ﺕ
ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ
ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
ﺏﻮﻘﻌﻳ ﻙﻭﺮﺳ ﺕﻮﻛﺮﺳ
ﰲ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﻡﺪﻘﻣ ﺚﲝ ﺙﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻣ
) ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ (
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ -
ﺎﻳﺰﻴﻟﺎﻣ
ﺯﻮﲤ ٢٠١١ ﻡ
ABSTRACT
This study examines the Islamic ruling on demonstrations, strikes and sit-ins, which are means of protest, freedom of expression, and peaceful change, putting them firmly in our time, and proving their effectiveness in changing regimes in many countries.
The study begins with the demonstration and clarification of the definitions, and identification of their components, and deals with disputes about the legitimacy of examining the evidence, and compares, analyzes, and weights them in light of the purposes of the law (MaqÉÎid al SharÊÑah). The study then addresses the issue of strike, its definition, and types, the different views about its legitimacy, and analyses and compares it, in light of the purposes of the law. Hunger strike is also looked at in terms of the legitimacy or the sanctity of the permissible. Then study focuses on the SharÊÑah, which must be observed by all of the protesters and the authorities concerned. The results include the permissible of demonstrations, strikes and sit-ins, as an expression of opinion, enjoining what is good and forbidding what is vice, after exhausting all available ways. The protesters should adhere to a number of disciplines like the sanctity of hurting others, damage to public and private property, and other disciplines the parties concerned should comply with such as to protect the protesters, secure the roads for them, and accept their protest in the interests of the nation.
APPROVAL PAGE
I certify that I have supervised and read this study and that in my opinion it confirms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage. (Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh)
………..….
Mahmod Zuhdi Hj Abd Majid Supervisor
I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it confirms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage. (Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh)
………..
Maszlee Malik Examiner
This thesis was submitted to the Department of Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh and is accepted as partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage. (Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh)
………..
Ahmad Basri bin Ibrahim Head, Department of Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh
This thesis was submitted to the Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences and is accepted as partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage. (Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh)
……….
Badri Najib Zubir
Dean, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human sciences
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my own investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references and a bibliography is appended.
Name: Sarkawt Sarok Yaqob
Signature _____________________ Date __________
IIUM
١
ﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘ
ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻢﺴﺑ
ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻳ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻣ :
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ ﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﺪﲪ ﻖﺣ ﷲ ﺪﻤﳊﺍ ﺁﻭ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻪﻘﻠﺧ ﲑﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻼﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﻼ
ﺎـﻳﺩﺎﻫﻭ ﺔﲪﺭ ﺙﻮﻌﺒﳌﺍ ،ﻪﻟ
ﻪﻘﻠﳋ ﻭ ، ﺎﻣﺮﳏ ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻩﺩﺎﺒﻋ ،ﻪﻘﻠﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﻮﻬﺷ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻼﻋﺎﺟﻭ ، ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﺎﺒﺟﻮﻣ
ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺓﻻﺍﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﻢﻬﻨﻴﺑ
ﻭ ، ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻢﻬﻗﺮﻔﻳ ﺎﻤﻋ
ﻢﻬﻔﺻ ﻕﺰﳝﻭ ﻭ ،
ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﻌﻳﺮﺸﺑ
ﺪﺣﻮﻳ ﺎﲟ
،ﻢﻬﻔﺻ
ﻳﻭ ﻢﻫﲑﻏ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻣﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻫﺮﻬﻈ .
ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻥﺈﻓ :
ﻻﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺍﺮﻫﺎـﻈﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﻣﺎـﺸﻟﺍ ﻪـﻣﻮﻬﻔﲟ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺣ
ﺕ ﺕﺍﲑـﺴﳌﺍﻭ
ﻭ ﺑﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎ ﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺎ ﺓﺪﺷﺎﳊﺍ ﺕ ،ﺍﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﻣﻮﻳ ﰲ ﺎﻓﻮﻟﺄﻣ ﺍﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ
ﺝﺭﺪﻨﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﰲ
ﺔﻳﲑﻫﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺃ
ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍﻭ )
ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ (،
ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﱴﺣﻭ
ﳌﺍ
ِﻟﺎﻄ
ِﺔﺒ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﲑﻴﻐﺘﺑ ﺃﻭ
ٍﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭ ﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﺫﺎﲣ
، ﻭﺃ ﻊﻘﻳ ﺎﲟ ﺪﻳﺪﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺍﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ
ﺁ ﺪﻠﺑ ﰲ ،ﻩﲑﻏﻭ ﻢﻠﻇ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺧ
ﻟ ﺝﻭﺮﳋﺍ ﻯﻮﺳ ﺔﻠﻴﺣ ﻢﳍ ﺖﺴﻴﻟﻭ ﳍﺍﻭ ﺔـﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻉﺭﺍﻮﺸﻠ
ﻑﺎـﺘ
ﺎﻌﺸﺑ ﺕﺍﺭ ﻊﻓﺭﻭ ﺕﺎﺘﻓﻻ . ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺎﻔﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺍﲑﺜﻛﻭ ﻭﺗ
ﺮﻋﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺞﻴﻬﺘ ﺸﺗﻭ
ﻦﻳﺮﻫﺎـﻈﺘﳌﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺪﺘ
ﻭ ﲢ ﺙﺪ ﺃ ﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﻄﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺐﻌﺼﻳ ﺭﻮﻣ ﺎ
ﻻ ﺎﻣ ﻞﺼﳛﻭ ﲢ
ﺪﻤ ﻩﺎﺒﻘﻋ
؛ ﺔﻃﺮـﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻡﺩﺎﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
٢
ﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﶈﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﺣ ﻭ
ﺃ ﻈﺘﹸﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﻼﻋ ﺿ ﺓﺮﻫﺎ
ﺎﻫﺪ ﺕﺎﻴـﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺻﻭ
ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﳊﺎﺑ ﻖﺷﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴ .
ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲ ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺎﻣﻭ ﻷﺍ
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺣ ﻡﺎـﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺷ
،
ﻭ ﺱﺭﺍﺪﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﻄﻌﺗﻭ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺣ
،ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﶈﺍ ﺃ
ﲔـﺑ ﺔﻴـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻣ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﻭ
،ﲔﻴﺳﺎﻣﻮﻠﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﲔﻠﺜﻤﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﺠﳍﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻷﺍﻭ
ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ
، ﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺎﺑ ﻝﻼﺧﻹﺍﻭ ﻡﺎ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻹﺍﻭ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺎﳑ
ﺔـﻤﻘﻟ ﺐﺴﻜﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻮﳉﺍ ﲔﻣﺄﺗﻭ ﲔﻨﻃﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣﺃﻭ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺎﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﻬﻌﻓﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﲟﺭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﺗ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻬﺸﻴﻋ ﻨﻣ
ﻪ ﻴﻋﺮﺷ ﺎ.
ﺎﻣﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﺃ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﺔﻔﻴ ﺃ ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﺮـﺋﺍﺩ ﺔﻛﺮﺣ ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻭ
ﻣ ﻣ ﻚﻠﺴ ﲔﻌ
ﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺤﻛ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﻚ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻄﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﺋﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎـﻤﻛ ،
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺙﺪﳛ ﺍ ﲑﻏ ﻦﻣ ،
ﹸﳌﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﺇ ﲔﺑﺮﻀ
ﺪﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﱃ ﹸﳌﺍﺘ
ﹶﻔ
ِﻖ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﲔﺑﻭ ﻢﻬﻨﻴﺑ
ﺃ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ِﺭﻮﻣﺄﳌﺍ ﺪﻘﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﳜ ﺎﳑ ،ﻢﳍﺎﻤﻋ
ُﺀﺎﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﹰﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ،ﺎ
ٍﻢﻠﻇ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻗﻼﻳ ﺎﳌ ﺃ
ﰲ ﻒﺴﻌﺗ ﻭ
ﻢﻬﻗﻮﻘﺣ
ِﻗ ﻦﻣ
ﺒ ﺪﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻞ ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﳋﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺀﺍﺭ
.
ﹸﻞﺜﻣﻭ ﺮﻣ ﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ
،
ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﺏﺍﺮـﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ
، ﻙﺎـﺇﻭ
ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺪﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ
، ﻦﻣ ﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﺎﺿﺮ
، ﺎـﻣﻭ ،ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺍ ﲔﺴﺤﺘﺑ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻞﻛﺎﺷ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺍ
ٍﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋ ﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻭﺰﻋ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻪﻧ
ﻙﺮﺗﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟ
، ﹰﺍﲑﺒﻌﺗ ﻡﺪـﻋ ﻦـﻋ
ﻦﻋ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻢـﻫﲑﻐﻟ ﻝﺎـﺍ ﺡﺎﺴﻓﺇ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻪﺗﺍﺫ ﻥﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺙﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﲑﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺐﺗﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ
، ﻒﻗﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻭﺃ
، ﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺐﺴﺑ ﺓﺮﻏﺎﺸ
ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ،
ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﻴﻓ
ﺒـﺴﺑ ﻥﺎـﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺾـﻌﺑ ﰲ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﻤﻠﻟ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻊﻣ ﺪﻘﻌﻟﺎﺑ ٍﻝﻼﺧﺇﻭ ٍﺭﺍﺮﺿﺇ ﺐ
ﺓﻮـﻘﻟﺍ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺍﻮﻤﺼﺘﻋﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺣﺍﺯﻹ ﺔﻃﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ .
ﻓﺍﺪﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻊ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
، ﺃ ﺎﻤﳉ ﺓﺭﺯﺍﺆﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﻭ ﻭﺃ ،ﻢﺮﺼﻧﻭ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻋ
ﲑﺒﻌﺗ ﻢﻬﻳﺃﺭ ﻦﻋ ﺍ
ﺄﺴﻣ ﰲ ﺮـﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺮـﻬﻇ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺬﻬﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻮﺸﻴﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺺﳜ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻟ
ﰲ ﺍﺫﻼﻣ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃﻭ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺪﺑ ﻼﻓ ﻪﻠﻛ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﺟﻹ ،ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﺕﻻﺎﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻛ
ﻦﻣ
ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻚﻟﺫ
ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺃ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ .
٣
ﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻚﺷﻻ ﻄﻋﺃ ﺔﺤﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳ
ﺖ ﻭ ﺃ ﺯﺎﺟ ﺕ ﻱﺃﺮـﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ
ﻖﺣﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺪﺑﺇ ﺽﺍﺮﺘﻋﻹﺍ
ﻭ ، ﺃ ﺍﺩﻭﺪﺣﻭ ﺍﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻚﺷﻻ ﺎﻀﻳ ﺎﺑﺍﺩﺁﻭ
ﺔﻣﻮﺳﺮﻣ )
ﻦﻣ
،ﻩﲑﺴﺗﻭ ﻪﻤﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﺿ ﺔﻴﻌ (
،ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻢﻈﻨﺗ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ
ٍﻢﻠﻇ ﻊﻓﺭ
ﻕﺎﻘﺣﺇ ﻭﺍ ،
ٍﻖﺣ ﺃ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻭ ﺍ
ٍﻑﻭﺮﻌﲟ ﺃ
ﻴﻭ ﺎ
ٍﺮﻜﻨﻣ ﻦﻋ .
ﻠﻋﻭ ﺃ ﻰ ﺳ ﺱﺎ ﺍ ،ﲔﺠﺘـﶈﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﺭ ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗﻭ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧ ﱄﺎـﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ
ﻵﺍ ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﺗ ﺀﺍﺭ
ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﺼﺧﺭ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺯﺍﻮﺟ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ
ﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ
ﻺﻟ ﺓﺩﺪﶈﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺏﺍﺮﺘﻗ
ﺃ ﻦـﻣ ﻚـﻟﺫ ﲑﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻣﺃ ﻊﻤﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ...
ﺪﻗﻭ ﻌﻗﻭ ﺖ ﻯﻭﺎﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﺖﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺧ ﻼﻌﻓ ﻚـﻠﺗ ﻞـﺜﻣ ﻝﻮـﺣ
ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ .
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
:
ﻊﺳﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﳎ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻠﻟ
ﺃ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇﻭ ﻱ
، ﻭ ﺪﻗ ﺏﺎﺒـﺳﻷ ﻚـﻟﺫ ﺙﺪﳛﻭ ﺙﺪﺣ
ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ﰲﻭ ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻭ
، ﻭ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻟﺍ ﰲ
،ﲑﻴﻐﺘ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧﻭ ـﻓ
ﺈ ﻥ
ﻢﻬﺒﺻﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺍﻮﳛﺯﹸﺃ ﺎﻣﺎﻜﺣ
، ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳﻭ ﺖﻟﺪﺒﺗ
ﺃ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋﻭ ،ﺖﻟﻮﲢ ٍﻝﻭﺩ ﲔﺑ
ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﻩﺪﳒ ﺎﻣ
ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﲰ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺪﻟﺎﺑ
ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺭﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﺧ ﺍﺬـﻫ ﰲ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ
، ﱃﺍ ﻞﺼﻧ ﻲﻜﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﲢ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﱃﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﲢ ﻲﻋﺮﺷ ﻢﻜﺣ
ﳌ ﺕﻻﺎﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜ .
ﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻯﺪﻣﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺗﺮﺘ
. ﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﻟ ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﹸﻜﻠ
ﺏﺎـﺘ
ﺚﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﲔﺘﻔﳌﺍﻭ
، ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ ﻢﳍﺍﻮﻗﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺢﺟﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻟ
ﺔﻣﻻﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻣﻭ ﻟ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻴﺳ ﺎﻤﻛ ،
ﻂﻠﺨﻠ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـﻴﲨ ﲔـﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎـﻈﳌﺍ ﻉﺍﻮـﻧﺃ ﻊ
ﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ
ﻦﻳﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﺼﻔﺗ ﻭﺃ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻊـﻴﲨ ﻥﺄـﻛ
ﻮﻧﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﳊﺍ ﻉﺍ
ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻟﻭ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻬﺜﺤﺒﻨﺳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ
ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﷲﺍ ﺀﺎﺷ ﻥﺇ .
٤
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ :
ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺃ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﳚ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻬﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍ
ﺎﻣ ﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺎﻬ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺎـﺑ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺮ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﻖﻳ ﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍﻭ
ﺓﺮﺻﺎ ﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺸﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ﺭﺎﻃ
ﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﺗ ﻴﻓ ﰐﺄﻳ ﺎﻤ :
١ . ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺍﺮﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻫ ﻣ ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺼﺑ
ﺪـﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮـﺿ ﰲ ﺔﻋﻭﺮﺸ
؟ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ٢ . ﺍ ﻢﻜﺣ ﺎﻣ ﻌﺘﻟ
؟ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺣﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒ
٣ . ﻞﻫ ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍ
؟ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ ﺰﺋﺎﺟ
٤ . ﻞﻫ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ
ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻋﻭ
ﺰﺋﺎﺟ ﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟ
؟
٥ . ﻖـﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻞﻫﻭ ؟ﺎﻫﺯﺍﻮﺟ ﻝﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺷ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺣﻼﻟ ﻞﻫ
؟ﲔﺠﺘﶈﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﻔﺑ
ﺎﻫﲑﻏﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﱵـﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎـﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﰲ
ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﰲ
) ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ (
ﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﲑﻴﻐﺘﻠﻟ ﺕﺎـﻓﻼﺧ ﺕﺭﺎﺛﺃ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻤ
ﻭ ﻨﻳﺎﺒﺗ ﺎ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻳﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ
.
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ :
١ . ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺍﺮﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺷ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺼﺑ
ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ
ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ .
٢ . ﰲ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺣﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﺄﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ
ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ .
٣ . ﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻯﺪﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻ
ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ .
٤ . ﺑ ﻢﻜﺣ ﻥﺎﻴ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ
.
٥ . ﲔﺠﺘﶈﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳﻭ ،ﲔﺠﺘﶈﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ .
٥
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ :
ﻲﻤﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﲑﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺜﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ) ﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﺼﺘ
( ﻦﻣ ،ﻝﻮﻟﺪـﳌﺍﻭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻢـﻜﳊﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻞـﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻌﻳﺮـﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﱪـﺘﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺮـﺷ ﺪـﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺃ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ٍﻖﺣ ﻞﻴﺼﲢ ﻦﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻣ
ﺘﻐ
ﺼ
ٍﺐ ِﻣ ﰲ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌ ﺓﺭﺯﺍﺆﻣﻭ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭﺃ
ﺤ
ِﻨِﻬ
ﻢ ﻢﻬﻓﺎﻌﻀﺘﺳﺍﻭ
ِﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺪﺘﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻬﺟ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ِﺾﻌﺑ
ﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺿ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻖﻓﺮ ﺩﺮـﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺎـﺑ ﺓﺭ
ﻻﺍﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳ
ﻯﻭﺎﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣﻭ ،ﺪﻠﺒﻠﻟ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻝﻮـﺣ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍﻭ
ﻚﻟﺫ . ﰲ ﻥﻮﺜﺣﺎـﺒﻟﺍ ﻪـﻴﻟﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺧﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰐﺄﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﺎﻫﺮﻛﺫ .
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ :
ﲝ ﰲ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺜ
ﺞﻫﺎﻨ ﺔﻴﺗﻵﺍ :
ﰒ ،ﻡﺎـﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ٍﻞﻛ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ − ﻊﻣ ﺮﻛﺬﻳﻭ ،ﺎﻌﻧﺎﻣﻭ ﺎﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺚﻴﲝ ﻪﺤﺟﺮﻳﻭ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻳ ٍﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻟﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺮﺘﳏ ﻚﻟﺫ .
ﻊـﺿﻮﺑ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻭﺃ
ﹸﳌﺍ ِﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ٍﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷ ٍﻞﻣﺎﺷ ٍﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺎـﻤﻛ ،ٍﺪﺣﺍﻭ ٍﺲﻨﺟ ﺖﲢ ِﺔﺟﺭﺪﻨ
ﻡﺎـﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦـﻋ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﺚﻴﲝ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﹸﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﹰﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ .
ﺏﺍﺮـﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎـﻈﳌﺍ ﻦـﻣ ٍﻞـﻛ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ − ﺐـﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦـﻣ ﺔﻴﻠـﺻﻷﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻦﻜﻣﺃ ﺎﻣ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺸﻨﳌﺍ ﺙﺎﲝﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﻮﺒﻄﳌﺍ ﺔـﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻷﺍ ِﻊـﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ِﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺎﺑﻭ ،ﺎﻬِﺘﱠﻠِﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻮ
ﺔـﻤﺘﻬﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺘﻓﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻃﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻦﻳﺯﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﻝﺯﺍﻮﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﺿﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻛ ٍﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ٍﻢِﻟﺎﻋ ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻃﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻭ
.
٦
ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰒ :
١ . ﺱﻮـﻤﻠﳌﺍ ﻊـﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻬﻤﺋﻼﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻯﺪﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎـﻈﳌﺍ ﺮـﺛﺇ ﺖﻠـﺼﺣ ﱵـﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﻴـﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﺱﻮﺴﶈﺍﻭ ﱀﺎﺼﳌ ﺎﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﻯﺪﳌ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﺏﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻖﺣﻭ ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﰲ ﻉﺭﺎ
.
ﺪـﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮـﺿ ﰲ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﺻﺎﺧ ﺎﺜﺤﺒﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺺﺼﳜ ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ ﻦـﻣ ﻱﺃﺮـﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺣﻭ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺯﺍﻮﺟ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟ ﺲﺳﺆﻳ ﻲﻜﻟ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻤﻜﺣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺘﻟ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻣﺮﺣ .
٢ . ﺘﺴﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻵﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﻢﻬﺋﺍﺭﺁ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺪﻨ
،ﻢـﻜﳊﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﻻﺩ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻯﺪﻣﻭ ﺎﻫﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺎ ﻝﺪﺘﺴﻳ ﻚـﻠﺗ ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﻗﺃﻭ ،ﺓﺪﻤﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﲑﺳﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻛ ﱃﺇ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﻵﺍ .
ﺎـﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﻢﻬﻳﻭﺎﺘﻓ ﰲ ﻥﻭﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺚﻳﺩﺎﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻀﻳﺃﻭ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟ
ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﰒ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺤﺻ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺚﻳﺩﺎﺣﻷﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳﻭ ،ﻢﻬﻳﻭﺎﺘﻓ ﻥﻭﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺝﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻻﻻﺩ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺡﺎﺤـﺼﻟﺍ ﻦـﻣ ﺚـﻳﺩﺎﺣﻷﺍ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﻤﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﻲﺷﺍﻮﳊﺍﻭ ﺡﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﺮﺷ ﻱﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﺘﻓ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ،ﻦﻨﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﻻﺪﺘـﺳﻻﺍ ﻉﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺎـﻤﻛ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺨﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﺡ
ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﱘﺮﲢ ﰲ ٍﺔﻋﺪﺑ ﻞﻛ ﺩﺭ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺎﺑ .
ﻭﺃ ﺯﺍﻮﳉﺎـﺑ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻔﻨﺼﻣ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻮﻫ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ ﰲ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣﻭ ٍﻱﺃﺭ ﱢﻞﻛ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﲟ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﰒ ،ﺎﻤﹼﻗﺮﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻛﺬﻳ ﹰﻼﺜﻣ ﲔﻣﺮﶈﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺃ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﰐﺄﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﰒ ،ﺔﻣﺮﳊﺍ
ﱢﻞﻛ ﰲ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻪﺑ ﱠﻝﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﹶﻞﻴِﻟﺪﻟﺍ ﹸﻞﱢﻠﺤﻳﻭ ،ٍﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﺺﹸﻠﺨﻳ ٍﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﱃﺇ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻳ ﹾﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ،ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ،ﺎﻫﲑﻐﻟ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﺽﺮـﻋ ﻦـﻣ ﻲﻬـﺘﻨﻳ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺍﺬﻜﻫﻭ ،ِﻪِﻣﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ِﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍ ﺍﺬ ﺎِﳊﺎﺻ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﻮﻛ ﲔﻣﺮﶈﺍ .
٧
ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺔـﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻨـﺑ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﲔﻔﻟﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﻛﺫ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻳ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰒ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﳌ ﻪﺘﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﻮﻗ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻳ .
ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﺃ ٍﺲﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﻟ ﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﻷﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺶﻗﺎﻨﻳ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺃ ﺢﻴﺟﺮﺘﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﰒ ،ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺎ ﻝﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﻷﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺪﺣ
،ﺭﺍﺮـﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﺮﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻊﻤﳚ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺭﺮﻘﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍﻭ .
٣ . ﻞﻤﺸﻳﻭ ،ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ :
ﺁ ٍﻱﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ٍﻱﺃﺭ ﺢﻴﺟﺮﺘﻟ ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ − ،ﺀﺎـﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﺘﺴﻳ ﱂ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ٍﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ ﺮﺧ
ﺩﺮـﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻵﺍ ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﻗﺃﻭ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺎ ﻝﺪﺘﺴﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺮﻴِﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺚﻳﺩﺎﺣﻷﺍ ﺡﺮﺷ ﰲ ﻢﳍﺍﻮﻗﺃ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﺕﻻﻻﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﰲ ﻢﺋﺎﻨﻐﻟﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺔﺼﻗ ﰲ ﺩﺭﻭ ﺎﲟ ﹰﻻﻻﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﺯﺍﻮﺟ ﺢﻴﺟﺮﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ .
ﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ − ﲔﺠﺘـﶈﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺮـﺼﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮـﺸﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍ ﻁﺎ ﰲ ﺙﺪـﳛ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻫﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺚـﻳﺩﺎﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎـﻳﻵﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻄﺑﺭﻭ ،ﺍﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﻣﻮﻳ ﺔﻔﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ .
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ :
ﰲ ﹸﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺮﺜﻌﻳ ﱂ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻌﺑ ﻲﳝﺩﺎﻛﺃ ﺚﲝ ﻯﺪـﻣ )
ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮـﺸﻣ
ﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﻭ ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ
.(
ﻦﻜﻟﻭ
ﺟﻭ
ﺪ:
ﺜﲝ ﺎ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ )
ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ
١(
، ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ
ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺷ ﰲ ﺚﲝﻭ .
ﻒـﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻪـﺜﲝ ﰲ ﻝﻭﺎـﻨﺘﻓ
ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣﻭ ﲎﻌﳌ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﳌ ﻝﺪﺘﺴﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻭﺎﺣﻭ ، ﺽﺮـﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ
ﱃﺇ
ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺔﻟﺩﺄﺑ ﻢﻬﻳﺃﺮﻟ ﻥﻮﻟﺪﺘﺴﻳﻭ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺮﲝ ﻥﻮﻟﻮﻘﻳ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﲔﻔﻟﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺃ .
ﺚـﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺟﻭ
ﲔﺴﺣ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ﺲﻧﺃ١
ﺎﻄﻋ ﻮﺑﺃ ﺪﻠﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﺗﺆﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻠﳎ ، ١٨
ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ ، ٧ ، ٢٠٠٣ .
٨
ﻟﺎﻄﲟ ﺔﻌﺴﺗ ﺐ ﺣ ،
ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺟ ﺚﻴ ،ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻛ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌﺍ
ﻝﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﺑ )
ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ (
ﺮـﻬﳉﺍ ﺀﺪـﺑ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻜﻣ ﻉﺭﺍﻮﺷﻭ ﺔﺒﻌﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﻓﺍﻮﻃﻭ
ﻝﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻢﳍﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺭﻮﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﳌﺍ ﻞﻫﺃ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺗﻭ ،ﺓﻮﻋﺪﻟﺎﺑ )
ﻢﻠـﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ (
ﺪـﻨﻋ
ﺍﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﳌﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﺻﻭ ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻜﻣ .
ﲝ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﺜﺎﻨ
ﻊﻣ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﻻﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺎـﻬﻇﺇ ﲔـﺑ ﻪﻘﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ،ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳ
ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺎﻌﺸﻟﺍ
، ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﻪﻓﺮﻋ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﲔﺑﻭ ﺎﺍﺬﻟ ﺓﺩﻮﺼﻘﻣ ﻲﻫ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ " :
ﲏﻠﻋ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ
ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﺐﻠﻄﻟ ﻢﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﲔﻧﻭﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤ
"
ﺎﻨﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳜﻭ ،٢
ﺍﺬﻫ ﻪﺜﲝ ﻦﻋ
، ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ
ﺮﻛﺫ ﻩ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﻡﺮﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣﻭ
.
ﻭ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ٍﺀﺰﲜ
: ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ) ﺮﻫﺎـﻈﳌﺍ
ﺕ : ﺔـﺳﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻓ
٣( ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ
، ﺔﻟﺩﺃ ﺩﺮﺳﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺪﺗ ﺎﻫﺍﺮﻳ
ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ
ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ .
ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﺮﻛﺫﻭ ﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﺘﺿﺭﺎﻌﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ،ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺚﻴ
ﲔﻤﻠـﺴﳌﺍ ﲔـﺑ ﺔﻗﺮﻔﺗﻭ ﺔﻨﺘﻓ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﻭﺃ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﺎﹼﻟﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﹶﻘﺘﻌﹸﳌﺍ ﺓﺮﺼﻧﻭ .
ﻡﺪـﻋﻭ
ﺎﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺐﻧﺎﺟﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﺟﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻁﻼﺘﺧﻹﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻕﻼﺧﻸﻟ ﺎﻬﺘﺿﺭﺎﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻈﻔﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻕﻼﺧﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﻧ ﺔﻳﻮﻨﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺲﻔﻨﻠﻟ ﻯﺫﺄﺑ ﺭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ،
ﻭﺃ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻞﺘﻗ ،ﺔـﻳﺫﺆﻣ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺡﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﲪ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﻻ ﻥﺃﻭ
ﺕﺎـﻣﺮﺣ ﻚﻬـﺘﻨﻳﻻ ﻥﺃﻭ
ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻠﺘﻤﳌﺍ
، ﺢﺿﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻯﺫﻷﺍﻭ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﺮﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﺞﻋﺰﳌﺍ ﺞﻴﺠﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﻻ ﻥﺃﻭ
ﲔﻤﻠﺴﻤﻠﻟ .
ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻋﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﳊﺎﺼﻣﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﻁﺮﺘﺷﺍﻭ ﻥﻮـﻜﺗ ﺎﹼﻟﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻟﺍ
ﺀﻼﻴﳋﺍﻭ ﺮﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﺪﺑ .
ﻻﻭ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺩ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻰﻔﳜ ﱵـﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍﻭ ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﺘﲢ
، ﺕﻻﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺐﺗﺮﺘﻳ ﺎﳌ .
ﺚـﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﻟﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻣﻭ
ﺾﻌﺒـﻟ ﻪﻃﺍﺮﺘـﺷﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﺔﻈﻔﻟ ﻝﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺝﺮﺧ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻰﻔﳜ ﻻ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ .
ﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﻹﺍ ﻊﻘﻳ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻦـﻣ ﺓﺮﻫﺎـﻈﳌﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌ ﻪﻟﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﰲ ﺚﺣ
٢
ﻮﺑﺃ ﺎﻄﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ، ﺹ ،
٣٧٨ .
-٣
ﲔﺴﺣ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ﺲﻧﺃ ﺎﻄﻋ ﻮﺑﺃ
ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻠﻟ ﻖﺸﻣﺩ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻠﳎ ، ٤٥٥
- ٤٩٠ ﺪﻠﺍ ، ٢١ -
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ -
٢٠٠٥ .
