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DETERMINANTS OF CONTINUANCE USAGE INTENTION OF E-WALLET AMONG POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS IN NORTHERN
MALAYSIA
SAJAMOON BOON CHOOI
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MANAGEMENT) UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
DECEMBER 2020 SA J A M O ON BOON C HO OI D ETE R M IN A N TS OF CO N TI N U A N C E US A GE I N T EN T IO N OF E -WA L LET A M ON G P OL Y TE C HN IC ST U D E N TS IN N O R THE R N M A L A Y SI A
MSc (Mgmt)
2020
DETERMINANTS OF CONTINUANCE USAGE INTENTION OF E-WALLET AMONG POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS IN NORTHERN
MALAYSIA
By
SAJAMOON BOON CHOOI
Thesis submitted to
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia,
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master of Science (Management)
PERAKUAN KERJA KERTAS PENYELIDIKAN (Certification of Research Paper)
Saya, mengaku bertandatangan, memperakukan bahawa (I, the undersigned, certified that)
SAJAMOON A/P BOON CHOOI (824408)
Calon untuk Ijazah Sarjana (Candidate for the degree of)
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MANAGEMENT)
telah mengemukakan kertas penyelidikan yang bertajuk (has presented his/her research paper of the following title)
DETERMINANTS OF CONTINUANCE USAGE INTENTION OF E-WALLET AMONG POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS IN NORTHERN MALAYSIA Seperti yang tercatat di muka surat tajuk dan kulit kertas penyelidikan (as it appears on the title page and front cover of the research paper)
Bahawa kertas penyelidikan tersebut boleh diterima dari segi bentuk serta kandungan dan meliputi bidang ilmu dengan memuaskan.
(that the research paper acceptable in the form and content and that a satisfactory knowledge of the field is covered by the research paper).
Nama Penyelia
(Name of Supervisor) : DR. NORZALILA BT. JAMALUDIN Tandatangan
(Signature) : ______________________
Nama Penyelia Kedua
(Name of 2nd Supervisor) : PROF.MADYA DR. AWANIS KU ISHAK
Tandatangan
(Signature) : ______________________
Tarikh
(Date) : 24 DISEMBER 2020
ii
PERMISSION TO USE
In presenting this research paper in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Post Graduate degree from the Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), I agree that the Library of this university may make it freely available for inspection.
I further agree that permission for copying this dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by my supervisors or in their absence, by the Dean of Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, I did my dissertation. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this dissertation parts of it for financial gain should not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the UUM in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in dissertation.
Request for permission to copy or to make other use of materials in this research paper in whole or in part should be addressed to:
Dean of Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia
06010 UUM Sintok Kedah Darul Aman
iii ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the factor influencing the continuance usage intention of e-wallet among Northern Polytechnics students in Malaysia. This study used the four elements of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT): Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions to determine the impact of continuance usage of e-wallet. Another two elements, Perceived Security and Promotional Benefits, were also added to identify the continuance usage intention of e- wallet among polytechnic students. Furthermore, this research is intended to examine the relationship and effect between continuance usage intention of e-wallet and factors influencing the usage of e-wallet. A total of 377 polytechnic students from four Northern Polytechnics in Malaysia have participated in this study. Data for all the variables were collected through the self-administered survey questionnaire. The multiple regression analysis was used to test the research hypothesis. The results of Multiple Regression analysis found that only two factors (performance expectancy and effort expectancy) significantly influence the continuance usage intention of e- wallet among polytechnic students in Northern Malaysia. Four factors (social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived security, and promotional benefits) have an insignificant effect on the continuance usage intention of e- wallet among polytechnic students. This study concludes with a discussion of the research findings, theoretical and practical contributions, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research.
