Minister
Water Resource matters – Cross boundaries / Inter state / Issue of National
Ensures coordination with the various State Government in the management of the water basins.
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 3
/ Issue of National interest
National Water Services Commission (SPAN)
Regulatory matters Regulate the Water Services industry (Water and Sewerage services)
STATE FEDERAL
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
DAM
RIVER
BALANCING RESERVOIR
SERVICE RESERVOIR
CONSUMER z
STATE FEDERAL
CATCHMENT AREA
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
SOURCE TREATMENT DISTRIBUTION
A) Individual Septic Tank
PREMISE OWNER
SEWERAGE SYSTEM
RIVER
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
B) Connected System
PREMISE OWNER SEPTIC TANK
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 5
COLLECTION TREATMENT
Sewerage remains under the jurisdiction of Federal Government
National Policy Objectives for the Water Supply and Sewerage Services Industry are:
NATIONAL POLICY OBJECTIVES
i. To establish a transparent and integrated structure for water supply services and sewerage services that delivers effective and efficient service to consumers;
ii. To ensure long term availability and sustainability of water supply including the conservation of water;
iii. To contribute to the sustainability of the watercourse and the water catchment areas;
iv. To facilitate the development of competition to promote economy and efficiency in the water supply services and sewerage services industry;
v. To establish a regulatory environment which facilitates financial self sustainability amongst the operator in the water services and sewerage services industry in the long term;
vi To regulate for the long-term benefit of the consumers;
NATIONAL POLICY OBJECTIVES
(Cont’d…)vi. To regulate for the long-term benefit of the consumers;
vii. To regulate tariff and ensure the provision of affordable services on an equitable basis;
viii.To improve the quality of life and environment through the
effective and efficient management of water supply services and sewerage services;
ix. To establish an effective system of accountability and governance between operators in the water services and sewerage services industry; and
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 7
sewerage services industry; and
x. To regulate the safety and security of the water supply system and sewerage system.
6 An Act to establish the Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara – SPAN (National Water Services Commission)
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA ACT 2006 [Act 654]
( )
and set out the function and powers of SPAN which includes:
¾ To advise the Minister on the national policy objective
¾ To implement and enforce the provisions of WSIA
¾ To supervise and monitor water supply services and sewerage services activities
¾ To review and recommend tariffs
¾ To review and recommend tariffs 6 SPAN is the economic and technical
regulator
6 Approved by Parliament in June 2006 and came into force on 1 Feb 2007
6 An Act to provide for and regulate water supply services and sewerage services 6 Objective : to establish a licensing and
WATER SERVICES INDUSTRY (WSIA) ACT 2006 [Act 655]
6 Objective : to establish a licensing and regulatory framework for regulatory intervention to promote national policy objectives for the industry.
6 Does not affect general applications of existing laws on environment quality and land matters and existing State powers on water source
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 9
water source.
6 Approved in Parliament in June 2006 and gazetted on 20thJuly 2006
6 Came into force on 1stJanuary 2008
WHO ARE BEING REGULATED?
PUBLIC WATER OPERATORS
PRIVATE WATER OPERATORS
REGULATED BY SPAN PUBLIC
SEWERAGE OPERATORS
OPERATORS
PRIVATE SEWERAGE OPERATORS
SEWERAGE CONTRACTORS
•IWK, PBT Kelantan, PBT Pasir Gudang + MBJB
WATER CONTRACTORS
CONTRACTORS
MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS
PLUMBERS
QUALITY OUTPUT
The new regulatory regime is aimed to ensure:
QUALITY PEOPLE + PROCESS QUALITY
INPUT
QUALITY OUTPUT
Quality
• Materials
• Products
Skilled, Competent
• Contractors
QUALITY OPERATION &
MAINTENANCE
Efficient
• Operation
• Facilities
+
+ =
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 11
Contractors
• Plumbers Standard, Proven
• Specification
• Procedures
• Best Practices
• Facilities Management and Maintenance
1 Policy and Institutional Framework on
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
1. Policy and Institutional Framework on Water Services and Role of SPAN
2. Issues and Challenges
3. Conclusion
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES - Sg. Langat Water Catchment
Sg. Langat Sg. Raya
Sg. Perimbun Sg. Sering
Bandar Mahkota Cheras
Sg. Long
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 13
Sg. Cheras
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Shutdown of Cheras Bt. 11 Water Treatment Plant
9 Design Capacity: 7.13 MGD;
9 Extracting water from Sg. Langat;
9 Located on top of Bukit Sebaran, Hulu Langat at 133.8 m above sea level;
9 Experienced a total of more than 50 times shutdown since 1998;
9 Raw water pollution: -
High ammonia level
Contaminated with oil / diesel
Contain chemicals
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Part of water catchment areas has been transformed from forest / agricultural area to residential, commercial & industrial area (urbanisation)
Sg. Langat WTP
Cheras Bt 11 WTP
(urbanisation).
