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The copyright © of this thesis belongs to its rightful author and/or other copyright owner. Copies can be accessed and downloaded for non-commercial or learning purposes without any charge and permission. The thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted as a whole without the permission from its rightful owner. No alteration or changes in format is allowed without permission from its rightful owner.

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DETERMINANTS OF CONTINUANCE USAGE INTENTION OF E-WALLET AMONG POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS IN NORTHERN

MALAYSIA

SAJAMOON BOON CHOOI

MASTER OF SCIENCE (MANAGEMENT) UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA

DECEMBER 2020 SA J A M O ON BOON C HO OI D ETE R M IN A N TS OF CO N TI N U A N C E US A GE I N T EN T IO N OF E -WA L LET A M ON G P OL Y TE C HN IC ST U D E N TS IN N O R THE R N M A L A Y SI A

MSc (Mgmt)

2020

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DETERMINANTS OF CONTINUANCE USAGE INTENTION OF E-WALLET AMONG POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS IN NORTHERN

MALAYSIA

By

SAJAMOON BOON CHOOI

Thesis submitted to

Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia,

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master of Science (Management)

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PERAKUAN KERJA KERTAS PENYELIDIKAN (Certification of Research Paper)

Saya, mengaku bertandatangan, memperakukan bahawa (I, the undersigned, certified that)

SAJAMOON A/P BOON CHOOI (824408)

Calon untuk Ijazah Sarjana (Candidate for the degree of)

MASTER OF SCIENCE (MANAGEMENT)

telah mengemukakan kertas penyelidikan yang bertajuk (has presented his/her research paper of the following title)

DETERMINANTS OF CONTINUANCE USAGE INTENTION OF E-WALLET AMONG POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS IN NORTHERN MALAYSIA Seperti yang tercatat di muka surat tajuk dan kulit kertas penyelidikan (as it appears on the title page and front cover of the research paper)

Bahawa kertas penyelidikan tersebut boleh diterima dari segi bentuk serta kandungan dan meliputi bidang ilmu dengan memuaskan.

(that the research paper acceptable in the form and content and that a satisfactory knowledge of the field is covered by the research paper).

Nama Penyelia

(Name of Supervisor) : DR. NORZALILA BT. JAMALUDIN Tandatangan

(Signature) : ______________________

Nama Penyelia Kedua

(Name of 2nd Supervisor) : PROF.MADYA DR. AWANIS KU ISHAK

Tandatangan

(Signature) : ______________________

Tarikh

(Date) : 24 DISEMBER 2020

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ii

PERMISSION TO USE

In presenting this research paper in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Post Graduate degree from the Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), I agree that the Library of this university may make it freely available for inspection.

I further agree that permission for copying this dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by my supervisors or in their absence, by the Dean of Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, I did my dissertation. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this dissertation parts of it for financial gain should not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the UUM in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in dissertation.

Request for permission to copy or to make other use of materials in this research paper in whole or in part should be addressed to:

Dean of Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia

06010 UUM Sintok Kedah Darul Aman

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iii ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine the factor influencing the continuance usage intention of e-wallet among Northern Polytechnics students in Malaysia. This study used the four elements of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT): Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions to determine the impact of continuance usage of e-wallet. Another two elements, Perceived Security and Promotional Benefits, were also added to identify the continuance usage intention of e- wallet among polytechnic students. Furthermore, this research is intended to examine the relationship and effect between continuance usage intention of e-wallet and factors influencing the usage of e-wallet. A total of 377 polytechnic students from four Northern Polytechnics in Malaysia have participated in this study. Data for all the variables were collected through the self-administered survey questionnaire. The multiple regression analysis was used to test the research hypothesis. The results of Multiple Regression analysis found that only two factors (performance expectancy and effort expectancy) significantly influence the continuance usage intention of e- wallet among polytechnic students in Northern Malaysia. Four factors (social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived security, and promotional benefits) have an insignificant effect on the continuance usage intention of e- wallet among polytechnic students. This study concludes with a discussion of the research findings, theoretical and practical contributions, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research.

