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ABSORPTION IN SOIL BY USING LOW FREQUENCY OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR)

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ANALYSIS ON THE DURATION OF WATER

ABSORPTION IN SOIL BY USING LOW FREQUENCY OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR)

MUHAMMAD ADHAM BIN AMRAN

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Surveying Science and Geomatics (Hons)

Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying

July 2017

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AUTHOR'S DECLARATION

I declare that the work in tliis thesis/dissertation was carried out in accordance with the regulations of Universiti Teknologi MARA. It is original and is the results of my own work, unless otherwise indicated or acknowledged as referenced work. This thesis has not been submitted to any other academic institution or non-academic institution for any degree or qualification.

I, hereby, acknowledge that I have been supplied with the Academic Rules and Regulations for Under Graduate, Universiti Teknologi MARA, regulating the conduct of my study and research.

Name of Student Student's ID No.

Programme Faculty Thesis Title

Muhammad Adham Bin Amran 2014942749

AP 220

Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying

Analysis on the duration for water absorption in soil by using low frequency of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Signature of Student

Date July 2017

iti

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ABSTRACT

Analysis on the duration for water absorption in soil by using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is one of tlie process which is for underground mapping. For this project, it is used to select a suitable frequency for determining the water absorption in soil. This project is to map 3D design for water absorption in soil with high resolution. GPR uses electromagnetic frequencies ranging that are sent from a transmitter into the ground and reflected back to a receiver umt to create a reflection profile showing the results of the imaged area. The results of GPR profiles, enhanced using the GPR unit's software which is called Reflex software must be interpreted accurately in order to properly assess any feature of the study. The result of this project will be appearing in a digital drawing which is shown in the Reflex software when the GPR is running. The result will show the flow of water and tlie time taken of GPR to get tlie suitable accuracy of low frequency to get the best result of underground mapping. The result will process after finishing the survey work and it will show best frequency of GPR for mapping the water absorption in soil. From that we can know the flow of water in soil with the duration for water absorption by using a low frequency process by Ground Penetrating Radar.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONFIRMATION BY PANEL OF EXAMINERS ii

AUTHOR'S DECLARATION iii

ABSTRACT iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi

TABLE OF CONTENT vii LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Research Background 1

1.3 Research Gap 3 1.4 Problem Statement 5

1.5 Aims 6 1.6 Objectives 6 1.7 Research Question 6

1.8 Proposed Methodology 7

1.9 How Chart 8 1.10 Significant Study 9 1.11 Structure of Thesis 9

1.12 Summary 10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Ground Penetrating Radar 11

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3.4 Calculation for Values Permeability 33

3.5 Project Planning 35 3.5.1 Study Area 36 3.6 Research Tools and Instruments 37

3.7 Data Acquisition 39 3.8 Data Processing 44 3.9 Summary 45

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction 46 4.2 Instrument Calibration 47

4.3 Result ofGround Penetrating Radar 48 4.4 Result ofWater Absorption and Water Flow in Soil for 2D 49

4.5 Calculation of Values Permeability for every soil 56

4.6 Analysis 57 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction 58 5.2 Conclusion 58 5.3 Recommendation 59 REFERENCES 60 APPENDIX

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