Factors Influencing customer Intention to use Islamic deposit account among teachers in Perlis

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The copyright © of this thesis belongs to its rightful author and/or other copyright owner. Copies can be accessed and downloaded for non-commercial or learning purposes without any charge and permission. The thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted as a whole without the permission from its rightful owner. No alteration or changes in format is allowed without permission from its rightful owner.

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Factors Influencing Customer Intention to Use Islamic Deposit Account

among Teachers in Perlis

MEOR ANAS BIN MEOR NADZRI

MASTER IN ISLAMIC FINANCE AND BANKING UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA

APRIL 2022

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Factors Influencing Customer Intention to Use Islamic Deposit Account

among Teachers in Perlis

PREPARED BY:

MEOR ANAS BIN MEOR NADZRI (827778)

Research Paper Submitted to the

Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia

In Partial of the Requirement for the Master in Islamic Finance and Banking

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II

Permission to Use

In presenting this research paper in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Post Graduate degree from Universiti Utara Malaysia, I agree that the University Library makes a freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this project paper in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by my supervisor or, in their absence, by the Dean of Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this research paper or parts of it for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition given to me and to the Universiti Utara Malaysia in any scholarly use which may be made of any material for my research paper.

Request for permission to copy or to make other use of materials in this research paper, in whole or in part should be addressed to:

Dean of Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia

06010 UUM Sintok Kedah Darul Aman

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III Abstract

Islamic deposit accounts are known as part of the numerous key financial services provided by Islamic banking institutions. As a matter of fact, the performance of Malaysian Islamic deposit facilities in June 2021 were showing a significant improvement from the performance of previous decade. In comparison to the performance of June 2011, the total collected deposits by Malaysian Islamic banks can be seen as growing with 200% of total deposit growth in a decade, with the total amount of RM685 million. The performance of Islamic banks’ total deposits has also been significantly developing in the perspective of overall banking sector.

Islamic banking institutions are able to raise the proportion of deposits in the banking sector to 32.25% in June of 2021 compared to 18.93% in June 2011. In relation to that, the purpose of the conduction of this study is concluded to be determining factors influencing customer intention to use Islamic deposit account.

Quantitative primary data collection method was implemented in the conduction of this study through physical and online questionnaire using Google Form to the targeted respondents of teacher in Perlis. As many as 146 questionnaires were vastly distributed through simple random sampling technique and has been analysed using the software suite of SPSS version 26. The results have revealed that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and perceived ease of use have a significant and positive relationship with customer intention to use Islamic deposit account. Furthermore, all those variables have been revealed to have significant influence on customer intention to use Islamic deposit account among teachers in Perlis. This study has empirically contributed to the theoretical and practical implications to better understand customer's expectations in using Islamic deposit account. Other than that, the implications of this study are expected to be contributing as a reference to the academicians and Islamic banking practitioners in developing new impactful idea to the Islamic banking industry.

Keywords: Islamic deposit account, customer intention, Theory Planned Behavior, Technology Acceptance Model

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IV Abstrak

Akaun deposit perbankan Islam telah dikenali sebagai sebahagian daripada kepelbagaian perkhidmatan kewangan utama yang disediakan oleh institusi perbankan Islam. Sebagai fakta, prestasi kemudahan deposit Islam di Malaysia pada Jun 2021 telah menunjukkan peningkatan yang ketara berbanding prestasinya pada dekad yang lalu. Sebagai perbandingan kepada prestasi pada Jun 2011, jumlah kutipan deposit oleh perbankan Islam di Malaysia boleh dilihat berkembang sebanyak 200% pada jumlah pertumbuhan deposit dalam masa satu dekad, dengan jumlah keseluruhan RM685 juta. Prestasi keseluruhan deposit perbankan Islam juga telah berkembang dengan ketara pada perspektif keseluruhan deposit sektor perbankan. Institusi perbankan Islam mampu meningkatkan perkadaran deposit mereka dalam sektor perbankan kepada 32.25% pada Jun 2021 berbanding 18.93%

pada Jun 2011. Sehubungan dengan itu, tujuan kajian ini dijalankan boleh disimpulkan adalah bagi menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi niat pelanggan dalam menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan Islam. Kajian ini dijalankan melalui pengumpulan data kuantitatif primer menerusi soal selidik fizikal dan dalam talian menggunakan Google Form kepada responden sasaran iaitu guru di Perlis.