Keyword: Continuance Usage Intention, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, Perceived Security, Promotional Benefits, Northern Polytechnic, E-Wallet.
iv ABSTRAK
Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi niat penggunaan berterusan terhadap dompet digital dalam kalangan pelajar politeknik di Utara Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan empat elemen daripada Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) iaitu Jangkaan Prestasi, Jangkaan Usaha, Pengaruh Sosial dan Keadaan Kemudahan. Dua lagi elemen tambahan adalah Keselamatan Yang Dirasakan dan Faedah Promosi juga ditambah bagi mengenal pasti niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital dalam kalangan pelajar politeknik. Tambahan pula, penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan dan pengaruh antara niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital dan faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan dompet digital. Seramai 377 orang pelajar politeknik daripada empat buat politeknik di Utara Malaysia telah mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Data bagi semua pembolehubah kajian telah dikumpul melalui soal selidik. Analisa regresi berganda telah digunakan bagi menguji hipotesis kajian. Hasil analisa regresi berganda mendapati bahawa hanya dua faktor (jangkaan prestasi dan jangkaan usaha) mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital dalam kalangan pelajar politeknik di Utara Malaysia. Empat faktor (pengaruh sosial, keadaan kemudahan, keselamatan yang dirasakan dan faedah promosi) tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital dalam kalangan pelajar politeknik. Kajian ini diakhiri dengan perbincangan mengenai penemuan penyelidikan, sumbangan teori dan praktikal, batasan kajian dan cadangan untuk kajian akan datang.
Kata Kunci: Niat Penggunaan Berterusan, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, Keselamatan Yang Dirasakan, Faedah Promosi, Politeknik Utara, Dompet Digital.
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, thanks and grateful to God, the Almighty and Merciful for giving me strength, motivation, and good health to complete this study. The deepest gratitude was expressed to my supportive supervisor, Dr. Norzalila Binti Jamaludin, and co-supervisor, Associated Professor Dr. Ku Awanis Ku Ishak for their guidance, encouragement, belief, and unconditional support through the dissertation process. My sincere appreciation also to the Department of Polytechnics and Community Colleges Management for their cooperation in providing the information.
I would like to extend my appreciation to my dearest parents, Mr. Boon Chooi a/l Endin Tatt and Mrs. Chiep a/p Endin Dam, for their support and understanding throughout the completion of my study at UUM. Without their support and encouragement, it is impossible for me to finish this study.
I would also like to thank all the respondents participating in the validation survey for this project paper. Without their cooperation and input, the validation survey was unsuccessfully conducted.
And lastly, special thanks to all every person who always supported and helped me directly or indirectly complete this research paper.
Thank you so much.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Permission to Use ii
Abstract iii
Abstrak iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vi
List of Table viii
List of Figures ix
List of Appendices x
List of Abbreviation xi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of Study 1
1.2 Problem Statement 6
1.3 Research Questions 10
1.4 Research Objectives 10
1.5 Scope of Study 10
1.6 Significance of Research 11
1.7 Key Definition of Terms 12
1.8 Organizational of the Study 14
1.9 Conclusion 15
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction 16
2.1 Concept of E-Wallet 16
2.2 Underpinning Theory 18
2.2.1 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) 18
2.3 Definition of Related Variable 21
2.3.1 Performance Expectancy 21
2.3.2 Effort Expectancy 22
2.3.3 Social Influence 22
2.3.4 Facilitating Conditions 23
2.3.5 Perceived Security 23
2.3.6 Promotional Benefits 24
2.4 Relationship between Related Variable and Hypothesis Development 24
2.4.1 The Relationship of Continuance Usage Intention 24
2.4.2 The Relationship of Performance Expectancy 25
2.4.3 The Relationship of Effort Expectancy 26
2.4.4 The Relationship of Social Influence 27
2.4.5 The Relation of Facilitating Conditions 29
2.4.6 The Relationship of Perceived Security 30
2.4.7 The Relationship of Promotional Benefits 31
2.5 Conclusion 32
vii CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 33
3.1 Proposed Research Framework 33
3.2 Research Hypothesis 34
3.3 Research Design 35
3.3.1 Types of Study 35
3.3.2 Research Population 36
3.3.3 Research Sample 37
3.3.4 Sampling Technique 38
3.4 Research Measurement/Instrument 39
3.5 Data Collection 44
3.6 Data Analysis Technique 45