Keyword: Continuance Usage Intention, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, Perceived Security, Promotional Benefits, Northern Polytechnic, E-Wallet.

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iv ABSTRAK

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi niat penggunaan berterusan terhadap dompet digital dalam kalangan pelajar politeknik di Utara Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan empat elemen daripada Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) iaitu Jangkaan Prestasi, Jangkaan Usaha, Pengaruh Sosial dan Keadaan Kemudahan. Dua lagi elemen tambahan adalah Keselamatan Yang Dirasakan dan Faedah Promosi juga ditambah bagi mengenal pasti niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital dalam kalangan pelajar politeknik. Tambahan pula, penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan dan pengaruh antara niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital dan faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan dompet digital. Seramai 377 orang pelajar politeknik daripada empat buat politeknik di Utara Malaysia telah mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Data bagi semua pembolehubah kajian telah dikumpul melalui soal selidik. Analisa regresi berganda telah digunakan bagi menguji hipotesis kajian. Hasil analisa regresi berganda mendapati bahawa hanya dua faktor (jangkaan prestasi dan jangkaan usaha) mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital dalam kalangan pelajar politeknik di Utara Malaysia. Empat faktor (pengaruh sosial, keadaan kemudahan, keselamatan yang dirasakan dan faedah promosi) tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital dalam kalangan pelajar politeknik. Kajian ini diakhiri dengan perbincangan mengenai penemuan penyelidikan, sumbangan teori dan praktikal, batasan kajian dan cadangan untuk kajian akan datang.

Kata Kunci: Niat Penggunaan Berterusan, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, Keselamatan Yang Dirasakan, Faedah Promosi, Politeknik Utara, Dompet Digital.

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v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, thanks and grateful to God, the Almighty and Merciful for giving me strength, motivation, and good health to complete this study. The deepest gratitude was expressed to my supportive supervisor, Dr. Norzalila Binti Jamaludin, and co-supervisor, Associated Professor Dr. Ku Awanis Ku Ishak for their guidance, encouragement, belief, and unconditional support through the dissertation process. My sincere appreciation also to the Department of Polytechnics and Community Colleges Management for their cooperation in providing the information.

I would like to extend my appreciation to my dearest parents, Mr. Boon Chooi a/l Endin Tatt and Mrs. Chiep a/p Endin Dam, for their support and understanding throughout the completion of my study at UUM. Without their support and encouragement, it is impossible for me to finish this study.

I would also like to thank all the respondents participating in the validation survey for this project paper. Without their cooperation and input, the validation survey was unsuccessfully conducted.

And lastly, special thanks to all every person who always supported and helped me directly or indirectly complete this research paper.

Thank you so much.

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vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Permission to Use ii

Abstract iii

Abstrak iv

Acknowledgement v

Table of Contents vi

List of Table viii

List of Figures ix

List of Appendices x

List of Abbreviation xi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background of Study 1

1.2 Problem Statement 6

1.3 Research Questions 10

1.4 Research Objectives 10

1.5 Scope of Study 10

1.6 Significance of Research 11

1.7 Key Definition of Terms 12

1.8 Organizational of the Study 14

1.9 Conclusion 15

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction 16

2.1 Concept of E-Wallet 16

2.2 Underpinning Theory 18

2.2.1 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) 18

2.3 Definition of Related Variable 21

2.3.1 Performance Expectancy 21

2.3.2 Effort Expectancy 22

2.3.3 Social Influence 22

2.3.4 Facilitating Conditions 23

2.3.5 Perceived Security 23

2.3.6 Promotional Benefits 24

2.4 Relationship between Related Variable and Hypothesis Development 24

2.4.1 The Relationship of Continuance Usage Intention 24

2.4.2 The Relationship of Performance Expectancy 25

2.4.3 The Relationship of Effort Expectancy 26

2.4.4 The Relationship of Social Influence 27

2.4.5 The Relation of Facilitating Conditions 29

2.4.6 The Relationship of Perceived Security 30

2.4.7 The Relationship of Promotional Benefits 31

2.5 Conclusion 32

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vii CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction 33

