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BORANG ERGS - P3(R) v// Code Project:

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CD .' K .. EM EN. TERIAN . PENDIDIKAN .. MALAYSIA

FINAL REPORT

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH GRANT SCHEME (ERGS)

Laporan Akhir Skim Geran Penyelidikan Eksploratori (ERGS) IPT Pindaan 112015

A RESEARCH TITLE: The development of an algorithm and a model through image processing and remote sensing techniques for assessing environmental impacts of routine carbon footprint in Peninsular Malaysia

B

PHASE & YEAR: 1 I 2012 START DATE: 1 Ogos 2012 END DATE: 31 Julai 2014

EXTENSION PERIOD (DATE): RMC LEVEL: 31 Julai 2015 KPM LEVEL: 31 Julai 2015

PROJECT LEADER: Professor Dr. Mohd. Zubir Bin Mat Jafri IIC I PASSPORT NUMBER: 620325086509

PROJECT MEMBERS:

(including GRA)

1. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lim Hwee San 2. En. Wong Chow Jeng

3. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khiruddin Abdullah 4. En. Sim Chong Keat

ACHIEVEMENT PERCENTAGE Project progress according to

milestones achieved up to this period

Percentage

Number of articlesl manuscriptsl books

(Please attach the First Page of Publication)

Conference Proceeding (Please attach the First Page of Publication)

Intellectual Property

(Including Paten,Copyright. Industrial Design,layout DeSign of Integrated Circuit & Trademarks

0-50% 51 -75%

RESEARCH OUTPUT Refereed Journal

3

International 12

RECEIVED 1 0 AUG 2015

76 -100%

Non-Refereed Publication

National

(2)

HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Human Capital Number Others

I - - - , , - - - j (please specify)

On-going Graduated

Citizen Malaysian

No. PHD STUDENT Student Ful1name:

IC ! Passport No: 830717075767 Student ID:

P-ZOOOOl/13(R)

No. MASTER STUDENT Student Ful1name:

IC ! Passport No:

Malaysian 1

Dr. Tan Kok Chooi

8606253&61431 p- ZMOOI6/08(R)

M 1

Ali

KH5254421 p- ZD0028flO(R)

6 2 Industrial tranees

as research t--=...:....=..::..:::..:...:..=---I---+----+1

;-.--c

K '""h-o-,rw..,.,....,ei'"'"Y"""in-g---I---I Assistant

Student Ful1name:

IC ! Passport No:

Student ID:

C Budget Approved (Peruntukan diluluskan) Amount Spent (Jumlah Perbelanjaan) Balance (Baki)

Percentage of Amount Spent (Peratusan Belanja)

RM 87,000.00 RM 87,028.68 RM -28.68

100.03 %

9103260251641

1. MUHAMMAD HAZIM

109233 BIN SHABUDIN (

931003075397)

2. KHAIRUNNISA BINTI HANAFI CHIA ( 921006025978)

(e.g: Course! Seminar! Symposium!

Conference! Workshop! Site Visit)

SPIE Photonics Europe, 14 -17 April 2014, Munich Germany

SPIE

(3)

Activity

(e.g: Course! Seminar! Symposium!

Conference! Workshop! Site Visit)

Date (Month, Year) Organizer

This research develope the prediction models which analyze and compute the CO

2

emission in Malaysia. Each prediction model for C02 emission is analyzed based on three main groups which is transportation, electricity production and consumption as well as residential and industry. The prediction models was generated using data obtained from World Bank Open Data. Partial least square and best subset method were used to remove irrelevant data and followed by multi linear regression to produce the prediction models. From the results, high R-square (prediction) value was obtained and this imply that the models are reliable to predict the CO

2

emission by using specific data. The results ofthe prediction model with the measured data showed a high correlation coefficient (adjusted R2=96.75%) with predicted R2=94.l9%, indicating the model's accuracy and efficiency. These results are encouraging and accurate and can be used in early warning of the population to comply with air quality standards.

Date : 10!8!2015 Tarikh

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Nama: Tandatangan: ~ ll-/<t/t!

Date:

(4)

• 1114M!

Tarikh Cetakan: 10108/2015

JABATAN BENDAHARI

PENYATA PERBELANJAAN SEHINGGA 10 OGOS 2015

Projek THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM AND A MODEL THROUGH IMAGE PROCESSING AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR ACESSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ROUT TEMPOH : 01 OGOS 2012 HINGGA 31 JULAI 2014 (LANJUTAN SEHINGGA 14 JANUARI 2015) (LANJUTAN SEHINGGA 31 JULAI 2015)

PROFESOR MOHO ZUBIR MAT JAFRI PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS FIZIK No. Akaun : 203.PFIZIK.6730051.

221 I

PERJALANAN DAN SARA HIDUP

-2,976.92 0.00 -2,976.92 0.00 -2,976.92 0.00 227.30 227.30 -3,204.22

227

BEKALAN DAN BAHAN LAIN

-6,211.80 0.00 -6,211.80 0.00 -6,211.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6,211.80

335

I

HARTA MODAL

21,000.00 0.00 21,000.00 0.00 21,000.00 0.00 2,483.00 2,483.00 18,517.00

552 I

PERBELANJAAN LAIN

-1,520.41 0.00 -1,520.41 0.00 -1,520.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1,520.41

223

I

PERHUBUNGAN DAN UTILITI

-80.00 0.00 -80.00 0.00 -80.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -80.00

228

I

PENYELENGGARAN & PEMBAIKAN KECIL

3,500.00 0.00 3,500.00 0.00 3,500.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,500.00

229

I

PERKHIDMATAN IKTISAS & HOSPITALITI

-41,644.12 0.00 -41,644.12 0.00 -41,644.12 0.00 2,169.08 2,169.08 -43,813.20

111 I

GAJI

32,783.95 0.00 32,783.95 0.00 32,783.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 32,783.95

Penyata ini adalah cetakan komputer tiada landatangan diperlukan

Penyata ini adalah dianggap tepat jika tiada maklumbalas dalam tempoh masa 14 hari dari tarikh penyata

(5)

Conferences containing my papers

Onl, papers from conferences lhat h3VE not EndelJ are sf'lown. bUt toU can also see 311 capers. Dates listed 3r~ dcaaliMs for $u~rniltln9 manusoipts for feOislef~d papers. You can 0011 upload papets til.

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A Prediction 1rlodel for C02 Eluission FrolH

~1anufacturing

~

Industrv and Construction in Malavsia

~ ~

Tan CbllnHo". SUllChoog KeatMohd Zubi1-l\1at Jafri and umHweeSruL School of Phy.icc

Uni\'e.~ti Saw;s z\133ays13 Pen.mg, M3laYSia

E-m.':t.ll: trh 10 J'h){) 311!~5t1ldent.u;illl .. my~ ('kriim_S3\'~)yahOG .com, mJ.l1fti:~!ttlm.my 3nd h.,thm1~u'1ll'L.my

AunrQ(!-Human-indu«d <blnal. <II"",. is HI, of the :lobol thrf'Ate:uin.; is'&1Jt whitb c-aU:'ll.ed by ~rtenb01Z~e l2~se$-tmissio!L.

Thi'!. i'!.$'U.t hlU, brou~t th!' awartoe'iS {rGID \'wit)u') org~z-atiall"

ns:~=-rcb community and CO\·trnmtnt riace l!)i'JO~ Oue of the maia cO.a:tributon ClaM C02 .emis:UtHl an· industry dO\'fI<>plMnt. R:lpid ind.1Islry d •• tlop"'tIlt <:OD impron tile tconomy of" 2-country with tilt (OuseqUf2lCt'S of he:n:y COl

em.i:.~ns~ Thh plpU pr.t'~llt a regre'SsioJl mod.e-I for COl emi:cion from mauufa<iuria.; iDdum-y Jlld (ODl.tnJICtiOD. with GOP, .IKltidty produ<fiol1 ... 4 con"'mpfiDll as

",.n

os FDI iDcomt' and ae-t ia~ as the-predictor variabl-r"!... The' ft'slItb ri tht' prediction modi-I rih nJe me-:l.'i..'£H d-ab '"iOh.1f~d 3 hi.:h c.r .. l.ti~D c~d."t (adj"dod R'=!l6.7.%} with prt<licted R!:Y4.19.", indicating th .. model's 3{ClII'lUY Ind .effic:ieD.cy.

Tbe~ nsutts :In' •. lu:4iUragin, and a<,c1Jnt-e-and <om ~ v.~d in early ,.. ..

BiI1:

or Ihe p<>pubtioJl t. comply wit.h .k qu,dhy stau.d:a.rds.

Kty'lw>rds- _\Jalaytit1r~

co:

eminiofl; imfurtry; tl'tm(flffJ dndcrpmffll

1. D.-tRODUCTION

Si!lce 19QQ", human-indut:-ed climate cb",~ .... hich

~l)' <Iue TO 1h burci~ of fo."i! fu~h ond con:.;equEn.