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 15
Langat River Raya Raya
Cheras River
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Langat River (Upper Langat) and its tributaries
Sering River Langat River
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Langat River (Upper Langat) and its tributaries
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 17
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Source of pollution
o Domestic sewage Effluent from public & private STP and septic tanks.
o Manufacturing and Industrial discharge
Effluent discharges, illegal dumping, leakages of waste, accidental spillage etc.
o Wet market
o Private nurseries & agriculture
o Private nurseries & agriculture
o Run-off water
EVOLUTION OF THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
Prior to 1950-s
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 19
Year
1950-s 1970-s 1980-s 1990-s 2000
Primitive / Primary Treatment Partial / Full Secondary Treatment 1960-s
Pour Flush
Septic Tank
Imhoff Tank
OP/AL Activated Sludge/
Biological Filters
Fully Mechanised Plant
Address Public Health Address River Pollution Address Environment Future Tertiary
Treatment
BEFORE & AFTER REFURBISHMENT / UPGRADING
Before After
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Environmental Quality Act 1974
Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009
Effluent discharge standards for existing sewage treatment systems
Sewage treatment systems approved before January 1999
Type of Sewage Treatment Systems
Parameter Unit Communal
Septic Tank
Imhoff Tank Aerated Lagoon
Oxidation Pond
Mechanical System
A B A B A B A B A B
(a) BOD5 at 20oC mg/L 200 200 175 175 100 100 120 120 60 60
(b) COD mg/L - - - - 300 300 360 360 180 240
(c) Suspended Solids mg/L 180 180 150 150 120 120 150 150 100 120
(d) Oil & Grease mg/L - - - - - - - - 20 20
(e) Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/L - - 100 100 80 80 70 70 60 60
S t t t t d ft J 1999
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 21
Standard
Parameter Unit A B
(a) BOD5 at 20 OC mg/L 20 50
(b) COD mg/L 120 200
(c) Suspended Solids mg/L 50 100
(d) Oil and Grease mg/L 20 20
(e) Ammoniacal Nitrogen (enclosed water body) mg/L 50 50
Sewage treatment systems approved after January 1999
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Environmental Quality Act 1974
Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009
Effluent discharge standards A & B for new sewage treatment systems
STANDARD
A B
(a) Temperature oC 40 40
(b) pH Value - 6.0 - 9.0 5.5 – 9.0
(c) BOD5 at 20oC mg/L 20 50
(d) COD mg/L 120 200
(e) Suspended Solids mg/L 50 100
(f) Oil and Grease mg/L 5.0 10.0
(g) Ammoniacal Nitrogen (enclosed water body) mg/L 5.0 5.0
(h) Ammoniacal Nitrogen (river) mg/L 10.0 20.0
(i) Nitrate – Nitrogen (river) mg/L 20.0 50.0
(j) Nitrate – Nitrogen (enclosed water body) mg/L 10.0 10.0
(h) Phosphorus (enclosed water body) mg/L 5.0 10.0
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Possible Solution
Structural Non-structural
Upgrade the existing water treatment plant
Enforcement Upgrade the existing sewage
treatment plant
Awareness campaign
Relocate the water intake point Research and Development
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 23
Improve the drainage systems to control both quantity and quality of urban runoff.
1 Policy and Institutional Framework on
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
1. Policy and Institutional Framework on Water Services and Role of SPAN
2. Issues and Challenges
3. Conclusion
CONCLUSION
6 The protection of Langat water catchment is needed in ensuring sustainability of water resources for future use;
6 The water management approach shall consider for both quantity and quality of
SURUHANJAYAPERKHIDMATANAIRNEGARA 25
river water.
THANK YOU
Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara
Daripada : www.span.gov.my