3.1 Proposed Research Framework 33

3.2 Research Hypothesis 34

3.3 Research Design 35

3.3.1 Types of Study 35

3.3.2 Research Population 36

3.3.3 Research Sample 37

3.3.4 Sampling Technique 38

3.4 Research Measurement/Instrument 39

3.5 Data Collection 44

3.6 Data Analysis Technique 45

3.7 Conclusion 45

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.0 Introduction 46

4.1 Response Rate 46

4.2 Respondent’s Demographic Profile 47

4.3 Reliability Analysis 50

4.4 Descriptive Statistics 50

4.5 Pearson Correlation Analysis 51

4.6 Multiple Regression Analysis 52

4.7 Hypothesis Testing 54

4.8 Conclusion 56

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION 5.0 Introduction 58

5.1 Research Process Overview 58

5.2 Discussion on Continuance Usage Intention of E-Wallet among Students 59

5.2.1 The relationship between Performance Expectancy and Continuance Usage Intention 60

5.2.2 The relationship between Effort Expectancy and Continuance Usage Intention 61

5.2.3 The relationship between Social Influence and Continuance Usage Intention 62

5.2.4 The relationship between Facilitating Conditions and Continuance Usage Intention 63

5.2.5 The relationship between Perceived Security and Continuance Usage Intention 64

5.2.6 The relationship between Promotional Benefits and Continuance Usage Intention 65

5.3 Theoretical Contribution 65

5.4 Practical Contribution 66

5.5 Limitations of Study 67

5.6 Suggestion for Future Research 68

5.7 Conclusions 69

References 71

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viii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Research Hypothesis 35

Table 3.2: Sample Size 38

Table 3.3: Section A: Demographic Information 40

Table 3.4: Section B: Dependent Variable 41

Table 3.5: Section C: Independent Variables 42

Table 4.1: Response Rate 47

Table 4.2: Demographic Profile of the Respondents 49

Table 4.3: Results of Reliability Analysis 50

Table 4.4: Descriptive Statistics 51

Table 4.5: Results of Correlation Analysis 52

Table 4.6: Results of Multiple Regression Analysis 53

Table 4.7: Summary of Hypothesis Results Using Standard Multiple Regression Analysis 56

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ix

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Customer Behaviours and Adoption of E-Wallet

in Malaysia 4

Figure 2.1: UTAUT Model 19

Figure 3.1: Research Framework 34

Figure 3.2: Number of students in Northern Polytechnics 37

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x

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Questionnaire 83

Appendix 2: Frequencies Statistics Demographic Profile of the

Respondents 89

Appendix 3: Reliability Analysis of Variables 91 Appendix 4: Descriptive Analysis of Variables (Mean and Standard

Deviation) 95

Appendix 5: Correlations Analysis of Variables 96 Appendix 6: Multiple Regression Analysis of Variables 98

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xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATION COVID-19 Corona Virus Disease 2019

TAM Technology Acceptance Model

UTAUT Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

MEEA Malaysian E-Payments Excellence Awards

Gen-Z Generation Z

TRA Theory of Reasoned Action

MM Motivational Model

TPB Theory of Planned Behaviour C-TAM-TPB Combined TAM and TPB IDT Innovation Diffusion Theory SCT Social Cognitive Theory MPCU Model of PC Utilization

LMS Learning Management Systems

ITM Initial Trust Model

TTF Task Technology Fit

PE Performance expectancy

EE Effort expectancy

SI Social influence

FC Facilitating conditions

PS Perceived security

PBs Promotional Benefits

ECT Expectation Confirmation Theory SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science