EJ:~~nh.o-':dse g:a~ .a.c:c:wnubtiou 11..;: dn."'in~ 3tfennon frOID all community [1], Ff01ll the rep¢rt by th! United Nation E",-il·ollll1ent Pl"p'OllL ~loba.l "~i1rur

..

,,'::1 projected to

ri~ by 63 depu F by yar 210(l

121.

!D the me311 n.me~ mo~ of th-.e. d.ev-elop~Dg c:oun.n:!.s :m-ch as 1\{ab)-;;ia are u-y thelr best to impro;;e K'Ononuc-:;;f.3tu$ by attt-a(t more foreIgn im'E:Sml!l to inVE::it and develop the ind.u~;tl-iJ;l 3.1'e,i.. Ho\\-ever. th~· itl.~"l"i!ases -of Co.: e-numon

\\"O'Uld be common i:.sue· due to: exp~ the mdusblal n-ea.

from year 1971 to 2011, lot; <>f fore;~

iny.,:,,,.,

""I U? th~ir faeto-ry at ,,·ariou.~ loc.3.uon:. in }"·b.b;y::.i~ .. Sm.CE- tP~n:.

!-'bby:;i;u: ec"nomy ha. lll<'tamo'1'ho"d from c:omm.odity-b3.~ to :3 m:u!Uf.lc:t\1ri~·ba*d. f-,.onomy with ID.ljcr I!"~du'Stries in mbb~r. textile:.~ ba~ic meial:.. food proc",ssing, ~troIEtlm, .nd el",,<rocic5 [3j. . .4.~ > ~:.ult. frO"

dome~tic product (GDP) of M,lay,ia wa, inorn,.d from 4514334715 :;5£, to 289258937158 VSS " well" the CO, .mis$lon w" in""ea,;e<lfrom166Tl,S16kt ~ 2 l681}4,04 1 kt

Accordm~ to' ~~Jl"k> CO'2 ~.m:is'S.iQn .i~ conye~~ed among induouy CO:mhT [4]. \'>n01l': bun.'Ul aCU\,ti., b, U1lct<lth.

augmentibG" of CO, 3nd the rapid e«lI:><>mic d.,·elop",ent pla)~ an lDlportant role for the increase of ('02 EttJis.!iion [5}[6J, Thu:, :lID PJ~r willllli1inly focu, 011 the reb1io1l!ibip b.t\\·un M,lzY'A:> economy ,nei Co: emi·,,;on from mmnfactwmg !n<iu~trie~ and COMtrutttou u$.mg multi linear rep-e:r:~ic>n "'O\1:th pt1!diction R-$(}Uu-e. k. addition, thi!i pap@!

will mclnde ." exmpol>t<:d tI£l1d line f.,r CO, emis<.wn ro brief..ry· foreca~ tho! COl e~llOn for near fume in Malaysia..

11 MflEOD01{l(:Y

Malaysia. i: loC3tE-d neat the equa.tor 'Within htitud.e!. 1 C to 7~ N 3lld louritude5 99~ to 110= E. in. S'Ow:heast Asia with loul bndm:i~-; erf ~pp'Oxumtely 329~g47 km.= and an e:d!mab:a pOpul~tiOD oi 28 million. This ~tudy II a~ to de-1tElop a l"egre:':.,~on model n-otll. net inflow 3nd primuy mC01ll~ .!ro-m rOl"E:i~n direct in\.·e~tt:n.ent. elec:n:icitv urOdUctlOD all'; «>"$1""I*OIl, Populanon " WEll ~ GDP t'; pr.,&,cf the COze1JJ.ission fto·m manuftduring indmttU5 and c~ction

'r.

M.b;-,i,. Ye;u:ly CO, ouri";",, data fuom y.:ar 19'71 to 10! 1 ".,., obt=ed fr<>Dl The World lhnk: Dati.

Milllt!b softwJl~ t\'3S ' " ' ' ' '

:a,

the "",in anal)"", 10010 to

~rform multi lillear le~-e';5iou ;md p!lNiuce the-plre-d.icttOll J;ccuracy u--.-:ing pn .. dicted R? To:. method. i~ one of the-lllO<~1

"\\.-idely used tQ e:-q>rezs. th-e dependmce or it respoESe vmable on :Evenl independ:e-.nt ·variables to obtain 3 linear input- output mooEl fur a ~iv~.D cbt2 ~t [7]. R.egl"E"5S.1.0n .ma1ysi~ iz

",,,d for pro diction booed "" • set of Nl,,·.·m, d>ta coll<,ct",d from the past re:;ult. In multi linear l-egR~:llOn., st;:mdMdized

"'~t-a ro-effi.<:·ier:t" \1.1.11 bE tM meJ.~ment of" the effe-ct of eae:h indepet::d-eut variable c-n the depen.dent "';tuiabie: to cOlllpa~·e the efIe·ceo a"Cl"O~:; inde-peudent 1t-a.1,·13b1e$. Beside::.

that, M,rutab w;;: \1;.d to' plot !he ."tnpo!>t.d trend 1me f01 CO:~ elm.5-·!.io::. iu tbi~ -;t"\ldy ..

hfultip* hn~r rE"~"i$lon Ulodeli~ oi CO~ -elllissio!ls ?~~

calued cut to g,·u.-...e~te l"!'p'es:;;ion eqlJ.ariou~ {Qf· ~:aleulati:ug

(7)

The d~tl ... ed f:quanotl h..;s R·Squan ,·ami of 9'7.1G;e, with it:

~djust~d R.~SqUafe vAlue -of 96.75'%. The-adjusted R·~uand.

u ~ modIfied vel· Solon of R..!iqu.:!.r~d that has bftll adJu~ed fOf

1M number of pRdietol!. in the mod~L It d«r .. ,.: ,,-ben ~ predicto, =pnn",> the IllOdEl by Ie" lh.m e"l'''cted by chant •.

Beside,

wi.

pn!diction w~s d""", through !he »im'",e melf wbioh p ...

,..."ide

1M. R-Squa.re value o£94.19%. !he pledictod R-,qu"""d ,,-ill indi •• tes how well the rope,oton mo<Iel pJedlcT:':. re.~OJl~t for new obser'\"ario!l.~. TH :;of\w4'.re ,,;ll takulate predic:ted R·~uar~d by S'Jstematically remoi.~!

each ob'Z: .. ervanon fi"Om ~he d~ta ~t~ e~;timaitin~ ~ r~greS-!.iiOL equallOD- ,n<! dotennimng how ... ",11 the lllOdel pr~< .. the removed obervati"n [8]

Figure- 1 and F1:rm-e 2 shows the time serie~ lI·end .allahosu plot from yen 1971 to 2020 " .. ith forec.,:! for the CO., emi~~cn from 1ll3nufactl.1rin.g industl'Y and <-on.~t111~rion a;

... ·ell ~, I'!ot for tot.1 CO, .,"';"Wn. The nm. ~ne, 1'101 .how that both CO, .:mi,~ ",-ill c<>ntinue to in<re.;e 10 neOl fublre.

Du@ to ~ol>al f.cono..u<, cffii,

m

Y"'" 2009. CO, e",;,,;oll dropped ,ipriru:mtly from year 2008 onw ... ds which i, sho.'\"U In Figure 2

i9}.

Howe,·el; lotal CO; elllls,aon plpb wbi"h

mo",,, m

Fipne 2 does Dot <Waea,," but "'..ern," ~, the equation pu<lid. TlUl ph1!llomena can be ""'phia as "",sf of the f.cTory Ole ." .... e of ."" ... o=e,,1>1 pollutton and new lecbnolop"s b.~lp illlpro,·. energy ef5dell<y wbch ~.""rat.

l~" CO, eni;sl<>n. T= c3ll ~ furth.,. expb.i£ wim F igun 3

~~ it !.how~ dut the ntlo of CO]: emis~on from lP..anubcturill~

ind.t.nU)· and ccru.trucbo-n to total CO J :tmi:~ .. ~ioll ~ d>!Cl'e:a:'l~

yearly.

IV. CONCllJSIOl'1

The l""'diction model >hewn

m

equation 1 UE able to

p,e6ct me CO, .mi",,,,, fro", =ufJlcttllmg ,,,dustly and

151 O.lt D"u""" 3. Mott. P.lt. Bo5<t, Pc ~ L M<},,·. iWr'""tioI:

of <1m1>le cli.lq£-. Cawblillfe C~ U~ Pm,. )Q(P~

It\]

F Xtmphlo."";: 1 l~u 'Lt"""ctic OlllIlVlii ~f COe eni;,i«!

"wi.

:tl.~" Chim ~ ... ,""'"

m<1

"",;',,,",,,!!.I 18(3). PI'. <3- Ii] 5 H Sow. '"The ~ of p.,.iJlsalar ~ ... i:.-. lIEtiru<e ci

~l!'lla"A_Sr.e;".PI'.1-2.2007.