Sebanyak 146 soal selidik telah diedarkan secara meluas menggunakan teknik persampelan rawak mudah dan telah dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 26. Keputusan kajian telah mendedahkan bahawa sikap, norma subjektif, persepsi kawalan tingkah laku, dan persepsi kemudahan penggunaan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dan positif dengan niat pelanggan untuk menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan Islam. Tambahan pula, kesemua pembolehubah tersebut telah didedahkan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat pelanggan untuk menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan Islam dalam kalangan guru di Perlis. Kajian ini secara empirikal telah menyumbang kepada implikasi teori dan praktikal dalam memahami jangkaan pelanggan dalam menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan Islam. Selain itu, implikasi kajian ini juga dijangka dapat menyumbang sebagai rujukan kepada ahli akademik dan pengamal perbankan Islam dalam membangunkan idea baharu yang memberi impak kepada industri perbankan Islam.

Kata kunci: akaun deposit perbankan Islam, niat pelanggan, teori tingkah laku terancang, model penerimaan teknologi

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V

Acknowledgement

بِسۡمِ

ِميِحهرلٱ حۡمَٰنِهرلٱ ِ هللَّٱ

"In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"

All praises and thanks are due to Allah the Lord of the Worlds, for all His bounties and blessings, May peace and blessings be unto the Holy Prophet

Muhammad, his Progeny, and his Companions.

First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor Dr. Nashirah binti Abu Bakar, for giving me guidance, encouragement, insights, moral support, motivation, advice, and the direction throughout the whole process of completing this research paper. I am very appreciating her endurance and advices to inspire and motivate me to complete my research paper. Without her support, consideration and untiring advices, this research paper may not have been completed successfully. May Allah bless her with happiness, good health and success.

Special thanks to my respected and beloved parents, Mr. Meor Nadzri bin Abdul Rahid and Mrs. Jamilah binti Abdul, and also my dearest siblings from top to the bottom for their tireless supports and prayers through thick and thin. May Allah bless them with His endless mercy in the life of this world and hereafter, and grant them with the highest place in Jannah.

My fellow postgraduate and undergraduate members should also be recognized for their support. Finally, my sincere appreciation also extends to all my colleagues and others who have provided assistance to me at various occasions. Their views and tips are useful indeed. Unfortunately, it is not possible to list all of them in this limited space. I am very grateful to all my family members and I am also thankful to Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), my helpful lecturers and librarians at UUM.

They deserve to have my special thanks for their assistance in supplying the relevant materials for the possibility of this study.

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VI

Table of Contents

Certification of Thesis Work ... I Permission to Use ... II Abstract ... III Abstrak ... IV Acknowledgement ... V Table of Contents ... VI List of Tables ... X List of Figures ... XII List of Appendices ... XIII List of Abbreviations ... XIV