3.7 Conclusion 45
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.0 Introduction 46
4.1 Response Rate 46
4.2 Respondent’s Demographic Profile 47
4.3 Reliability Analysis 50
4.4 Descriptive Statistics 50
4.5 Pearson Correlation Analysis 51
4.6 Multiple Regression Analysis 52
4.7 Hypothesis Testing 54
4.8 Conclusion 56
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION 5.0 Introduction 58
5.1 Research Process Overview 58
5.2 Discussion on Continuance Usage Intention of E-Wallet among Students 59
5.2.1 The relationship between Performance Expectancy and Continuance Usage Intention 60
5.2.2 The relationship between Effort Expectancy and Continuance Usage Intention 61
5.2.3 The relationship between Social Influence and Continuance Usage Intention 62
5.2.4 The relationship between Facilitating Conditions and Continuance Usage Intention 63
5.2.5 The relationship between Perceived Security and Continuance Usage Intention 64
5.2.6 The relationship between Promotional Benefits and Continuance Usage Intention 65
5.3 Theoretical Contribution 65
5.4 Practical Contribution 66
5.5 Limitations of Study 67
5.6 Suggestion for Future Research 68
5.7 Conclusions 69
References 71
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Research Hypothesis 35
Table 3.2: Sample Size 38
Table 3.3: Section A: Demographic Information 40
Table 3.4: Section B: Dependent Variable 41
Table 3.5: Section C: Independent Variables 42
Table 4.1: Response Rate 47
Table 4.2: Demographic Profile of the Respondents 49
Table 4.3: Results of Reliability Analysis 50
Table 4.4: Descriptive Statistics 51
Table 4.5: Results of Correlation Analysis 52
Table 4.6: Results of Multiple Regression Analysis 53
Table 4.7: Summary of Hypothesis Results Using Standard Multiple Regression Analysis 56
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Customer Behaviours and Adoption of E-Wallet
in Malaysia 4
Figure 2.1: UTAUT Model 19
Figure 3.1: Research Framework 34
Figure 3.2: Number of students in Northern Polytechnics 37
x
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Questionnaire 83
Appendix 2: Frequencies Statistics Demographic Profile of the
Respondents 89
Appendix 3: Reliability Analysis of Variables 91 Appendix 4: Descriptive Analysis of Variables (Mean and Standard
Deviation) 95
Appendix 5: Correlations Analysis of Variables 96 Appendix 6: Multiple Regression Analysis of Variables 98
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATION COVID-19 Corona Virus Disease 2019
TAM Technology Acceptance Model
UTAUT Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
MEEA Malaysian E-Payments Excellence Awards
Gen-Z Generation Z
TRA Theory of Reasoned Action
MM Motivational Model
TPB Theory of Planned Behaviour C-TAM-TPB Combined TAM and TPB IDT Innovation Diffusion Theory SCT Social Cognitive Theory MPCU Model of PC Utilization
LMS Learning Management Systems
ITM Initial Trust Model
TTF Task Technology Fit
PE Performance expectancy
EE Effort expectancy
SI Social influence
FC Facilitating conditions
PS Perceived security
PBs Promotional Benefits
ECT Expectation Confirmation Theory SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science
POLIMAS Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Polytechnic PSP Seberang Perai Polytechnic
PTSB Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah Polytechnic PTSS Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Polytechnic PBU Balik Pulau Polytechnic
PMTG Tasek Gelugor Metro Polytechnic
H1 Hypothesis 1
H2 Hypothesis 2
H3 Hypothesis 3
H4 Hypothesis 4
H5 Hypothesis 5
H6 Hypothesis 6
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
This chapter presents a focus on the current study. The issue regarding e- wallet was highlighted through the background of the study. E-wallet becomes an interesting issue for a researcher to explore on this technology's innovation, especially in the context of Malaysian users. The discussion in the problem statement had strengthened the needs of the objective of the research to study. The scope of research explained the variables and group of respondents that will be a focus in the study. The significant research highlighted the importance of this research should be conducted. In addition, the key definition of terms is expected to give a clear understanding of a reader on variables of research. Lastly, the organization of the study listed all the chapters of the research.
1.1 Background of Study
Nowadays, cell phones have become a crucial part of the lives of thousands of people around the world. Due to the innovation of technology, mobile phones' functionalities not only limit themselves as communication devices but also extend to be the access devices and commerce purposes. Mobile phones can be used as devices to market, sell, and deliver products or services to customers. Furthermore, mobile phones can now be used to purchase physical products by using mobile payment systems or applications.