1&] F]= (l\1n) Multiple J1.tgrasiOll A'lllysii: U .. Aa,"'''e<I 1?.!,qu>.r ••

.m<i p,.,;,t,,"i R-Sqluze4 to hl'liE th! Conect N'''''O!t <>! V"""ble, [Otili:!e]. ;",.ilo1>!e: M1p:",'t>;"g.lll!!litl~.("",.'o~cod'tcr;r"'·m·

~t&i;tic:$:ll:J$p-l!-re~:sion...tn1.~~dju.~:!'.d.of4~4.'1d.!J'.d­

pre::iict~.r0.5qJ31.ed-te--w.cJudt..tt..e-<<<t'fd-I:.um.Oer-of·\·L"";.!b1es 1?1 ~c!.!. Ooi (l(l!(i) "'.oMl F",.!ltiI.l Cr..si;: bmiliu"",,; O. ~.l>\"ti>J:

Etooom)" [0n1in~1.· A\"~lr1!:

ht1p::;1\'WW.m~em.atlona:,~e.c~.tn,'!procte6r:.z.·LCbEr2'01D t>I

o,e~d:ir?·?:\PEF .. _156_Globt!fmwO:1L1=df - -

con~tnlction With GDP. -El~lC'tt)· pl'oductlon and. co~tiou

;l~ well ~l fDt lJlcome and net inflow 2.: pJ:e<lictoc variable!i.

The R",jt, ""~, .. j»oml'ing ,,-ich .cljmted R-Squ.,.. of 96.7.5%

",d predicted R-Square of 94.19%. In .ddition, !he CO:

E-mis'S..ion is forec.uted to he incre3~e in 'Ileal' future If no ne-w technique or policy ag.inl;t CO, emi.:Uon i, implemelltM. Ie.

rug~e,;ted by IllllllY paper, <.n",n tox

miPrt *

one of the

~lurion 10 encoa:;af;-e DlOlE-. l:actoJ}' UKIV£ towarch peen en£l'n'. In condu:~ion. the result:. pR:!.Ente1i hER provide h.lpful ",,;p,t Illto ."e,~· ,)',te= .Dd CO, "";';>lOn, control modeling.

AO;NOWI.ED(iMD' (HEADINC, 5)

The auth",,~ pat,fully 3<knowledge the 5::».ncial support from 1M ,b>11 t~.lTJl Explo,atot"), R.,urcll Gram Scheme (ERGS), z.c«)tm' """,be .. 10J'PFlZIKf6130051 and USM

~:r3duate ",,,.tant med to c .. ..-y out tbi, pl"O_iecl. Thank" are .100 .xten<led 10 USM fOf oupport an<! encouragement.

REFERE>CES

[11 Woo,bff. biolie.m<i lW!<. SiI:>o:l.md BwlieI. CW ar;d McMichaeL AIl1boey. '"C1i:m>t< dJ3:oge bean ""'J»a' in A,,_1ia : 6 : t ; of dmI:.>Uc COl "";"sim r.:tw.:ticms'. NatlolW

Cemr.

fer q~'

!.m ~ H~l\!m. CariJ:.m!.. A.(

:1" .

;OCI)-.

Pl

C. D ... ·i<!. 9W-') Global W.".;,,~ Fe....,. ... ~' - 21(<) {00liDtJ. b.iI!1.>l£

htlp:f{'V.t\T.gl:ob!o~l'{mni&g.fonclsti.(:Om.:lt4<amate-- ~t-~Il­

.. ~.2100.J'IIp

{>l

s.!imi.. M") ... :1 H A. Haotidr.,.. 'Ctilie!!

Sac""

Prxti< ..

(CSP) 'CW3C:!. ill:l'~ lel!l ~ ~ 1I>,.",.u.na;

C«IlJ'O'lW ill M.u.y-,u.". 20n.

[4j Slnzi,,,,!\' C. Mm. iI%lli A L. 1<lm. "At. CO2 eml:-iiou ].".1\

c(!Q\~ ,,~ indtt'ittii1! t.Qtmtries".!t EmirO!llll.S1t4l m:d FdSOU%"'-t!

£c~i 24(3).-p; 16::·271, »)3

(8)

Predicting Colulnn Averaged Dry-Air IVlole Fractions of Carbon dioxide (XC0 2) in Peninsular

~1alaysia by Using GOSAT Data

Sim Chong Reat, Lim Hwee San and MoM Zubir l\-fat Jam S';hool ofPhy,ic." t)n>nrsiri S;;in, 2.hlayoia.

11SOO l'ulau Pinanl;'. }.b!>ysia

E-mail: ~ksitn_g3(~~yahoo.cOUl..hmm.~~:..m.Uly.mjafn.r~1l:;Ul.my .-lO':1n2C;-Carbon diotide (COi) is the prim2I'Y allthropo~4!ni(

GHG alIA (o.mbut. lip to 70% of tilt globo! W.rmill~ It ha, bf'u 21100:attd ~jth cli1Jl:lt.e change- which infillf'IKn bnd Ind ws.tu n!.Ource~1 food and p-a.s.tur~ availability, dh:appe~raD:Ct' of pl.nu aDd animal spKie> aDd los, of habit.LIk. <>bjecllvt of this s:tudy 1\";1S-uosed mllltiplt liuf:llf re:nssioD (MLR.) JDt'thod to .... Iyn tilt relo1io",1Iip betwten tb. (olumn awn!;." dry-llir mol. frocrum., of cub.n dioxide (XCO,) OJ1d other •• mo,plltrlc uri.ble, ill rum,"br Maby>i:\ bo>ed OD Gr .. nhilDse Gas~

Ob,.rciD~ S"t.lIit. (GOSAl) uta for i1 •• peri<>d of 2009-2014.

nt-A XCOz1'ras pndicted vu: thl: obtaio~d b~r·fittill: MLR.

n.

r"DJj~ indicated Ill,,! prediction m<>dellrith lb. m,,,ued d.t. sbowt<! a high <orroI.lloD cwffidHlt (Rl=l).9037), il1dkallns the moder5 :a'·nrf1K~'" ~nd effideJl£Y. The-GOs..~ T w.ta :an:

tll(&ura~g' :Iud capable te f:U:miDt tht mCTe'-:L1.t' iff the atmo'Spbe:u ;rtf.nhousfo ~.a:l-eS over difftn:ut npon'i< in PuriD.~'O.br Mohy>ia_

KiJ,",,.dS-fJ'ullti;ll~ lin'f'tJf rq:rn.sion; Carbon Djoxidt ; GO.s.4T; tItm"rplurir v"riJ/blt'f

I INTI'.ODUCTION

Smr.:e- the start of the: Inda<iuial Reyoltr>loll. economic and

~cial deye1op~!ltS. m the 19th CEJltwy~ the coru:-entratlon of 3.tmo$pheric caroon dio,oc!e (C02) lu~ ~eo ,teadily li=~

J"e"SUlting of cement: produ~tion. fO':i~i1 fu\!l C'ombu:t:loZl and dofo.-.,tari"", {i-2). Atm<>,>pheriv CO, ;~ the p,.;"'a,y mth!opo~Illi:- ~:E-4!nh0U5e: {l~, md l~ mO'easing-i~ leading to a

~lobal ";"''''ln~ with lunnful impact, ,ucb ., ina.,~in, Rt. of drouzhtt~ storms anG fiood~; melting ~laC:ler." :and ns:mg:

.1rtrelr~ w~.:h.r condition, [3-4J. Tho study of c"h=or CO ..

l~ well sultE-d to u:npl"O\~ otU' kno,vled:-e of ~ba] climate·

ilin~{5l

CliUlJte e:t..ange is 2 ~$~ti3.1 chau~ing m the j.tafutical cntl'iburio:' of "t\~eat:h.er p3-tte.~ C\'"e-! periods from decade,. It lu, DO'" bec<>_ ~ prommem mue tha! is w.dely disCU:'i~ed D'-OW tb£ wodd. The lUl:ccntroUed eD:l:;~lo-U of globAl ~}"e~l1..~US~ ~3~ into the-3n:nOSph€1t: cau:;ing of climate c~ to om -earth. Solar Undi.ance.~ aE:rosoh~ 3Z:od p-eenhOl:.se ga~.,., e.g., 0" Ditn< acid (NO,), c;uOOr. dioxide ,CO,,}. wat",.

""]?Or

(liP

">:".,<>r). and metlune (Cni) WHe 'he "''''' important £1<:~m.l ,·.rlable th.r cont:clth. climate.

It bo ~n a primary pohtic2l and ,.".::nfic c""can to e$-nmate th~ natru:al m4 lIllthr-opog:emc: ~1JI"ce.s J.nd zlnks at various s.p.atial and temporal ~calEl. At the: p~'e:Ent :tage. the Ule.3]'Ul'ement of CO;: -C'oncenrntlOOl lll3iDly co~ nom

pound-b .• sed ob,.,.. .... t'on:, di,tnbwe<l .n different

,,'U'

of the

",,,rid. f",' p .. "",d moo,uremellh. we had fa~ ~ p,:oblfln,;.

:mch a ~ lpan:-e: dismbunon of me·Murem.ent stations.