Chapter One: Introduction... 1

1.1 Introduction ... 1

1.2 Background of Study ... 1

1.2.1 Islamic Banks: Conventional Banks Alternative ... 2

1.2.2 Islamic Banking System Core Values ... 4

1.2.3 Islamic Banking Products and Services ... 11

1.2.4 Islamic Deposit Offerings ... 12

1.3 Problem Statement ... 15

1.4 Research Questions ... 18

1.5 Research Objectives ... 19

1.6 Significance of Study ... 19

1.7 Scope and Limitation of Study ... 21

1.8 Organization of the Research ... 21

1.9 Conclusion ... 23

Chapter Two: Literature Review ... 24

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VII

2.2 The Development of Islamic Banking System ... 24

2.3 Islamic Banking Deposits ... 29

2.4 Theoretical Background and Conceptual Research Framework ... 36

2.3.1 Customer Intention ... 40

2.3.2 Attitude ... 41

2.3.3 Subjective Norm ... 42

2.3.4 Perceived Behavioral Control ... 44

2.3.5 Perceived Ease of Use ... 45

Chapter Three: Research Methodology ... 48

3.2 Research Framework ... 48

3.3 Research Objectives and Hypotheses Development ... 49

3.3.1 Research Objective (1) ... 50

3.4 Research Design ... 52

3.5 Data Collection Procedure ... 53

3.5.1 Focus on Population ... 54

3.5.2 Sample Frame ... 55

3.5.3 Sample Size ... 55

3.5.4 Sampling Technique ... 56

3.5.5 Data Collection Method ... 57

3.6 Measurement of Variables ... 58

3.6.1 Demographic Factor ... 59

3.6.2 Customer Intention ... 59

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VIII

3.6.3 Attitude ... 60

3.6.4 Subjective Norm ... 60

3.6.5 Perceived Behavioral Control ... 61

3.6.6 Perceived Ease of Use ... 62

3.7 Development of Questionnaire ... 62

3.8 Pre-Test ... 64

3.9 Pilot Test ... 65

3.10 Data Analysis ... 66

3.10.1 Factor Analysis ... 66

3.10.4 Reliability Analysis ... 75

3.10.5 Normality Test ... 78

Chapter Four: Data Analysis and Findings ... 83

4.2 Profile of Respondents ... 83

4.3 Reliability Analysis ... 85

4.4 Descriptive Analysis ... 87

4.5 T-Test and ANOVA Analysis ... 88

4.5.1 ANOVA Analysis for Age ... 89

4.5.2 T-Test Analysis for Gender ... 91

4.5.3 T-Test Analysis for Marital Status ... 92

4.5.4 T-Test Analysis for Educational Background ... 94

4.5.5 T-Test Analysis for Islamic Banking Experience ... 95

4.5 Correlation Analysis ... 97

4,6 Multiple Regression Analysis ... 101

4.6.1 Model Summary Result ... 103

4.6.2 ANOVA Analysis for Regression ... 104

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IX

4.6.3 Coefficients for Multiple Regression Model ... 106

4.6.4 Linear Equation Model ... 108

Chapter Five: Conclusion and Recommendation ... 111

5.2 Discussion on the Findings... 111

5.2.4 Summary of the Findings ... 116

5.3 Implications of the Study ... 118

5.3.1 Theoretical Implications ... 118

5.3.2 Practical Implications ... 119

5.4 Limitations and Recommendations ... 121

References ... 124

Appendices ... 143

Appendix A: Questionnaire ... 144

Appendix B: Factor Analysis ... 151

Appendix C: Reliability Test ... 154

Appendix D: Normality Test ... 156

Appendix E: Descriptive Analysis ... 159

Appendix F: T-Test and ANOVA Analysis ... 160

Appendix G: Pearson Correlation ... 163

Appendix H: Multiple Regression ... 164

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X List of Tables

Table 2.1: List of Applicable Shariah Contracts used in Malaysian Islamic

Deposit Facilities ... 35

Table 3.1: Total Population and Research Sampling Size ... 56

Table 3.2: Questionnaire Summary ... 63

Table 3.3: Experts’ Background for Pre-Test ... 64

Table 3.4: Factor Analysis of Customer Intention ... 68

Table 3.5: Factor Analysis of Attitude ... 69

Table 3.6: Factor Analysis of Subjective Norm ... 71

Table 3.7: Factor Analysis of Perceived Behavioral Control ... 73

Table 3.8: Factor Analysis of Perceived Ease of Use ... 74

Table 3.9: Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient Remark ... 77