Consumers can use their mobile phones to purchase products or services from the vending machines, ticketing machines, or stores that offer mobile payment systems (Iman, 2018). By using mobile payment systems, the use of e-wallets
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83 Appendix 1: Questionnaire
QUESTIONNAIRE/ SOAL SELIDIK
Dear Respondents,
I am Sajamoon a/p Boon Chooi, a postgraduate student of Master of Science Management (MSc), Universiti Utara Malaysia. I am conducting a research entitled Determinants of Continuance Usage Intention of E-Wallet among Students in Northern Polytechnic. You are selected from a random sample of Malaysian Polytechnics students for this survey. Please answer all questions to the best of your knowledge. The information provides by you will be treated as private and confidential and will be used for research purposes only.
Thank you for your time and cooperation.
Kepada Responden,
Saya Sajamoon a/p Boon Chooi, pelajar pascasiswazah Sarjana Sains Pengurusan (MSc), Universiti Utara Malaysia. Saya sedang menjalankan penyelidikan bertajuk Determinants of Continuance Usage Intention of E- Wallet among Students in Northern Polytechnic. Anda dipilih daripada persampelan secara rawak pelajar Politeknik Malaysia untuk tinjauan ini.
Sila jawab semua soalan berdasarkan pengetahuan anda. Maklumat yang anda berikan akan dianggap sebagai rahsia dan sulit dan akan digunakan untuk tujuan penyelidikan sahaja.
Terima kasih atas masa dan kerjasama anda.
From:
Sajamoon a/p Boon Chooi (824408)
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia
84
SECTION A: Demographic profile of the respondents.
Bahagian A: Profil Demografi Responden.
This section is to collect information on demographic profile of respondents.
Please select the appropriate options or fill in the details in the space provided.
Bahagian ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan maklumat mengenai profil demografi responden. Sila pilih pilihan yang sesuai atau isikan butiran di ruangan yang telah disediakan.
Gender/ Jantina Male/ Lelaki [ ] Female/ Perempuan [ ] Age/ Umur ____________ years/tahun
Ethnicity/ Bangsa Malay/ Melayu [ ] Chinese/ Cina [ ] India/ India [ ] Others/ Lain-lain [ ]
Religion/ Agama Islam/ Islam [ ] Buddha/ Buddha [ ] Hindu/ Hindu [ ] Christian/ Kristian [ ]
Polytechnic/ Politeknik POLIMAS [ ] PSP [ ] PTSB [ ] PTSS [ ]
Semester Semester 1 [ ] Semester 2 [ ] Semester 3 [ ] Semester 4 [ ] Semester 5 [ ] E-wallet usage
experience Pengalaman
penggunaan dompet digital
< 0.5 year/ < 0.5 tahun 0.5 – 1 year/ 0.5 – 1 tahun 1 – 2 years/ 1 – 2 tahun 2 – 3 years/ 2 – 3 tahun
> 3 years/ > 3 tahun
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
Average month of e- wallet usage frequency Purata kekerapan penggunaan dompet digital sebulan
0 time/ 0 kali
1 – 4 times/ 1 – 4 kali 5 – 8 times/ 5 – 8 kali 9 – 12 times/ 9 – 12 kali
> 12 times/ > 12 kali
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
85 SECTION B: Continuance Usage Intention.
Bahagian B: Niat Penggunaan Berterusan.
This section seeks your opinion on the continuance usage intention of e- wallet. Indicate your level of agreement with the following sentences using 5-point Likert scale [(1) = strongly disagree; (2) = disagree; (3) = neutral; (4)
= agree and (5) = strongly agree].
Bahagian ini melihat kepada pendapat anda terhadap niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital. Nyatakan tahap persetujuan anda dengan penyataan berikut dengan menggunakan skala Likert 5 mata [(1) = sangat tidak setuju; (2) = tidak setuju; (3) = berkecuali; (4) = setuju dan (5) = sangat setuju].
Questions/ Soalan 1 2 3 4 5
1.
I intend to continue using e-wallet rather than discontinue its use.
Saya berniat untuk terus menggunakan dompet digital daripada menghentikan penggunaannya.
2.
My intentions are to continue using e- wallet than use any alternative means.
Niat saya adalah untuk terus menggunakan dompet digital daripada menggunakan alternatif lain.
3.
If I could, I would like to discontinue my use of e-wallet.
Jika boleh, saya ingin menghentikan penggunaan dompet digital saya.
4.
I intend to continue using e-wallet services in the future.