The inn'oouctWll of !at~l1e remot-e )eUnng!;.'Ji an important det&etion l.dmolol;'Y 10

"""""Jr,

>tm<>:;pbenc composition [6j.

TM fint en\,;,,"~ntai ,.",lute .• GOSAT; WZ$ hmn<bed

5Ucee~"5.funy en r~tw:y 2:3, 2009 of'f'eJ·~. zolution to e,uh.:!.nct

()U). unda,t3ndtng of !he dyn>mic preces,"" that iutluence thrt

a""Mph",i. }cCO, concentratOD> P-S]. GOSAT i, • <U!O- 'n-..cbrooous ne",.-ci!cuh.r orbit wi!h 98.06' of incJination

~l;'le. The. ",,~llit. flies at an ,jrilude of666 kw .• "dcomple",d

"ne 1evolutlOll do,.l}" 100 minute,. It rEtUl1lS to !he sawe poio!

tn spaCE 1Il thR-e d.2}'5.. Thermal :and Near-infi.-.u-e.Q Sen5Cr for C.,.\>"" Ob,eIVana" (TANSO) onb" .. d GOSAT compo;;«\ of two <ubunit: th~ fow,.! Traruc{o,.,,, Spoct .. omet", (fTS) w!rich

U~e- to m~.a~m'-e ~~ou.s-e. ~.!~ spe~tra and ~ Cloud

ana

A.,."."l ~u (CAI)

u""

to determine dowi ft.ctiom """

.ero.;01 propertie, ,,~thin lhe ITS irutanla"*,,, fieid of >-i.v;

(!FO"'")

}.;{-wtipJe lin~:a:' l'egl"~!.'Sions (}.iLK) it oro3dly u:ed m~thod~ fOf" M_c.l-yz~ the JtmOsph<a-li-c scie.n~ lor dem"""t,..t~ the dopend<!u.:e ",ria.ble on ••• ...,-.1 ~ndent

"",ubk~ [9]. Smce lhe p,,<D<tiu~. pai"=e of MLR. i>

reie"'_~nt, 5.(l the obj£-cb.,re of fhi~ 'ltndy It"3.5 u!iing J...fl.R. to d,e-.,-f-lop tb~ lel<itlonshlp' :unong C'ohmm a'\;~]"a~ed dry-air m-o-ie u'actio", of ~.lrbo.~ di"xido (XCCl,) t.em·e,," tM an"""pheric nriableo,. Fimlly. XCO,wa, predicted

2.Ja!.3)~.3 ha~ ex~nent<Ed ecoDoull.c growth due to w·bam:.ation. indu5bunzatwD. and rapid u-a£fic: p-o,,-th.

SubstaDii>i poliutic-n mainly produced by

em,,,i,,,,,

fi..,m ~

motor vehid-e~, indu:;.nl.a.~ ana:.:, and fl:aus-boundary pollution.

In "ddlticn. Mlby,ia i> Ioc.l,d on • humid equ.tonal repon with PR<iOm!n2.te telll?e.rature~ ~d D.\l1ll-ero~ ninfill. Thu~,

douay

co:OO!tion~ b~mi! an cb~ta'Cle

m

.lcquirin~ m~·

re,obmon and rup-<!uility ".telhte <lala. The In~h ...""lution th3t i~ :a:'Ssoci"t~d l\1:ih :.p:ecl3:1 s3.tellite -;..--pecific .. tion~ lz..

Te-quire.<i to rtudy ho·p.. F.[ll»spbeJi-c variables IfflKt .1tlll.O!iphell.C CO!'- The Ob)E!Cti,\:E of dri:;. ~~t"~y was to d.evelo]) t~ c~uu.al reLattombp among

}leo]

m.d other atmo5p~ri(

~~-.ariables in Pem.!l,::ai.a! ~jala.ysia by using Grunhou'5e Gl'z.e~

Obsa,jng Satellite (GOSAT).

(9)

V CONCWSIOK

ThE pl'f'~nt smdy "'"'3.:: earned. OUl to obtain a pr~ciJ.ctc>n mod~ £0" XC:O, u-ith a1ll1ozpheric .. amble " p,e<ilttOl' vori.abl",. The re,uin of the nlid"tion ofXC:O, ,,-ith measured ):(:0, ,howed >.

hip,.

<'Orrelation «>effiOlenl (R' = 0.9037).

inmcating th~ mo<lei' 0 a.cur""y and "ffici,..",y. Thlo ,tudy b., demo"'ttated that the pafonn.mce <>r r.p"sSlOll >.llllyci; to precti", XCO, 1.\"e1o i, in Ime with tb>.t of the repe,;ion moaeh in thi, c.,. 'lUdy. The 1'000 a~;reeme"t between pRdlded znd ob~n'~d 'vAlues mmcat.e:o:. p'romi;o;mg potential ror air q,tWity m"deh with the 'upport of remote·sen.,ing te<hnol~,. wInch

",ill

a:l.slst in bEtter Enviro~:z:rt:aJ milfU~ement and

motit<>rin1". The stndy p""ented GOSAT dab an =131>1. to be applied ro .e-Z3m1.ne the imp.a.ct of ;;:tmo-:;pbea. ,-:ulabl@:"> .

AckDo\\"led~eltt

The author, gratefully .clrnowled~. 110{.A for the pl·OV,:.l"", of the GOSAT data used in this p>per. Tm, re",;",,11 wa, supp<>rted by the GOSAT project uuder The 4th k:.e=h Almountement Tl>emes on GOSA T - R.ep-e:;S;oo ar. ... 'y..;l, in modeling of "arbon dioxide and

r""tor.> ..

ffec1iDg its v"lu. in Penin>ular Mala},,; •.

n"

GOSAT project;' " jOlnt effort promoted by the lap." Aer<>,pace Explora!>011 A~.,,<y (JAXA), the Mitistry of the Euvu"OWllEIlt (MOE). and the National In,titute for En\-1ronmenlal Sr..die, (NlESJ. W. are thankful fo.· all of tll<> helpful

CO"""",,!,

pn,,-ido-d by the per,ollllel at the". ogenole,. !hi, pr<>ject "'0$ funded by Ex;>lora[oty M~ ... ch G"."t Scheme (Grmt No.

203IPFlZlK:'673t)051}, Fu",b.-ntal R.e,.,,,,ch Gunt Scll<>"".

(Grar.t No. 203 .I PFIZlK ! 6711352), Sol""c. flIDd (Gra"t 305

'FFIZIK 613615) .nO: RUI (Grant No. 11)01' PFlZIK I

811228). Tl»nk" are aho "xtended to USM for i" ,upp<>It""\

E:IZcoungemmt.

Pi

A.tnerkim M!tNtelopu1 ~t"i (JiiU). Climm c~·. An i!lfoomum .",!!Ill..,. of m. !unerial1 }!morUogicAl S«i!Iy.

PI

liolc!am.. S .• D. Qm. M. ),._~ Z. C'be!:. M M>Iquis. K B. A~"U}1.

M. Tip'''', wl H. L. Mill .. (200:,).lPCC. UX((; Chiloato ~ 2001;

The PltVs;cal 'l<leI:<' Bas>, ConcibUlioo

.,r

ww~ ~ 110m.

F.UIIh As;e""et:' Il!plltl of :I .. T!lt",go~l _ "" Cl'iIlm<

Cbllge. 99IS pp .. Cam~ llJ:i,·. Pru •• N .... yod<

Pi !Pee (lOO!) Ccmtributi.-,o ci"'Ol'.k~ grQUP 1 w tbi Trurc' Ai-Sfimta!lt Iltp«! (TAR) of II>< bJlergoo.'flll!IleIlW Ponet on Clim&1. Cb.m~

(iPCC). mud by H<>o,.~ J. " .1.. C"""~ UIlil.-miIy PR .. , CODlMi~{L'K).N""Y«k.(JSA).Sgl pp.2001.

[4j lK:C {2;)G7), SlmmuIIr for..,btj'lll>i:m.llI C _ ~ 1007: The pl:)-,ial <de!n b."'" COI!1lib_n ofW<dulg Ci<oup lie> t!:.! Founll A.,.."""""

R<i:''''

of

m.

~""tnm!<DUl_

...

Cllmue Ow;p.

«Ii1!d by S. Se~ D Qb. M. ~. Z. C1:en. M. ~. K.

A\'<IJ'. ).t. Tip!«, and R Miller. Camb~ tilL'" PRSI. C<mtbri4e.

UK. ~,,·Y«k. rJSA). 99IS Pf4X>07.

[5) Kondn<JW. K. Y. wl C.

v .... ,"'.

]\>J);. "AtI:>oq>hmc ~ Eff<a "' dle. C _ of 6100&1 Ci:lIllM. Chang< -N"""" C _ Dolo liodeu 11WU Di Fi,in ~; and Sp><. Phy>ics IS: 123- lSI.

[6} Zlw:g. C. M ... i }Om ~.lDlIg:ir;~ ';pe:""m<la!eclIlo»gy.

]-200. BEi~.

,,,-.0:'

Pros,.