Table 3.10: Reliability Test Result ... 77

Table 3.11: Skewness and Kurtosis Result for Pilot Test ... 79

Table 3.12: Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test ... 81

Table 4.1: Respondents’ Profile Breakdown ... 84

Table 4.2: Reliability Analysis for Actual Research Data ... 86

Table 4.3: Descriptive Statistics ... 87

Table 4.4: Classifications of Population in Demographic Factors ... 89

Table 4.5: One-Way ANOVA Analysis for Age ... 89

Table 4.6: Post Hoc Test for Age ... 90

Table 4.7: Independent Samples Test for Gender ... 91

Table 4.8: Independent Samples Test for Marital Status ... 93

Table 4.9: Independent Samples Test for Educational Background ... 94

Table 4.10: Independent Samples Test for Islamic Banking Experience ... 95

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XI

Table 4.11: Hypotheses Testing for First Research Objective ... 97

Table 4.12: The Scale of Pearson Correlation ... 98

Table 4.13: Linear Relationship between Dependent Variable and Independent Variables of the Study ... 99

Table 4.14: Hypotheses Testing for Second Research Objective ... 101

Table 4.15: Model summary for R-squared (R²). ... 103

Table 4.16: Result of F-test for Regression Model ... 105

Table 4.17: Multiple Regression Model ... 106

Table 4.18: Hypotheses Testing for Third Research Objective ... 109

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XII List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Malaysian Islamic Banks’ Total Deposit (2011 & 2021) ... 16

Figure 1.2: Total Deposit Comparison between Islamic Banking Sector and Whole Malaysian Banking Sector (2011 & 2021) ... 17

Figure 2.1: Islamic Banks’ Introduction throughout 1970s ... 26

Figure 2.2: Conceptual Research Framework ... 37

Figure 3.1: Research Framework ... 49

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XIII

List of Appendices

Appendix A: Questionnaire ... 144

Appendix B: Factor Analysis ... 151

Appendix C: Reliability Test ... 154

Appendix D: Normality Test ... 156

Appendix E: Descriptive Analysis ... 159

Appendix F: T-Test and ANOVA Analysis ... 160

Appendix G: Pearson Correlation ... 163

Appendix H: Multiple Regression ... 164

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XIV

List of Abbreviations

UUM Universiti Utara Malaysia

OIC Organization of Islamic Countries

BNM Bank Negara Malaysia

TPB Theory Planned Behavior

TRA Theory Reasoned Action

TAM Technology Acceptance Model

SMK Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan

TMUA Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab

SMA Sekolah Menengah Agama

SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

ANOVA Analysis of Variance

INT Customer Intention

ATT Attitude

SN Subjective Norm

PBC Perceived Behavioral Control

PEU Perceived Ease of Use

VIF Variance Inflation Factor

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1

Chapter One: Introduction

1.1 Introduction

In this first chapter of the study, the discussion is designed to refine the overview of Islamic banking system. Hence, the background of the study’s discussion will be primarily directed towards the explanation of Islamic banking system as an alternative for conventional counterpart. Moreover, the core values of Islamic banking system, Islamic banking products and services, and Shariah view on Islamic banking practices are also been discussed in the chapter. The chapter also contains the list of research questions and research objectives in relate with the elaboration of problem statement. Other than that, this chapter will also be discussing on the significance of the study, scope and limitation, and the organization of the research.

1.2 Background of Study

In the current era of globalization, the presence and the role of financial intermediaries, such as banking institutions, can be considered as an integral part in the dimension of community's financial behaviour and management. The terminology of financial intermediary refers to a certain type of entity that functions as the liaison between two parties in a financial transaction (Kwakye, 2012).

Apparently, banks, as financial intermediaries, have played a crucial role in modern economies. Banking institutions provide a variety of benefits to the average customer, which including the offerings of security and liquidity in the scale of economies that involved in the management of asset and portfolio of financial (J.

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143 Appendices Appendix A: Questionnaire

Appendix B: Factor Analysis Appendix C: Reliability Test Appendix D: Normality Test Appendix E: Descriptive Analysis

Appendix F: T-Test and ANOVA Analysis Appendix G: Pearson Correlation

Appendix H: Multiple Regression

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RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE ON FACTORS

INFLUENCING CUSTOMER INTENTION TO USE ISLAMIC DEPOSIT ACCOUNT AMONG TEACHERS IN PERLIS

Dear respected respondent,

This survey form is distributed for academic purpose of identifying: Factors Influencing Customer Intention to Use Islamic Deposit Account among Teachers in Perlis. For your information, all data and information obtained from the respondent are confidential and will only be used for research and academic purposes.

