IEG 102 – INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY [PENGANTAR TEKNOLOGI PERSEKITARAN]

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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Second Semester Examination 2010/2011 Academic Session

April/May 2011

IEG 102 – INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY [PENGANTAR TEKNOLOGI PERSEKITARAN]

Duration: 3 hours Masa: [3 jam]

Please check that this examination paper consists of SEVEN pages of printed material before you begin the examination.

[Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi TUJUH muka surat yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.]

Instructions: Answer FIVE questions. You may answer the questions either in Bahasa Malaysia or in English.

[Arahan: Jawab LIMA soalan. Anda dibenarkan menjawab soalan sama ada dalam Bahasa Malaysia atau Bahasa Inggeris.]

In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used.

[Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah diguna pakai.]

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PART A: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. (a) Sketch and describe briefly the functions of any TWO of the following equipment.

i) Cyclone separator ii) Fabric filter

iii) Electrostatic precipitator

(12 marks)

(b) Describe the degradation process of an organic pollutant in soils through biological mechanism.

(8 marks)

2. (a) Define renewable energy and its importance toward achieving environmental sustainability.

(8 marks)

(b) List FOUR renewable energy sources.

(4 marks)

(c) Briefly explain the role of decomposers in an ecosystem.

(8 marks)

3. (a) Explain the different stages of waste water treatment and their goals.

(12 marks)

(b) What chemicals are often used for disinfection?

(4 marks)

(c) What is the mechanism of disinfection?

(4 marks)

4. (a) Estimate the energy content of the hydrocarbons in Figure 1 in unit kJ/g.

(8 marks)

(b) How many moles of CO₂ will be formed in this process for every 1000 kJ of liberated energy?

(12 marks)

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The formulae of the two hydrocarbons and bond energies are as follows:

Figure 1

PART B: ANSWER ONE QUESTION ONLY

5. (a) Calculate the BOD concentration of water in which 10 mg of sugar (C6H12O6) is dissolved in one liter of water. How does this compare with the O2 solubility at 20°C which is 9 mg/L?

(10 marks) (b) Explain briefly TWO suitable methods in the remediation of soil contamination.

(10 marks) 6. Describe any THREE of the following:

i) Acid Rains

ii) Limiting Nutrient iii) Photochemical Smog

iv) Chemical formation of particulate matters

(20 marks) E_C-C = 392 kJ/mol

(EC-C)Aromatic =491 kJ/mol EO-H = 460 kJ/mol E_C=O = 799 kJ/mol EO=O = 494 kJ/mol EC-H = 410 kJ/mol

Phenanthrene Triphenylmethane

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7. (a) What is meant by NOx?

(4 marks)

(b) What are the sources and sinks of NOx?

(6 marks)

(c) How particulate matters are formed in the atmosphere? Describe with the help of chemical equations.

(10 marks)

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BAHAGIAN A: JAWAB SEMUA SOALAN

1. (a) Lakarkan dan jelaskan dengan ringkas DUA alatan berikut

i) Pengasing siklon ii) Penuras fabrik

iii) Pemendap elektrostatik

(12 markah)

(b) Huraikan proses penguraian satu bahan pencemar organik di dalam tanah menerusi mekanisme biologi.

(8 markah)

2. (a) Takrifkan Tenaga diperbaharui dan kepentingannya dalam mencapai kelestarian persekitaran.

(8 markah)

(b) Senaraikan EMPAT sumber tenaga diperbaharui.

(4 markah)

(c) Secara ringkas terangkan peranan pengurai dalam ekosistem.

(8 markah)

3. (a) Jelaskan perbezaan tahap pemprosesan air kumbahan dan tujuan mereka.

(12 markah)

(b) Apakah bahan kimia yang sering digunakan untuk pembasmian kuman?

(4 markah)

(c) Apakah mekanisme pembasmian kuman?

(4 markah) 4. (a) Anggarkan kandungan tenaga hidrokarbon dalam Rajah 1 di bawah dalam unit kJ/g.

(8 markah)

(b) Berapa mol CO₂ akan terbentuk dalam proses ini untuk setiap 1000 kJ tenaga yang dibebaskan?

(12 markah)

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Diberi rumus dua hidrokarbon dan tenaga ikatan seperti berikut:

Rajah 1

BAHAGIAN B: JAWAB SATU SOALAN SAHAJA

5. (a) Hitung kepekatan BOD air yang mana 10 mg gula (C6H12O6) dilarutkan dalam satu liter air. Bagaimana kepekatan BOD yang diperolehi dibandingkan dengan ketelarutan O₂ pada 20ºC yang berkepekatan 9 mg/L?

(10 markah)

(b) Terangkan secara ringkas DUA kaedah yang sesuai dalam pemulihan tanah yang tercemar.

(10 markah) 6. Huraikan sebarang TIGA yang berikut:

i) Hujan Asid ii) Gizi Penghad iii) Kabut fotokimia

iv) Kimia pembentukan partikulat

(20 markah) E_C-C = 392 kJ/mol

(EC-C)Aromatic =491 kJ/mol EO-H = 460 kJ/mol E_C=O = 799 kJ/mol E_O=O = 494 kJ/mol EC-H = 410 kJ/mol

EC=O = 799 kJ/mol EO=O = 494 kJ/mol E_C-H = 410 kJ/mol EC=O = 799 “ EO=O = 494 “ E_C-H = 410 “

Phenanthrene Triphenylmethane

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7. (a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan NOx?

(4 markah)

(b) Apakah sumber dan takungan NOx?

(6 markah)

(c) Bagaimana partikulat terbentuk di atmosfera? Jelaskan dengan bantuan persamaan kimia.

(10 markah)

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