[1

~=~{:~:c:~ ~~~~~~~0!f~~~.~"='~;

u;in( Slle!lit. dam; • ' ) _ inler<.,;,p>rison of ."..", .. "",,11 lechciqu6 and fr.ar pt.."i«:IWlCi a::; i1 TJrC:loo of l!l1tt W. tim!.

A""~. (be:!;. ilby, .. 4. :i2J-53S.l0(4.

[S) f<.l}""" P. J. and O'B,,~ D. '!<! ; Tho .Jtility of "",",!ely

,.,,!<d

COl cm:emra1Lou bta lr. ~Ct ~m:i0lli~ ~~"i. R.i". Lett.~ 28 .. 175-
(10)

COll1parison of Hazy and Clear Atl110spheric Conditions in Penang: using a Ground-based Lidar

\Vei Yiog KIIor', M.z. Mat Jafil. Hwee 8m Lim. Chua Ho Tan School of Phytic$

UniveI':ltl Sain.$ Malaysu P.na~ .. Mabysi;, LU1.3.il: k",)'13 ""phy071 @~tudf.nt..U$m.nlY

AbslTlut-Two type:') of atmo:5pheric (O'llditio:.a:s e.D.(oauten·d in Pt-D~ i~ moaito-nd 2nd c.o'mparf4 .~ :a gl'oU:l1d-b2.M!:d Lidu. Th. diff .... llc.' b.h ... fll thE h:uy atmo,phfri< <O".clitiDlI aa.d m-a.l' lIt11l~phE're i\. id~:mtifttd uyn; the Lii!ar.. Tbt ulil1<Oon cotffid<:ot ad ""0'01 "plic.1 d'pih (AOD) af I>oth atm<>splleric co"cliti.", arf co"'p2rtd. Th. ",<>st clistin<ij,·.

chon,t.li,tie is the largo cOUlTa,t ill vol •••

&r

tho ntiD<tioIL (oefficiellt ~ud AOD. The-thitb.f:\~ of the p1311ttary boon>CiM:'-' UI'U (PBL) is 1Il"" cliff ... t with /hic""." of 2 laD o"d ",on OD 21 haZ! oy aa.-d ftS km t13 1 laD thid);llt~s fOT • dear atm-o-spheTfo. Comp3ri1aa. of ths. two types of atUl4s.pheric coDdition~ Zh·r., " min'to thorCJ11;h 1IIld-entlndia:; of the a_'phtn ill lito",.

Ety'lffJr£is-Ex.tin('tWa C'DcJ,fic.tou; .4.ertnQ1 Qp-Iil'41 diplk (AOD); PItz",1f!.T)' btmJt4dT)' klyer (pBL.I

ThE- atmosphere COD.$i'!;u 0'£ m:my ael°o-;,.oh \vhi'.:h affect the- aUl1O!'sphenc proc:es-se!. :.:W!:h 3.~ th~ a.ir qU3lity~ 1.,-i~lbibty"

cloud forma.:tion, pl~~'ipitation and c:he'lDl(31 proce:,~~s:.

AErosols OJi~te-from z:.at,.ual !iQ,;a:eE'S (manne. a.i:-bornfo dtut" \~okm~~ ma stOl1l1-s) <mid anthrop<>~c sO\U'C~.;

(£'ostil ruel c-ombustionr." bioW.3~ butuing md ~~5-tO­

p.rtide co"..,~niou) II). Tw" i:mpomut pa ... met~.,.,. are used to monitor t!:~ ,tmo,phet-ic conditi""" ",hid: are the emnction <o.ffiel"n! .nd the •• rosol opt,,,.l depth (AOD).

E.'"rtl:a.c:tion codlkreni tak-e:; into account all transmis:iion los,e; du.~ to ~.ttHiDl and ~1>scnption of

lipn

iT!

nl"I&ul.,

..,d p..rid~, alODg lb. optic.1 path. Memwhile, AOD

,0

ihe m~A.sure of J:e!olOh tbi~kne.s<jo ms-1Jibutec. "l\;thin a column of air from 1M gro\1nd lEadh', ,uri .. ,,) It, ihe top of !he

atw.o~bel'e,

~iala.y~ia l~ ;:i tr-oplcal CO"'&'ltry. A~ ~uch. Pe:r.;mg dO' not h.n-e fcur a·2."'OL!:: ($P!"~., .$ummu, au.tulnn,. 'i\"1.ntel). Yet.

Pen.<n.g ;, affect.d grut1y by lbe m"wO<'n suso"" wruch brin.g5 2. lot of 17t!Jl md .31:.0 3ao~-ols fi:om oth.er coun:t:nes The- mOn:¥OO::l :.:ea~· hat'v€: ~ p'eat imp~d on the atmo"3-}'"here :in Peoallg by bei~ onE of the Jnaj<>-r fadon :ir.

d.t!Rrminlng.

me

atDlospn-enc t'C!ldition::, [2]. A~ a lC.~-clL Peruw,g ii. .3.ffected. by ~riou~ hue prob1em.<;. at Ie).':.! r-.riCE J.

ye~u ",hen the mc·n!<O>On seas-CD OCCUl';. Othe-r th.a:r. th! Jh'U)'

annosph",;< conditi<>m. n",.",ally the a1mo~phae in Peuang i~ c:le,1c. Thu:::..:.. a comp uioon bt-nveen th-e- hazy atmo.~bere:

"nd elo"" .tm<> .. ph.,.. mll g;ye "

lllO...,

th<>rough undentJ:m:liD.: of the atmospheac cor~~hno..."t\!': Ul Penang..

In this ~tndy, the hazy .tlllO;ph~llc conditi"", .nd the clear

= ..

phe,.. will b. <omp~d b~ .. d <'ll the

ob~ryari0l15 from tbe ground-ba~ Lida: m Penan~.

n.

STUDY AP.EA

The ;,land of Pa:.mg " loated in the r;.orth,,·.,telU

'''Po''

of Pe~· Mmy>i. and lit> wiihin latitude~

$,2 ON to 5.5·N and l~iiud"dOO.l5"E to 1oo.43·E (Figure 1). Th" um,. used;, th" R;,ym .. trics l.BlOO-ESS- D200 Eye·S.fe Sea""",,, Lid.>!" OJ.,;t,,,,,. It i, pbc..c. on the rooft"p of tbe Schoo! of Phydc" USM. ~n.",~ .t a

!>titn.ie .,f 5.1eN .nd. a 101l.gituie of! QG. 3(lE.

!.' ...

Fiptr! 1 T ~~hk "Q3p ofPtt.ms; rei.ioc. witll e-ln~ m meteri The iiv! -r--4!! ~W I-ept,!.:eJtl ~ Lida! ~ca..li.oo. (US-"1).

Ill. DATA AC~'l;'lSmo!" AND PROCESS1NG . ..3

The P"ound·bsed L,da,. in Pen",,!;

.mit,

la:s pube of w3nl.~h 355= i:rto the atm0'l'he ... at a ",,,,ith;lD.j;le 'Of 90' ""d 'l.2.inmtlul ",gl£ of O' T~ user rlfos 1200 shol>

e\.°-ery minute, w.b.i~h ~ at J. fi:eque.nc)· of 20 Hz .. To impt·o·~""e the si~l-t-l)-l:.--oi:.e n.tlo. thi:· b:~et tZlgn:.lk obtainEd wen- 3\tf.nge-d for E1."ery 10 m.mute-;.

(11)

v.

CO!-';CLUSION

The hazy atm"'l'h~ric. co"dIti.:>"" an<! the de", atmc$phe:riC' condition'! have :-ome -:.iguific:mr di.fterenc~ ..

The extln.ctlon cceffictent ;!alu>!:i. fot· hazy day~ ~re

~'e;:!.ta-than 0.4 km1 wmeh can reat:h as l3.rge a'1 1 km¥!.

ThE-:extt!:..-<:tlOU coefiideut \"a.fue.~ for clear· atmo~hE-re are Ie" tlnn 0.3 };",' The PEL of a hazy <by '" tl=kel !h=

a clen <by where the PBL truckne" is more than 2 kUl- A ly\>ical1hickn"" .. {the PBL for. cl ... <by is about (LS km to 1 km. Noise u pre:.e-nt in th-e ~gnah due to !On-ong

~ln radtation. Du.e 10 the-ui~n Doise~ the companson of this study coull! cnly be cone foy· e,e lower 2tDlO"l'h ...

The AOD ofa hazy d>.y i< much lar~n than the AOD oh d"u <by me OOmE!lme" may be larger by tlu-eo timl>s of

,,,,m., ..

Comp"",,,n oftt..« dear an<! hazy d.)·, P'~ a mor.

thorough Imd",st~ of the .tmo"l'Mre m Pe"anl;".