Responden yang dihormati,

Borang kaji selidik ini diedarkan adalah bagi tujuan akademik untuk mengenalpasti: Faktor-Faktor Mempengaruhi Niat Pelanggan Memilih Akaun Deposit Perbankan Islam dalam Kalangan Guru di Perlis. Untuk makluman, semua data dan maklumat yang diperolehi daripada responden adalah sulit dan hanya akan digunakan bagi tujuan penyelidikan dan akademik sahaja.

Sincerely,

MEOR ANAS BIN MEOR NADZRI Master in Islamic Finance & Banking Universiti Utara Malaysia

Email: meor.anas.7@gmail.com Mobile: 019-4055217

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Section A: Demographic Information / Maklumat Demografik

Please tick and indicate the appropriate answer / Tandakan dan nyatakan jawapan yang sewajarnya.

Gender / Jantina Male / Lelaki

Female / Perempuan

Marital status / Status perkahwinan Single / Bujang

Married / Berkahwin Age / Umur

18-27 Years Old / 18-27 Tahun 28-37 Years Old / 28-37 Tahun 38-47 Years Old / 38-47 Tahun

48 Years Old and Above / 48 Tahun ke Atas Educational background / Tahap pendidikan

Degree / Ijazah Sarjana Muda Master / Ijazah Sarjana

Do you have any Islamic banking experience? / Adakah anda mempunyai pengalaman menggunakan produk perbankan Islam?

Yes / Ya No / Tidak Section B - F

Please tick (✓) to the appropriate scale according to your view / Sila tandakan (✓) pada skala mengikut kesesuaian pandangan anda. Scale / Skala :-

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly disagree

Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Agree Sangat Tidak

Setuju

Tidak Setuju Neutral Setuju Sangat Setuju

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Section B: Customer Intention / Niat Pelanggan

Strongly disagree /

Sangat tidak setuju

Disagree / Tidak

setuju

Neutral / Neutral

Agree / Setuju

Strongly agree/

Sangat setuju

I am interested to use Islamic deposit account / Saya

berminat untuk menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan

Islam.

I am interested to use Islamic deposit account in the future / Saya berminat untuk

menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan Islam pada masa

akan datang.

I am confident Islamic

deposit account is in line with Shariah / Saya yakin akaun deposit perbankan Islam

patuh Syariah.

I like to use Islamic deposit account / Saya suka

menggunakan akaun deposit

perbankan Islam.

I will definitely recommend Islamic deposit account to others / Saya mencadangkan penggunaan akaun deposit perbankan Islam kepada

orang lain.

(42)

147 Section C: Attitude / Sikap

Strongly disagree /

Disagree / Tidak

setuju

Neutral / Neutral

Agree / Setuju

Strongly agree/

Sangat setuju

I am happy using Islamic deposit account / Saya

gembira menggunakan akaun

deposit perbankan Islam.

I believe that participating in Islamic deposit account is a good idea / Saya percaya bahawa mengambil bahagian dalam akaun deposit

perbankan Islam adalah

keputusan yang baik.

I believe that participating in Islamic deposit account is beneficial and useful / Saya percaya bahawa mengambil bahagian dalam akaun deposit perbankan Islam adalah bermanfaat dan

berguna.

For me, Islamic deposit account is one of the best banking products / Bagi saya, akaun deposit perbankan Islam adalah salah satu

produk perbankan terbaik.

I satisfied using Islamic deposit account / Saya berpuas hati menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan

Islam.

(43)

148 Section D: Subjective Norm / Norma Subjektif

Strongly disagree /

Disagree / Tidak

setuju

Neutral / Neutral

Agree / Setuju

Strongly agree/

Sangat setuju

My family influence my decision to choose Islamic deposit account / Keluarga saya mempengaruhi keputusan saya untuk memilih akaun deposit

perbankan Islam.