Saya berniat untuk terus menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital pada masa akan datang.
5.
I will always try to use e-wallet services in my daily life.
Saya akan selalu menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital dalam kehidupan seharian saya.
6.
I will keep using e-wallet services as regularly as I do now.
Saya akan terus menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital seperti sekarang ini.
86
SECTION C: Factors affecting continuance usage intention of e-wallet.
Bahagian C: Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital.
This section seeks your opinion on the factors that affecting continuance usage of e-wallet. Indicate your level of agreement with the following sentences using 5-point Likert scale [(1) = strongly disagree; (2) = disagree;
(3) = neutral; (4) = agree and (5) = strongly agree].
Bahagian ini melihat kepada pendapat anda terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital. Nyatakan tahap persetujuan anda dengan penyataan berikut dengan menggunakan skala Likert 5 mata [(1) = sangat tidak setuju; (2) = tidak setuju; (3) = berkecuali;
(4) = setuju dan (5) = sangat setuju].
Questions/ Soalan 1 2 3 4 5
Performance Expectancy/ Jangkaan Prestasi
1.
I find e-wallet is useful in my daily life.
Saya dapati penggunaan dompet digital amat berguna dalam kehidupan harian saya.
2.
Using e-wallet enables me to accomplish a payment more quickly.
Penggunaan dompet digital ini membantu saya membuat pembayaran dengan cepat.
3.
Using e-wallet increases my living.
Pengunaan dompet digital akan meningkatkan kehidupan saya.
4.
E-wallet allows me to conveniently making transactions.
Dompet digital membolehkan saya membuat transaksi dengan mudah.
Effort Expectancy/ Jangkaan Usaha
1.
My interaction with e-wallet is clear and understandable.
Interaksi saya dengan dompet digital adalah jelas dan difahami.
2.
It would be easy for me to become skillful at using e-wallet.
Mudah bagi saya untuk menjadi mahir menggunakan dompet digital.
3.
I find e-wallet is easy to use.
Saya dapati dompet digital mudah digunakan.
4.
Learning to use e-wallet is easy for me.
Belajar menggunakan dompet digital adalah mudah bagi saya.
87
Questions/ Soalan 1 2 3 4 5
Social Influence/ Pengaruh Sosial
1.
People who influence my behaviour think that I should use e-wallet.
Mereka yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku saya merasakan saya harus menggunakan dompet digital.
2.
People who are important to me think that I should use e-wallet.
Mereka yang penting bagi saya merasakan saya harus menggunakan dompet digital.
3.
People whose opinions that I value prefer that I use e-wallet.
Mereka yang pendapatnya saya hargai lebih suka saya menggunakan dompet digital.
Facilitating Conditions/ Keadaan Kemudahan
1.
I have the resources necessary to use e- wallet.
Saya mempunyai sumber untuk menggunakan dompet digital.
2.
I have the knowledge necessary to use e- wallet.
Saya mempunyai pengetahuan untuk menggunakan dompet digital.
3.
A specific person (or group) is available for assistance with e-wallet system difficulties.
Individu atau kumpulan tertentu ada untuk mendapatkan bantuan jika ada masalah menggunakan dompet digital.
4.
E-wallet is compatible with other technologies (smartphone, iPad or computer).
Dompet digital serasi dengan teknologi lain (telefon pintar, iPad dan komputer).
Perceived Security/ Keselamatan yang dirasakan
1.
E-wallet is secure method of payments.
Dompet digital adalah kaedah pembayaran yang selamat.
2. E-wallet is safe and secure.
Dompet digital selamat dan terjamin.
3.
I receive confirmation evidence every time I complete a transaction.
Saya menerima bukti pengesahan setiap kali saya selesai melakukan transaksi.
88
Questions/ Soalan 1 2 3 4 5
4.
I feel secure sending privacy information across e-wallet.
Saya berasa selamat menghantar maklumat peribadi di dompet digital.
Promotional Benefits/ Faedah Promosi
1.
I use this e-wallet as it provides me various discounts.
Saya menggunakan dompet digital ini kerana menawarkan pelbagai diskaun.
2.
I use this e-wallet as I can get cash back every time I transact by using it.
Saya menggunakan dompet digital ini kerana saya dapat wang tunai setiap kali saya bertransaksi dengannya.