A02\O"1..£DG}{Th'

The amhor~ patefu!ly "ckuo .... j".!~ the finan~ial ""l'\>Ort under the ERGS. p..m 20S!PFIZlKf67J0051. FUIld.melltal Research Gnnt $ch"me (FRGS) 203IPFIZIK!671B52 - Im..,rti~.i .. m Of Aero""l Cbancteri~tiCl And D.,nibution In

~i~ay!>i.a By Uring Aeroner And Lidal" Data .. SC:le.uceFuna 305/PFlZIKt61 ;615 - Eu;-m:mmartal Efl'kto And It, Illfluenci! of Increa,"'! Gre<!n Howe Gasses In P,,~ul.al·

Mllay..i3 and RUl p'mt (lnq,.,oidual) l()OllPFIZIKiSllllS - I",,-..rtig3tion Of The Impact!. Of S_rtime Mon,oon C:u'OUlarion To The A~l'O~b Tran<pertation And Distribution In Soulh •• st

Am

Which Can L."; To Glob.!

C:liIwt,,~.

R.ETI:!>.ENCIS

{I) W.K 0 .... YW.Cbm.C-C.K(~S.Y CbIq.P.H.Lm.

aM 1.1', COOl. -Co~ <ptiz>ipopmi •• cl'tropoij:ben, 3.eroKIl by (O~ lidM .mi ~t-ctneter D..~w:ecsm lit TiQEt Tillw£" .. .f.m-w:. £m;ir~fL tro: 43, no. 17, pp. 2·700-~·"OS.

1~J9.

ill

J.

s.

hid. E I. h)-... t..

s

IoI:n5oo. B. K Hcll>£n. R. I Y<>ke!;cm. i.zt..ag.J. F. C""'l'b!ll. S .•. Chrinoplw.L. D!

GirolE .... L C~ 1'- Eo Rc\z, C. X .. ",.y.!. ~ E .•.

R.W..FJ Twlo.r. WanL.P.XDr..G·.Zl>..w.RB:UuubrD~

11. N. Ch ... S J ... ",w. l{

La,,""'''',

p, Lemn. N. H.l.in. M

~A.X.N~B._.NT.KO"""~M,Oo.S

v.

ScliuL I. 1. W-.'t«..m

s. c.1Je,..

"Ob""''''< I!>ll w:d",,'~:II<~" M"", .",,;cl '~;!m by ,.."...

sensm:; AIl in.~m.iew acd ;malysu fa the ~ ~st Aiian SrJ.dle rSEAS) J:-ro~.M·.AtmoS. u:., \'C>!. n2, Pl'·

4$>-4¢UN3.

ill J. D t:let .. -Su~a MUlytit4!.iD\~ ~~ for. pr«-e~2ii::;{

MM,.rures .. - Alpi. 0;' .. ,":.1Q. no. :.pp.lll-l:W. 19$1

!41 ~. LonL E ). Wetm:. mdJ R Campbell. "E\ .. ~. ~

~ Drop Siu Emm.uES from M.iliiW4J\~lttgm Y~po.t:;e Li, 'dM~£tW"o~ ~,~ J:-..4.!M-J! .. OttCM. r«k!tci.¥ \'01. 30.r:e .2. P!' ,,7jlS-:S~ ditp _0"

15] W. Y.f.h«. U'. S.E ... F T.Il.l!. S llm.l>!.Z.l.U.!n..m:iB Hclt>€!l. "'Co:r-~-h«i of A£osci opti:a.l depth (ACD) &ri'f£d

[6]

PI

(1]

irOlil AERONET swmllorO"l.",r .:>d Li<br ""om.." lOP Co~r.

~r.E"1't!'E"..."..1t

Sri..

"ci. 20. p. Olle'5S. X,I~.

\1i Y. Kilo •. ~.l.olli. W. S. R ••. H. S. Lim. M Z .:MM

Jom.

A.

B~. wi L. ,.",... '1i<br .,.~""",,,U!B ~ .lo ..

<Ji<;C>de m !'eIwlg. MW.y,;';U:<i. ",lid><io~ en m. ECM\\-'f MACe .ll .... del " PUIIJ:iOj4 . .f!!' c .. ~t l'TO<tcifnr. :»14. in pte;.

S.R lI'~~.JD. S~. S-H.ChD<l.lI!1o~. P. Polm. -Lim o>mn,.liooso-<Vertiuli\'OIcniz<dC<m·.roan ",me

p:..u.ur: • ..sr

Lo~";'

o\--fr

,be Omll. -J. Chm .• fi'pl.

3{n.rai., vol. J~.IIO. S. pp. S*-S11.. ... ~ ln5.

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Multiple regression analysis in modeLLing of carbon dioxide emissions by energy consumption use in Malaysia

AlP C.onf. f'ro'C, 1657, 050005 (201. 5); httr.: ."::!Y"ici.!::~g:i:j. Lf)f'.}/l I:"'~::' 51::':::.

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resuits are act.urate an1 (;30 lm t,Sf:,~ it) barly warning of the populatlon t.) (;0mp!"''' wIth ~if Quality- stal1<jards.

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Univ Sains Malaysia Ubrary

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"<- ~ " ~

~ til P I Proceedings· .~ I

~~I

Relationship between ozone and the air pollutants in Peninsular MaLaysia for 2003 retrieved from SCIAMACHY

K. C Tan

1,

H. S. Lim

1

and M. Z. Mat Jafri

1

+VIEW AFFIUAT/OKS

AlP Conf. Proc. 1528, 151 (2013): http;.!/ct)(.dOLorg/liJ.1C63.:'lA3G3S86f':

Conference date: 1S-21 Novemoor 2012

location: Colmar Trcpicale, Bukrt Tinggi. Fahang. Malaysia

< PREVIOUS ARTICLE ! TABLE OF {ON,[NH NEXT ARTICLE,

Abstract It.etrks Related

Since few decades ago. air pollution has become a hoI topic of en',ironmental and atmospheric research Clue 10 the impact of air pollution on human health. Ozone is one of the important chemical constituent olthe atmosphere. 1Aihich plats a Key role in alrnosphericenergy nudget and chemistry. air quality ana glOo.sl change Results from the anal),sis of the retrieved monthly data from Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCI.A.MACHY) were utilized, in order to analyze the impact of air pollutants (

00

2 '

Cf4 ' 11

2

0

<

and NOz ) Oli the ozone in Peninsular Malaysia for 2003 using multiple regression analysis.

SC1AMft,CHY ontoard ENVISAT as part of the atmospheric chemistry pdyload of the third European Space Agency (ESA) Earth obser...at;on, is the first satellite instrument whose measurements is enough precise and sensitive

tor

aU the greenhouse gases to rnake ooseflistion

at all

atmospheric altitude levels Clown

10

the Earth's surface.

Among the

four pollutants, ozone was most affected 0i water vapor (H,Ovapor). indic.atea br a strong beta coefficient

(-o.ng -

O.997J. depends on tht' seasonalvariet}: In addition. C02 also shows a

strong

Beta coefficient (-0.554 - 0.717) and

also

affected by the seasonal

variation.

The

variation of pollutants

on tt16

average

explainS

change

:'0.1% of the

ozone. This

means tt)at about %.1% olthe ozone is attributed to tl18S6 pollutant gases. The SCIAMACHY data and the satellite measurements successfllllJ' identifY the increase of the atmospheric. air pollutants over the study area.

§ 2013 AlP Putlishing LLC

BUY: US02tLOO

Key Topics

[)a ta analysis k;:L;~::;''CE:;::;i:.' Image analysis C=::~~=;L:u0;~\IJ Spectrum anaiysis

i ' "" ."",,' ,-~'" _. ,.,,'

r . /< ~~. :;i }'~"

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.\

!

A comparison of radiometric correction techniques

in the evaluation of the relationship between LSTand NDVI in Landsat imagery

KClk Clwoi Tan· Hwee Sm} Lim·

Mobd Zubir MlI'.Jafri • Khit-uddio Abdullah

Received: 25 January 2011 i AC~~flt<'{l: .~O JUlK' 20 II .(:, Springer Sci<;n".::"n,,~ill("S~ Medm lty 101!

Abstract Atlllospheric corr"''«i.ions for multi-temporal oplical satellite images

ill'C

necessary, espceiall.y in change detection IUlalyscs, such as normalized diftbr- tnee vegetation index (NDVI) rationing. Abrupt change detection (inalysis using remote-sensing Icch·

niques requires mdiometric C011gruily and atmospher- ic correction

tt)

monitor terrcstrial surfilccs owr time.

1\\'0

a.tmospheric correction methods wel'l: ns(ld Ihr this study: relative radiometric nomlali7.atiou and the simplified method for atmosl)hcric correction (SMAC) in the:

SOhlf

spectrum. A

m\llti~tcmporal

data set consisling of two sets of Landsat images lI'om the (1eliod between 19{) 1 and 2002 of Penang Island, Malaysia. was used to Ct1l11pare N.oVI {naps. whidl

w(,,'re

generated using the proposed atmospheric

correction

method,;.

Land surface iempemture (LST) was retrieved using ATCOR3_T ill PCI Geomalicu 10.1 image processing sol\wa.re:. Linear regJ'cssioll analysis was utilized to analyze fhe relationship between N.oVI and LST. This study n:wcals that both

K. C TanCS:}' H.~. Lim' M. Z. MatJatii' K. Al.14ullall Scbo"l of

f'hy;ck",.