٩
ﺚﻴﺣ ﺎﻮﻛ ﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﻓﺍﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﺳ ﺔﻛﺮﺣ ﲑ
ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻣﺄﻛ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﻭﺃ ،ٍﺮﻜﻨﻣ
ﺎﻣ
، ﺪﺣ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻬﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻻ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ ﰲ ﺙ
ﺭﺎﻜﻨﺘﺳ
ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺍﲑﺗﺎﻜﻳﺭﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﺳﺭ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﻗﺎﻣ .
ﺪﺟﻭﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﳌﺍ ﻢﻜﺣ)
ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈ
٤. ( ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ
ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎـﻈﳌﺍ
ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌ ﻥﻮﻨﻋﻭ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣﻭ ﻝﻮﺼﻓ ﱃﺇ ﻢﺴﻘﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ :
ﻝﺯﺍﻮـﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ
ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻟﺯﺎﻨﻟﺍ .
ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﺾﻌﺑﻭ ،ﺔﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻲﻋﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ
،ﻑﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻋﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻟﺍ ،ﻲـﻋﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎـﺴﻓ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﺐﺟﺍﻭﻭ
ﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﻞﻳﱰﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻤﺋﻷﺍ ﺮﻈﻧﻭ ﻞﺗﺎﻘﻳﻭ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﺮﳜ ﱴﻣﻭ ،ﻊﺋ
ﺍﻮﻧﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻤﻔﻴﻛﻭ ،
،ﱳﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺰﻧﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﻹﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻌﻔﻳ ﺍﺫﺎﻣ ،ﺔﻗﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻧﺎﳎﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﻡﻭﺰﻟﻭ ،ﻢﻜﻴﻠﻋ ﹼﻝﻮﻳ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺘﻓﻹﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲔﺨﺳﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻝﺯﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ
ﺔﻔﺋﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ، ﺓﻻﻮـﻟﺍ ﺢـﺼﻧ ﰲ ﺓﺭﻮـﺼﻨﳌﺍ
،ﺓﻻﻮﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ ،ﺔﻤﺋﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ
ﲔﺑ ﻕﺮﻔﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻐﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﺃﻭ ﺝﺭﺍﻮﳋﺍ ﻞﻤﻋ ﲔﺑ
،ﻲﻐﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﺃﻭ ﺝﺭﺍﻮﳋﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﲔﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ
ﺁ ،ﺏﺎﺴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿﻭ ﺐﺴﺘﶈﺍ ﺏﺍﺩ
ﺾـﻌﺑﻭ
ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﻹﺍ ﺔﻬﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻋﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﰲ
ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ ﱯﻨﻟﺍ ﺚﻳﺪﲝ ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ
ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ) ﺮﺋﺎﺟ ﻡﺎﻣﻹ ﻝﺎﻘﺗ ٍﻖﺣ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﺩﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﻞﻀﻓﺃ
٥( .
ﺎﻨﻫ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﻪﻠﺧﺩ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ
، ﺔـﻳﻭﺍﺰﻟﺍﻭ
ﻯﺃﺭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ،
ﻪﻳﺃﺮﺑ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺪﺗ
ـﻣﺮﺣ ﺔ ﻩﺮـﺼﺣ ﰲﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎـﻈﳌﺍ
ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻢﻜﳊﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﻭﺮﳋﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﻂـﻘﻓ ﺔـﻳﻭﺍﺰﻟﺍ
، ﻥﻭﺩ
ﱃﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺘﻟﻹﺍ ﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺑﺄﺑ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﳌﺍ
ﻱﺃﺮـﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻨﺘﺳ
، ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎـﻈﳌﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ
ﻭ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺎﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﲞ
ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺻﺎ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺝﺮﲣ
ﺕﺎـﻬﳉﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟﺎﺑ
ﻴﻨﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺒﺴﻣ ﻥﺫﺈﺑﻭ ﺔﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﻷﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻛ ﰲ ﺔ
ﺖﺴﻴﻟ
ﺎﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻲﻐﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﺃﻭ ﺝﺭﺍﻮﳋﺍ ﻥﺄﺸﻟ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
، ﱠﻥﺄﻛﻭ ﹶﺔﻣﻷﺍ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺫﺇ
ﺒﻋ
ﺮ
ﺕ ﻦـﻋ
ٍﻱﺃﺭ
ﺗﺘﻌ
ﺒ ﻲﻐﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﺃﻭ ﺝﺭﺍﻮﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ
!
ﲪﺃ٤
ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻦﺑ ﺪ
ﺍ
،ﺏﻮﻳﺃ ﻦﺑ ﻡﻮﻴﻔﻟﺍ ،ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
- ﺔﻌﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ،ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻣ .
٥
ﻪﺟﺎﻣ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻩﺍﻭﺭ )
(٤٠١٢ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻼﻘﻧ .
١٠
ﺪﺟﻭﻭ ﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﹰﺍ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ )
ﰲ ﻩﺮـﺛﺃﻭ
ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ
٦( ﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ، ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻉﻮ
" : ﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻱﺬـﻟﺍ
ﺼﺑ ﻦﳓ ﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻻﺇ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺩﺪ
ﻂﺑﺮـﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﺘﻋ
ﻭﺃ ﺓﺮﺧﺄﺘﻣ ﺐﺗﺍﻭﺭ ﻊﻓﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻮﺟﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺰﺑ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺭ ﲔﺑﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﲑﻏ ...
"،
ﺩﺮﺳ ﲔﺣ ﺍﺩﺍﺮﻄﺘﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﱃﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺗ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺯﺍﻮـﺟ ﻁﻭﺮﺷ
ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ،ﰐﺄﻴﺳ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﻥﻮـﻛ ﻡﻭﺰـﻟ ﻡﺪـﻋ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ
ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻄﺑ ﺍﺭﻮﺼﳏ
ﺗﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﺪﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﺪـﺣ ﺎـﻣ ﺍﲑﺜﻛﻭ ﺎﲟﺭ ﻞﺑ ﺭﻮﺟﻷﺍﻭ ﺐ
ﻥﺃ
ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ِﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻥﺎﻛ
ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﺎﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﰲ ﻦـﻣ ﲔﻋﻮـﻨﻟﺍ ﲔـﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻈﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ ،
ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍﻭ
ﻚﻟﺫ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸ .
ﺪﺟﻭﻭ ﻛ ﺏﺎﺘ ﻢﻜﺣ ) ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ
٧( ﺪـﻬﻣ ﺚﻴﺣ ،
ﺎﺜﺤﺒﻣ ﺮﺸﻋ ﺔﺛﻼﺜﺑ ﻪﺜﺤﺒﻟ
، ﻕﺮﻄﺗ ﺚـﻴﺣ ،ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﻟﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ
ﱃﺇ ﻪﻤﺴﻗ ﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﺏ ﻝﻭﺎـﻨﺗﻭ ،ﻥﻮﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲ ﺙﺪﳛ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ
ﺕﻻﺎﳎﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻛﺭﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺮﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﻷ ﻪﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻊﻣ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ
ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ،
ﻢﻜﺣ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺧﺩ ﰒ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﻡﺎـﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻝﻭﺎـﺣﻭ
ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻓ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﳚﺮﲣ :
ﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻡﻮﺼ
ﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺱﺎﻤﻐﻧ ﺔﺣﺎﺳ ﰲ
ﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻛﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﲑﻏﻭ ﺭﺎﺤﺘﻧ
، ﺞﻳﺮﲣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﻳﻻ ﺎﳑ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ
ﻞﺼﻓ ﰲ ﰐﺄﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻱﺃ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﷲﺍ ﺀﺎﺷ ﻥﺇ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ .
ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ
ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﹲﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ
، ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺫﺇ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺀﻲﺷ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺤﺘﺴﳌﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ
، ﻟ ﺓﺩﻮﺼﻘﻣ ﺔﻳﺪﺒﻌﺗ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﳚﺮﲣ ﻰﺗﺄﺘﻳ ﻼﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﺎـﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻐﻟ ﻭﺃ ﺎﺍﺬ
ﻹﺎﻛ ﺓﺰﻋﻭ ﺓﻮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻧ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺱﺎﻤﻐﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﺎﺠﺷﻭ
ﻩﺎـﻐﺘﺒﻣ
ﺖﺳﺎﻛ ﻡﻼﺳﺇ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ٦
:
http://www.islamselect.com/mat/٨١٨٤٢
-٧
ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺒﻄﻣ ﻦﻣ ،ﷲﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﻦﺑ ﷲﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ،ﻒﻴﺳ ﻝﺁ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺩﻮﻌﺳ ﻦﺑ
ﻁ ،ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﳌﺍ ،ﺽﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ١
، ١٤٢٧ ـﻫ - ٢٠٠٦ ﻡ .
١١
ﻭ ،ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻀﻴﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﳊﺍﻭ ﻩﺮﺋﺎﻌﺷﻭ ﷲﺍ ﻦﻳﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﻊﺑﺎﻧ ﺎـﻧ
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻠﻴﺣ ﺔﻠﻗﻭ ﻒﻌﺿ ﺎـﳑﻭ ،ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﺫﺈﺑ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻴﺳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻏﻭ
ﻪﻧﺃ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻆﺣﻼﻳ ﻝﺎﻃﺃ
ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ
ﺞﻳﺮـﲣ ﻝﻭﺎـﺣ
،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻢﻜﺣ ﻝﻭﺎﺣ ﺚﻴﺣ
ﺤﺘﻳ ﻻ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻞﻤ
ﻢـﻜﺣ
ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ .
ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﺟﻭﻭ ﺜﲝ
ﹰﺎ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ )
٨ (
ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻊﻣ ﺯﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺸﻗﺎﻧﻭ ﲔﻌﻧﺎﳌﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺰﻴﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ
ﱢﻘﻴﺗ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻋﺮﺷ ﺓﺭﻮﻈﳏ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻉﻮـﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﻦ
ﺭﻮـﻈﶈﺍ ﰲ
، ﱃﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻭﺃ
ﺭﻮﻈﳏ . ﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﺗﺃ ﰒ ﺘﻋﻻ
؛ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﳝ ﱂﻭ ﻕﺮﻔﻳ ﱂﻭ ﻡﺎﺼ ﺔـﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦـﻣ
ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ
، ﻲﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻻﻭ ﻞﺑ ،
ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﻢﻜﺣ ﺎﳘﺎﻄﻋﺃﻭ .
ﻊﻴﲨ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻖﻤﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺘﻛ ﺎﻤﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﲝ ﻒﻠﺘﳜﻭ
ﺍﺮـﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎـﻈﳌﺎﺑ ﻖـﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﺰﻴﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻮﻌﻧﺎﳌﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﺘﺴﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﻷﺍ ﺏ
ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ
، ﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻜ
ﻡﺎ
، ﺎﻤﻬـﻨﻣ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺪﻘﻌﻧ ﺚﻴﺣ
ﻼﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻼﺼﻓ .
ﻭ ﻭ ﺪﺟ ﺜﲝ ﹰﺎ ﻌﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨ ﺎﻫﺪـﺳﺎﻔﻣﻭ ﺎﻬﳊﺎﺼﻣ ﻲﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻜﺣ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ) ﻝﺍﻮـﻗﺃﻭ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ
٩( ﺎﻴﺤﻄﺳ ﺍﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﺗﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ،
، ﲔـﺑ ﻕﺮﻔﻳ ﱂﻭ
ﻪﻋﺍﻮﻧﺃ . ﻟﺩﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺪﻨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺗ ﻻ ﺔ
ﺯﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻﻭ ﻊﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻ ﻼﻴﻟﺩ ﻡﻮﻘ .
ﺔـﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦـﻣ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﻊـﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺑﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﻋﻮﺟﺭ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻲﳝﺩﺎﻛﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻗﺮﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺬﺧﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍﻭ .
ﱃﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﺎﻨﺜﲝﻭ ﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ
ﱂ ﻱﺬـﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺎـﻀﻳﺃ ﻡﺎ
ﺗ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺸ .
ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﺧﺃ ،ﺪﲪﺃ ،ﻖﻟﺎﳋﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ٨
:
http://www.sharkiaonline.com/Upload/Library/mozahrat٢٠١٠.pdf
ﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺪﺠﺴﻣ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﺧﺃ ،ﻱﺮﳌﺍ ﻱﺪﻴﻌﳉﺍ ﰊﻼﻫ ﻦﺑ ﺮﺻﺎﻧ ﻦﺑ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻬﻓ ،ﱐﺎﻄﺤﻘﻟﺍ ٩
ﺔﻳﻮﺒ :
http://www.assunnamtl.org/doc/Dirrassette/March.pdf
١٢
ﺟﻭﻭ ﺪ ﹰﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﺇ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ)
ﹰﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﳌ ﺎﻘﻴﻘﲢﻭ ﺔﻨﺴﻠﻟ (
، ١٠
ﻥﺃ ﺔـﻬﺟ ﻦـﻣ ﻉﻮـﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺐـﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﱐﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻹﺍ ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺮﺸﻧ ﺔﻤﻠـﺴﳌﺍ ﺏﻮﻌـﺸﻠﻟ ﻭﺰﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺎﳍ ﺪﺑﻻ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ .
ﻭ ،ﻝﻮﻘﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﻝﻮﻘﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﳌ ﻝﺪﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﹰﻼﺻﺃ ﺎﻫﺮﻛﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺄﻳ ﱂﻭ ﲔﻌﻧﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺃ ﺶﻗﺎﻨﻳ ﱂ
.
ﻼﻀﻓ ،ﲔﻔﻟﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵ ﻪﻟﻮﴰ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻖﻤﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﺜﲝ ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﳜﻭ
ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ .
ﻭﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﻘ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻔﻗﻭ )
١١( ، ﺽﺮﻋ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﹰﺔﺻﻼﺧ
ﻞﻤ
ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺐﻫﺫ ﺎﻣ
ﻖﻳﺮﻓ ﻞﻛ ﻝﺍﻮﻗﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺪﺟﻭﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ
ﺔﻟﺩﻷﺍ ﺶﻗﺎﻧﻭ ،ﺔﻟﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻌﻳﺮـﺳ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ
ﱃﺇ ﺮـﺸﻳ ﱂﻭ ،
ﳌﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﲔﺑ ﻕﺮﻔﻳ ﱂﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺭﺁﻭ ﻱﻭﺎﺘﻓ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﻘﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺬﺧﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈ
.
ﻪـﺒﺘﻛ ﺎﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻕﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻳ ﱂﻭ
ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﷲﺍ ﺀﺎﺷ ﻥﺇ ﺎﻨﺜﲝ ﻪﻟﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴﺳ ﺎﻣﻭ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ .
ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﻘﻣ ﺍﺩﺁ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻠﻟ)
ﺔﻴﻋﺮـﺷ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿﻭ ﺏ
١٢ ( ﺐـﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎـﻨﺗ ، ﻻﻭﺃ
ﺮﻛﺫﻭ ،ﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻠﻟ ﲔﻫﺎﲡﺍ
: ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺖـﺴﻴﻟﻭ ﺓﺩﺎـﻋ ﺎﻮﻛ
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺎﺒﻋ :
ﻪﻠﺻﺃ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺎﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ .
ﰒ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺮـﺸﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟﺍ
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ
، ﻯﺪﻌﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﳌﺍ
ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ ﻊﺑﺭﺃ ﺎﻬﻤﺠﺣ ﰲ ﺎﳑ
ﻮﻐﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺪﻳ ﻞﻴـﺻﺎﻔﺗ ﰲ ﺹ
ﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﲢﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣﻭ ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳ .
ﻪﻨﻋ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺎﻨﺜﲝ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻮﻫ
ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗﻭ
ﳍﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴﺳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎ
ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﺜﲝ .
ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﻱﺮﲪﻷﺍ ١٠
. ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ :
http://www.islamway.com/?iw_s=Article&iw_a=view&article_id=٤٩٥٤.
ﻢﻌﻨﳌﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ،ﺕﺎﺤﺸﻟﺍ ١١
. ﻚﻟﻮﺗ ﺓﺮﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ :
http://aljazeeratalk.net/forum/showthread.php?t=١٩٦٢٨٥
ﺐﺟﺭ ،ﷲﺍﺪﺒﻋ١٢
. ﻦﻳﻻ ﻥﻭﺃ ﻥﺍﻮﺧﺇ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ :
http://www.ikhwanonline.com/print.asp?ArtID=١٢٤٤٤&SecID=٢٧٠
١٣
ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻢﻜﺣ ﰲ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﻻﺍ ﻒﺸﻛ)
١٣ ( ﰲ ﺐـﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎـﻨﺗ
ﻘﻣ ﻪﺘﻟﺎ ﺮﺼﺣ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻢﻜﺣ ﻩ
ﺑ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺎ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ
ﺓﺮﺋﺍﺪـﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﻹﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗﻭ
ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻪﻋﺮﺷ ﺎﲟ ﺍﺪﻬﺸﺘﺴﻣ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻝﻮﺣ .
ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺏﺍﺮﺿﻹﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﺑ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﲝ ﻒﻠﺘﳜﻭ ﲔﻌﻧﺎـﳌﺍ ﺔـﻟﺩﺃ ﺔـﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣﻭ ،
ﻪﻟﻭﺎﻨﺘﻟ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﻦﻳﺰﻴﺍﻭ ﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲ ،ﻡﺎﺼﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻤﻠﻟ
ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸ .
١٣
،ﻞﻴﻋﺎﲰﺇ ﺡﻭﺪﳑ
. ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ
:
http://www.islamway.com/?iw_s=Article&iw_a=view&article_id=٢٩٦٠