My friends suggest me to choose Islamic deposit account / Rakan-rakan saya mencadangkan kepada saya untuk memilih akaun deposit

perbankan Islam.

My colleagues encourage my decision to choose Islamic deposit account / Rakan sekerja saya mendorong keputusan saya untuk memilih akaun deposit

perbankan Islam.

My employer encourages my decision to choose Islamic deposit account / Majikan saya mendorong keputusan saya untuk memilih akaun

deposit perbankan Islam.

Most of people who are important to me think that Islamic deposit account is beneficial / Kebanyakan orang yang penting bagi saya berpendapat bahawa akaun deposit perbankan Islam

adalah bermanfaat.

(44)

149

Section E: Perceived Behavioral Control / Persepsi Kawalan Tingkah Laku

Strongly disagree /

Disagree / Tidak

setuju

Neutral / Neutral

Agree / Setuju

Strongly agree/

Sangat setuju

I believe that Islamic deposit account is compatible with me / Saya percaya bahawa akaun deposit perbankan

Islam sesuai dengan saya.

I think Islamic deposit account are in line with my values / Saya rasa akaun deposit perbankan Islam sesuai dengan nilai peribadi

saya.

Islamic deposit account fits my needs / Akaun deposit perbankan Islam sesuai

dengan keperluan saya.

Islamic deposit account well suited to my lifestyle / Akaun deposit perbankan Islam sangat sesuai dengan gaya

hidup saya.

Islamic deposit account seems to be fit well with the financial way I like / Akaun deposit perbankan Islam sesuai dengan cara

pengurusan kewangan yang

saya suka.

(45)

150

Section F: Perceived Ease of Use / Persepsi Kemudahan Penggunaan

Thank you / Terima kasih

Strongly disagree / Sangat tidak setuju

Disagree / Tidak

setuju

Neutral / Neutral

Agree / Setuju

Strongly agree/

Sangat setuju

For me, using online Islamic deposit account ease me to transfer money / Bagi saya, menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan Islam secara dalam talian memudahkan saya untuk

memindahkan wang.

For me, using online Islamic deposit account is efficient / Bagi saya, menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan Islam secara

dalam talian adalah berkesan.

For me, using online Islamic deposit account will not take much time / Bagi saya, menggunakan akaun deposit perbankan Islam secara dalam talian tidak mengambil masa

yang lama.

I would have no difficulty telling others about the using of online Islamic deposit account / Saya tidak menghadapi sebarang kesukaran untuk memberitahu orang lain mengenai

penggunaan akaun deposit perbankan Islam secara dalam

talian.

Overall, I believe that Islamic deposit account is easy to use / Secara keseluruhan, saya percaya bahawa akaun deposit perbankan Islam adalah mudah

untuk digunakan.

(46)

151 Appendix B: Factor Analysis

Customer Intention:

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .779 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 145.747

df 10

Sig. .000

Total Variance Explained

Component

Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative %

1 3.730 74.593 74.593 3.730 74.593 74.593

2 .808 16.154 90.747

3 .238 4.762 95.509

4 .195 3.908 99.417

5 .029 .583 100.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Attitude:

df 10

Sig. .000

Component

1 3.859 77.174 77.174 3.859 77.174 77.174

2 .482 9.636 86.809

3 .274 5.483 92.293

4 .222 4.431 96.723

5 .164 3.277 100.000

(47)

152 Subjective Norm:

df 10

Sig. .000

Component

1 3.602 72.043 72.043 3.602 72.043 72.043

2 .677 13.533 85.577

3 .369 7.381 92.957

4 .290 5.793 98.750

5 .063 1.250 100.000

Perceived Behavioral Control:

df 10

Sig. .000

Component

1 4.043 80.856 80.856 4.043 80.856 80.856

2 .454 9.085 89.941

3 .327 6.548 96.489

4 .131 2.620 99.108

5 .045 .892 100.000

Factors Influencing customer Intention to use Islamic deposit account among teachers in Perlis

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