Unh'c!';ili Sains

Mal"ys''''

I [SO\) Pcnang.. Miliaysi;t e·mail: kl)kchl)(ti.RNil:gmail,i.:1.Nll

of Ihe proposed atmospheric eoneclion mcthod8 yidded high '((x''1.lfUCY through cx.a.11lill1ltion of the lincur correl,ltion e·ocfficiems. To .;:heck for the accuracy of the equation obtained through linear regression analysis for every single satellite imagc, 20 points were r4ndomly chosen. The results showed that the SMAC mcthud yielded n constant value (in (Cl1nS of error) to pn::tlkt the N.oVI valucfi'om linear regression anllIY$is-dcrived eqlmtioll. The errors (IIV.

erage) fi'om both proposed atmospheric con'CCtioll methods were less than 10'%.

Keywords Landsat, NDVI ,SMAC . LST

lntroducti(m

Snu!"lIitc image analysis has pf(wided invaluable data for ellvironment monitoring over the past few decades.

RCPL'~tt

observatiolis of a given study area Wilh spatial synchronization InCreases the quality of environmental QbSCfvlItion dahl,

esp~x:.i"lIy

in change dcte.;tion amllysis (Janzen ct al. 20(J6: .oil e! 31. 2()Ol).

H()wever, there is Vllrialion in the

~ensQr's

resp;;mse

o\'er tlmc due

to

changes in

~ateJJile

sensor calilml-

(15)

Reg;ressiGn analysis .inmodeling of ak su rtace

temperatlJ:reandfactors affectingits.vatue:in Penj;Asu;larMalaysia

San lim; l(h!ruddin

Opt Eng. 5H10}, 101702 (May 21, 2012). doi:1O.1117f1.0E.51.10.101702

!·-listory: Received October 17. 2011; Revfsed December 20, 2011; Accepted January 5, 2012

Abstract

Abstract; Introduction Materiat and Methods; Results and Discussion • Conclusions! Acknowtedgments : References

Text Size: A A A

Abstract.. This study encompasses air surface temperature lAST} modeling in the lower atmosphere. Data of four atmosphere pollutant gases (CO, 03. CH.4 .. and H20vapor) dataset retrieved from the National Aeronautics and Space A.dministration Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), from 2003 to 2008 was employed to develop a model to predict AST value in the Malaysian peninsula using the multiple regression method. For the entire period, the pollutants \vere highly correlated m = 0.821) with predicted AST.

Comparisons among five stations in 2009 showed close agreement between the predicted AST and the observed AST from AIRS, especially in the southwest monsoon (SWM) season, within 1.3 K and for in situ data. within 1 to 2 K. The validation results of AST with AST from AIRS shovlfed high correlation coefficient (R = 0.845 to 0.918), indicating the model's efficiency and accuracy. Statistical analysis in terms of f3 showed that

H20vapor (0565 to 1.746) tended to contribute significantly to high AST values during the northeast monsoon season. Generally. these results dearly indicate the advantage of using the satellite AIRS data and a correlation analysis study to investigate the impact of

atmospheric greenhouse gases on AST over the Ma!aysian peninsula. A model was developed that is capable of retrieving the Malaysian peninsu!an AST in aU weather conditions. with total uncertainties ranging between 1 and 2 K.

I

(16)

Scholar

Mood lubi! MaWaffi

Analysis of total column ozone in Peninsular Malaysia retrieved from SCIAMACHY.

:".~;l!,y:,. Kok Chooi Tan, Hwee San lim, t .. -1at Jafn. Mohd Zut~r

j(;~,!"!:,~: Atmcspheuc Pollulion Research

~~(h;;a{ ~,t; ',; i;") A~~y.~I~:~QD~(~f~EI~~.·~.~~!~·!!~:?~~I~~~~f.~.~·-~~~I~'y~~}~·~~·~~~~:r.r~6~$~.@:~~~~~:tj KC Tan, H San Lim. M Jafri. (,,1 Zubit -Atrr::espheric Pollution Research. 2014 Cited

oy

3 - Relatf:!d articl~.s

FullVICW

(17)

Atmospheric Environment

't ...

V~k;me 71, June 201 S. Pages 36-43

Combining multiple regression and principat component analysis for accurate predictions for column ozone in Peninsular Malaysia

Jasim M

Rapl~.

M.l r'AatJafn". H S Lirn

t .•.

til

• Show more

doc10.1016fJ.atmosenv.20nOl.019

~}

Get rights and content

Abstract

This study encompasses columnar ozone modelling in the peninsular Malaysia. Data of eight atmospheric parameters rair surface temperature (AST), carbon monox.ide (CO}. methane (CH.;), water vapour (H20vapollf)' skin surface temperature (SSKT). atmosphere temperature (AT}. relative humidity (RH), and mean surface pressure (MSP}] data seL retrieved from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), for the entire period (2003-2008) was employed to develop models to predict the value of columnar ozone (03l in study area. The combined method. which is based on using both multiple regressions combined with principal component analysis (PCA) modelling. was used to predict columnar ozone. This combined approach was utilized to improve the prediction accuracy of columnar ozone. Separate analysis was carried out for north east monsoon (NEM} and south west monsoon (SWr'v1) seasons The 03 was negatively correlated with CH

4 •

H,?Ov":>c'ur, RH, and MSP. whereas it was positively correlated with CO, AST, SSKT, and AT during both the

NEM and SWM season periods, Multiple regreSSion analysis was used to fit the columnar ozone data using

the atmospheric parameter's variables as predictors. A variable selection method based on high loading of

varimax rotated principal components was used to acquire subsets ofthe predictor variables to be comprised

in the linear regression model of the atmospheric parameter's variables It was found that the increase in

columnar 03 value is associated with an increase in the values of AST SSKT, AT and CO and with a drop in

the levels of CH4, H20"apou" RH, and MSP The result of fitting the best models for the columnar 0

3

value

using eight of the independent variables gave about the same values of the R (""0 .93) and Ffl ("'0.86) for both

the NErvI and SWM seasons. The common variables that appeared in both regression equations were SSKT,

CH4 and RH, and the principal precursor of the columnar 03 value in both the NEM and SWM seasons was

SSKT

(18)

)

Optics Communications

An ultra-compact multimode interference coupler as an optimum all-optical switch based on nonlinear modal propagation analysis

Mehdi Tajaldini "', Mohd Ztlbir Mat Jafri ...

ARTICLE INfO Alride hi"",.y:

Reaol .. '<l 19 j;ln .... 'Y 2014 Rt!triYed in revist'Jd (Ol'fl:1 fl Mimil 2014 I\{c.,>lOO 13 Man::b 2014 1I .. ,wlll. online 27 M.n:h liJl4 Keyw<>rds:

MMI Ml'1I AlI-optiGlI _ild>

NoJl:1ine.u ft·g.rme

b"""wn

loss

Switching pcr(,.mmre

gam

Acknowledgments

A8STRACT

Thi.. paper propos<'S 0100.1 prop"Z.tKIO .".Iysis (MI'II) as .n .dvilntageous approad! to studying ;In aU- opl"ital switch haS<'<! QU 4 ""~11l-d;1II0n"i()11 multimorle interft''''nct' (MMI) .. ,ltJl'kr at th" tiJt('sh<>1d mIlle nonlin('ar regime. 111e-finitt", .. diffeorenH! me-thud is: appti,pd a. ... a rigorous numerical method of solving the l101)li ..

<,.,

moddl equati<",. and "' .. 4suring til<, muddl [ltt>pagatioo roll."l"ml. 11l';< ch.r.1("I~l'iz.1iol!$ of two initial n".~ dt'JllOft.-str .. ue tht:" rh"logt"S lh~tf .1fe indu("ed by nonlinear dfe(1.S;. ~;Udl itS the conversion of a sinusoid.ll profile to •

r

"US!ri.10 profile ilt the dire<.1ian of propagation. the high oscination of the illduced pltrlse • .tnd a variable s.hitt in wavcle-ngth. FutthemlOn~. all of tl""!' .mnvementiont~ dtannes: maniftlSt differently fot "ad, mode. 1'he

c.."""dll

profjk< of guid<>d moMs .Kx"mpanied by other observed

pb~ tead to more efficient iruerf{>ren('~ Among the modes. to (k":1l1cutsttat~ ~'Wi(dling Applica ....

bons at a small MMI length ""41e. The Plut''''"re for designing "It optimum switch requirt'S U.,., impl('ment.'ttion CJf.l sern"S of vveral ~1ucti(~ of the !l.witdling. opet'Cltion b.tsed 011 related param('!'ters"

sud, as the <nlltras! ratio !:IeIWet", the ON and OH' outputs. whid •. is ('ailed [he ,wit citing Pl'lfOrt'll.'l1lO.' gain (SPC): this par.mter£'r is u:..-ed to optimile t.ht~ switdl \lia the output width, and the inst"rt:ioll Joss is used in the same Ul;Jnn~r. Th~ r"",dts iOOk"t" UIt' ~tlkienry of tile apPf(ladl at an MMllength of a few

mkrl)rn\~U~r5 .1Ild indk';IU! th.:d: SPG h S("nsjliV{~ to both output: width .and input inteIL...aty. 10 uur knowledge, this is the fifSl ,rudy to demonstrat .. power switching using nonline<lr modal propagation

"lJldlysis in d~ J{)w-tntP.f1~ity nnnhm~ar reghue iu a t':onflgufati(Jtl Cre.dtl-d by guid-<"d-nlOdt.~ inten(~'efK:es.