3.
I prefer this e-wallet than others as I get more promotional offers on this service.
Saya lebih suka dompet digital ini berbanding yang lain kerana saya mendapat lebih banyak tawaran promosi untuk perkhidmatan ini.
4.
E-wallet offers me adequate benefits for me to continue use it.
Dompet digital memberi saya faedah yang mencukupi untuk saya terus menggunakannya.
End of questionnaire.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration.
89
Appendix 2: Frequencies Statistics Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid Male 141 46.5 46.5 46.5
Female 162 53.5 53.5 100.0
Total 303 100.0 100.0
Age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 17 1 .3 .3 .3
18 77 25.4 25.4 25.7
19 111 36.6 36.6 62.4
20 92 30.4 30.4 92.7
21 14 4.6 4.6 97.4
22 3 1.0 1.0 98.3
23 5 1.7 1.7 100.0
Total 303 100.0 100.0
Ethnicity
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid Malay 244 80.5 80.5 80.5
Chinese 13 4.3 4.3 84.8
India 41 13.5 13.5 98.3
Others 5 1.7 1.7 100.0
Total 303 100.0 100.0
Religion
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid Islam 245 80.9 80.9 80.9
Buddha 16 5.3 5.3 86.1
Hindu 38 12.5 12.5 98.7
Christian 4 1.3 1.3 100.0
Total 303 100.0 100.0
90
Polytechnic
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid POLIMAS 82 27.1 27.1 27.1
PSP 65 21.5 21.5 48.5
PTSB 80 26.4 26.4 74.9
PTSS 76 25.1 25.1 100.0
Total 303 100.0 100.0
Semester
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 1 78 25.7 25.7 25.7
2 34 11.2 11.2 37.0
3 86 28.4 28.4 65.3
4 15 5.0 5.0 70.3
5 90 29.7 29.7 100.0
Total 303 100.0 100.0
E-wallet usage experience
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid < 0.5 year 136 44.9 44.9 44.9
0.5 - 1 year 100 33.0 33.0 77.9
1 - 2 years 57 18.8 18.8 96.7
2 – 3 years 7 2.3 2.3 99.0
> 3 years 3 1.0 1.0 100.0
Total 303 100.0 100.0
Average month of e-wallet usage frequency
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 0 time 49 16.2 16.2 16.2
1 - 4 times 192 63.4 63.4 79.5
5 - 8 times 39 12.9 12.9 92.4
9 - 12 times 9 3.0 3.0 95.4
> 12 times 14 4.6 4.6 100.0
Total 303 100.0 100.0
91
Appendix 3: Reliability Analysis of Variables
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.974 29
Reliability Statistics for Continuance Usage Intention
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.901 6
Item Statistics
Mean Std.
Deviation N I intend to continue using e-wallet rather than discontinue
its use.
Saya berniat untuk terus menggunakan dompet digital daripada menghentikan penggunaannya.
3.78 .907 303
My intentions are to continue using e-wallet than use any alternative means.
Niat saya adalah untuk terus menggunakan dompet digital daripada menggunakan alternatif lain.
3.52 .905 303
If I could, I would like to discontinue my use of e-wallet.
Jika boleh, saya ingin menghentikan penggunaan dompet digital saya.
3.95 .779 303
I intend to continue using e-wallet services in the future.
Saya berniat untuk terus menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital pada masa akan datang.
3.82 .977 303
I will always try to use e-wallet services in my daily life.
Saya akan selalu menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital dalam kehidupan seharian saya.
3.44 .978 303
I will keep using e-wallet services as regularly as I do now.
Saya akan terus menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital seperti sekarang ini.
3.64 .969 303
92
Reliability Statistics for Performance Expectancy
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.936 4
Item Statistics
Mean
Std.
Deviation N I find e-wallet is useful in my daily life.
Saya dapati penggunaan dompet digital amat berguna
dalam kehidupan harian saya. 3.78 .936 303
Using e-wallet enables me to accomplish a payment more quickly.
Penggunaan dompet digital ini membantu saya membuat pembayaran dengan cepat.
3.99 .935 303
Using e-wallet increases my living.
Pengunaan dompet digital akan meningkatkan kehidupan
saya. 3.58 .906 303
E-wallet allows me to conveniently making transactions.