4",) 2014 ElS<'Vier B.V. 1111 rights reserved.

This research project was funded by Universiti Sains Malaysia Research University Grant no. 1001fPFIZlK

/811220. by the Malaysia Ministry of Education Fundamental Research Grant Scheme {FRGS}2031PFIZIK

f67t1349. and by the Department of Higher Education Exploratory Research Grant (ERGS) 203/PFIZIK

/6730051.

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Simulation of an Ultra-Compact Mu[timode Interference Power Splitter Based on Kerr Nonlinear Effect

Mcl>di -rajald'n; dnd Mohd iubir IMl.Jdlf'

Journal of Lightwaye Technology, VoL 32" Issue 7, pp. 1282-1289 (2014-)

View FuH Text Article

J-Lightwave Tec'mol

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~~(l:lii!122j_"

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S-elert an 2ction,,,

• L'tl}J

Abstract

vVe propose an ultra-compact multirnode interference (Mrv1!) power spjitter based on the Kerr nonlinear effect ITom simulations using modal prepagation analysis_ Crystaliine polydiacetylene is used as the core layer to allow for the creatron of a power spl~ter with a high number of outputs •• ith the shortest possible muHimode w_guide length operating in the nonlinear regime. The 11 high·contrast. high-resolullon images at the end cf the mu!bmode _ • ..,guide in Lhe simulated powe, spiiUer have a hi~-h power balance, whereas access Lo a high nUmOOr of se~-lInages ,s nol possible under the linear regirr.~ in ti,e proposed length range. The compact dimensions a,~:l

,de.,

perfOfmance of the de'iice .re established according to optimiz.ed parameters. Th. propos.d regim<l can be exlended to the design of SM [llimes} NS pOn'er splitters Th~ re!>ults ot thiS study indicate that nonlinear modal propagation analYSIS solves the miniaturization problem for all·optlcal de"ifC43S based on MMI couplers to achie';.'e multiple functions in a compact planar Integrated cirCUit and also overcomes the ';rrutatJons of previ{lusly proposed methods for nonlinear MMl. The results are venfied using a numerical method.

©2014 IEEE

(20)

'\

I

Article Preview

Af'plii!dM''C/UJTdc. ",,,IMaM;a'., H,L 6M (2()j.f)ppSl,9~

OnJint.'lIt-W/(Jhlt·siTlCl.·lfJI4/0r::1/(l1 llf "'Illw.sdlmtiflcnel e, (JON) Tn", .• r","", PIlhb''''ti<..n.,. SwitzI'd""",' ' doi:lfJ.4t12&.www .. <c". .. siJkneliAMJf.661./l1

S"hmiu"d: N.II,L!O/4 A""l?pll!ll: 01.06.20/4

Aerosol Characterization over Penang, Malaysia using Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)

A. N. Alias"U.a. M. Z. MatJafrr, H. S. Um', N. M. Saleh;, S. H. Chumiran

2.5

and A. Mohamad

4

'Faculty of Applied Sciences. Universiti Teknologi MARA (UlTM) Perak, Tapah Campus, Perak.

Malaysia

'Faculty of Applied Sciences. Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Malaysia lschool of Physics. UnlversiU Salns Malaysia. Penang. Malaysia

'Faculy of Electrical Engineering. Universiti Teknologi (MARA} Penang. Malaysia 'Department of Applied Sciences. Unlversiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Penang, Malaysia

'ema~: azrul.afiaS@ppinang.uilm.edu.my

Key words:

Angstrom Exponent. Aerosol, AOD. AERONET

Abstract. Ground-based solar photometer nll'3$UfI.'Illents w~'re utilizcd in the ambiancc of Univcn'iti Sains Mala~1a (USM) l'tnang 11l1d Univcrsiti TckilOlogi MARA (lJiTMI Penallg during

&1'lellj!Jcr.Novclllbl.'r 2()13 with a .spl'Cifit cnd goal to portray tilt' th~traCIt.7iS'tics

of

the local :ltmusphl'ric environment. lbis both siu>s were established as; being component of the collaborative work of the Seven S()uth East Asian Stud.il's (7SEAS) regional aerosol nlCaSIll'l':l1tent projcct. This study concentr31Ci; on the Angstrom exponi:l1! (a), that is the gradient of the logarithm oftllC lll'1'Osol optic,'ll depth (AOD) against the logarithm of the wavelength as weI! a.~ being commonly usro to cnameteri'Le the wavelength reliance of AOD alld 10 filrtlish some edtical data on the aerosol size distribUlioll, In most situmilll1s fmc mllde aerosols appear to be the predomimll1t category with marginally substantial contributions of coao;c mode partieles result.ing from the pm1icle growing, hlending pnlt:C-l.'SC$ wid1 olher aerosol type;,;. prccipil:Hion lac.foo; and relative distance til the
(21)

lOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental SCience> Volume 2{J

>

oonterence 1

11'1

S Hee

et a/2014 IOPConf Sec Earth Environ. Sci. 20 012060 (!oi·101G38i175~·-1315.120j1j012060

Haze event monitoring and investigation in Penang Island, Malaysia using a ground-based backscatter Lidar

11'1 S

Hee, F Tan, H SUm and fA

Z

Matjafri Show affiliations

~

Tag this article h; PDF (1.44 MB)

Abstract 'References Metrics!

During 24th July 2013 to 1st August 2013, a haze event struck Penang Island, causing the visibilitj"to decrease and increase in Air Pollution Index (API). A ground-based backscatter Udar. operate at 355 nm which was setup althe rooftop of the School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia. II was used to monitor and investigate the haze event. For this work, we studied the daytime variation Dfthe aerosol intenSity. distribution, planetary boundary layer (pel) height anll the aerosol optical depth

(AOD)

values during these days. We found that the aerosol are very intense during the first two days of the haze event and slowly dedine as time passed. Finally the haze event died off on 1st August 2013. As for daily aerosol distribution. aerosols are generally more intense during the aftemoon. Its intenSity' is slightly lower in the morning and evening. Similar trends were observed for AOD values as they increase from momlng to aftemoon and slowly decrease in the evening. Most aerosols are found contained below the pel which generally found at around 1000 -2000 m in height

lOP Conrerence Series: Eartb and Environmental Science> Volume 18 >

conference

1

TKChooi

etal2014lOPConf.

Ser.:

EartH Environ.. SCI. 18

012083

(\01:10 1088fF~5·131:;11811f012033

Observed atmospheric total column ozone distribution from SCIAMACHY over Peninsular Malaysia

T

K

Chooi

1.

l H San and

M Z M

Jafri Show a.ffiliation s

~

Tag this artide "!i PDF (996 KB}

Abstract References' Metrics

The increase in atmospheric ozone has received great attention because it degrades air quality and brings hazard to human health and ecosystems. The aim of this study'was to assess the seasonal variations of ozone concentrations in Peninsular Malaysia from January 2003 to December 2009 using Scanning Imaging .Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAt,1ACHy). level-2 data of total column ozone WFMD version 1.0 with spatial resolution l ' " 125' were acquired through SCI;',MACHY. Analy'sis for trend of five selected sites exhiM strong seasonal variation in atmospheric ozone concentrations. where there is a significant difference bet.veen northeast monsoon and southwest monsoon. The highest ozone values occurred over industrial and congested urban zones (280.97 DU) on August at Bayan lepas. The lowest ozone values were observed during northeast monsoon on December at Subang (233.08 DU).ln addition. the local meteorological factors also bring an impact on the atmospheriC orone. During northeast monsoon, with the higher rate of precipitation, higher relative humidity, low temperature, and less sunlight hours let to the lowest ozone concentrations. Inversely, the highest ozone concentrations obselved during southwest monsoon. with the low precipitation rate, lower relative humidity', higher

temperature. and more sunlight hours. 8ack trajectories analysis is carried out in order to trace the path of the air parcels with high ozone concentration event, suggesting duster of trajectory' (from southwest of the study aJea) caused by the

anthropogenic sources assodated with biogenic emissions from large tropical forests. which can make important contribution

to regional and global pollution.

Rujukan

DOKUMEN BERKAITAN

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The aim of this study is to classify the indicator of variable predictors using the principal component analysis (PCA) method and to compare the best model for predicting

(HIF) as its characteristics of current are low magnitude, unstable and wide fluctuation. According to the literature, HIF is the unwanted electrical contact between an