Dompet digital membolehkan saya membuat transaksi
dengan mudah. 3.98 .931 303
Reliability Statistics for Effort Expectancy
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.946 4
Item Statistics
Mean
Std.
Deviation N My interaction with e-wallet is clear and understandable.
Interaksi saya dengan dompet digital adalah jelas dan
difahami. 3.70 .864 303
It would be easy for me to become skillful at using e- wallet.
Mudah bagi saya untuk menjadi mahir menggunakan dompet digital.
3.81 .864 303
I find e-wallet is easy to use.
Saya dapati dompet digital mudah digunakan. 3.94 .895 303 Learning to use e-wallet is easy for me.
Belajar menggunakan dompet digital adalah mudah bagi
saya. 3.88 .896 303
93
Reliability Statistics for Social Influence
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.906 3
Item Statistics
Mean Std.
Deviation N People who influence my behaviour think that I should
use e-wallet.
Mereka yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku saya merasakan saya harus menggunakan dompet digital.
3.30 .854 303
People who are important to me think that I should use e- wallet.
Mereka yang penting bagi saya merasakan saya harus menggunakan dompet digital.
3.46 .901 303
People whose opinions that I value prefer that I use e- wallet.
Mereka yang pendapatnya saya hargai lebih suka saya menggunakan dompet digital.
3.48 .868 303
Reliability Statistics for Facilitating Conditions
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.902 4
Item Statistics
Mean
Std.
Deviation N I have the resources necessary to use e-wallet.
Saya mempunyai sumber untuk menggunakan dompet
digital. 3.54 .923 303
I have the knowledge necessary to use e-wallet.
Saya mempunyai pengetahuan untuk menggunakan
dompet digital. 3.72 .878 303
A specific person (or group) is available for assistance with e-wallet system difficulties.
Individu atau kumpulan tertentu ada untuk mendapatkan bantuan jika ada masalah menggunakan dompet digital.
3.58 .842 303
E-wallet is compatible with other technologies (smartphone, iPad or computer).
Dompet digital serasi dengan teknologi lain (telefon pintar, iPad dan komputer).
3.85 .915 303
94
Reliability Statistics for Perceived Security
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.925 4
Item Statistics
Mean
Std.
Deviation N E-wallet is secure method of payments.
Dompet digital adalah kaedah pembayaran yang
selamat. 3.71 .963 303
E-wallet is safe and secure.
Dompet digital selamat dan terjamin. 3.66 .963 303 I receive confirmation evidence every time I complete a
transaction.
Saya menerima bukti pengesahan setiap kali saya selesai melakukan transaksi.
3.85 .957 303
I feel secure sending privacy information across e-wallet.
Saya berasa selamat menghantar maklumat peribadi di
dompet digital. 3.52 .955 303
Reliability Statistics for Promotional Benefits
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.913 4
Item Statistics
Mean
Std.
Deviation N I use this e-wallet as it provides me various discounts.
Saya menggunakan dompet digital ini kerana
menawarkan pelbagai diskaun. 3.57 .939 303
I use this e-wallet as I can get cash back every time I transact by using it.
Saya menggunakan dompet digital ini kerana saya dapat wang tunai setiap kali saya bertransaksi dengannya.
3.33 .915 303
I prefer this e-wallet than others as I get more promotional offers on this service.
Saya lebih suka dompet digital ini berbanding yang lain kerana saya mendapat lebih banyak tawaran promosi untuk perkhidmatan ini.
3.54 .989 303
E-wallet offers me adequate benefits for me to continue use it.
Dompet digital memberi saya faedah yang mencukupi untuk saya terus menggunakannya.
3.68 .924 303
95
Appendix 4: Descriptive Analysis of Variables (Mean and Standard Deviation)
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean
Std.
Deviation Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Continuance Usage
Intention 303 1.00 5.00 3.6914 .75445
Performance
Expectancy 303 1.00 5.00 3.8317 .84897
Effort Expectancy 303 1.00 5.00 3.8317 .81641
Social Influence 303 1.00 5.00 3.4125 .80261
Facilitating Conditions 303 1.00 5.00 3.6724 .78252
Perceived Security 303 1.00 5.00 3.6873 .86638
Promotional Benefits 303 1.00 5.00 3.5297 .83880
Valid N (listwise) 303