POLIMAS Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Polytechnic PSP Seberang Perai Polytechnic

PTSB Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah Polytechnic PTSS Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Polytechnic PBU Balik Pulau Polytechnic

PMTG Tasek Gelugor Metro Polytechnic

H1 Hypothesis 1

H2 Hypothesis 2

H3 Hypothesis 3

H4 Hypothesis 4

H5 Hypothesis 5

H6 Hypothesis 6

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1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

This chapter presents a focus on the current study. The issue regarding e- wallet was highlighted through the background of the study. E-wallet becomes an interesting issue for a researcher to explore on this technology's innovation, especially in the context of Malaysian users. The discussion in the problem statement had strengthened the needs of the objective of the research to study. The scope of research explained the variables and group of respondents that will be a focus in the study. The significant research highlighted the importance of this research should be conducted. In addition, the key definition of terms is expected to give a clear understanding of a reader on variables of research. Lastly, the organization of the study listed all the chapters of the research.

1.1 Background of Study

Nowadays, cell phones have become a crucial part of the lives of thousands of people around the world. Due to the innovation of technology, mobile phones' functionalities not only limit themselves as communication devices but also extend to be the access devices and commerce purposes. Mobile phones can be used as devices to market, sell, and deliver products or services to customers. Furthermore, mobile phones can now be used to purchase physical products by using mobile payment systems or applications.

Consumers can use their mobile phones to purchase products or services from the vending machines, ticketing machines, or stores that offer mobile payment systems (Iman, 2018). By using mobile payment systems, the use of e-wallets

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83 Appendix 1: Questionnaire

QUESTIONNAIRE/ SOAL SELIDIK

Dear Respondents,

I am Sajamoon a/p Boon Chooi, a postgraduate student of Master of Science Management (MSc), Universiti Utara Malaysia. I am conducting a research entitled Determinants of Continuance Usage Intention of E-Wallet among Students in Northern Polytechnic. You are selected from a random sample of Malaysian Polytechnics students for this survey. Please answer all questions to the best of your knowledge. The information provides by you will be treated as private and confidential and will be used for research purposes only.

Thank you for your time and cooperation.

Kepada Responden,

Saya Sajamoon a/p Boon Chooi, pelajar pascasiswazah Sarjana Sains Pengurusan (MSc), Universiti Utara Malaysia. Saya sedang menjalankan penyelidikan bertajuk Determinants of Continuance Usage Intention of E- Wallet among Students in Northern Polytechnic. Anda dipilih daripada persampelan secara rawak pelajar Politeknik Malaysia untuk tinjauan ini.

Sila jawab semua soalan berdasarkan pengetahuan anda. Maklumat yang anda berikan akan dianggap sebagai rahsia dan sulit dan akan digunakan untuk tujuan penyelidikan sahaja.

Terima kasih atas masa dan kerjasama anda.

From:

Sajamoon a/p Boon Chooi (824408)

Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia

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84

SECTION A: Demographic profile of the respondents.

Bahagian A: Profil Demografi Responden.

This section is to collect information on demographic profile of respondents.

Please select the appropriate options or fill in the details in the space provided.

Bahagian ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan maklumat mengenai profil demografi responden. Sila pilih pilihan yang sesuai atau isikan butiran di ruangan yang telah disediakan.

Gender/ Jantina Male/ Lelaki [ ] Female/ Perempuan [ ] Age/ Umur ____________ years/tahun

Ethnicity/ Bangsa Malay/ Melayu [ ] Chinese/ Cina [ ] India/ India [ ] Others/ Lain-lain [ ]

Religion/ Agama Islam/ Islam [ ] Buddha/ Buddha [ ] Hindu/ Hindu [ ] Christian/ Kristian [ ]

Polytechnic/ Politeknik POLIMAS [ ] PSP [ ] PTSB [ ] PTSS [ ]

Semester Semester 1 [ ] Semester 2 [ ] Semester 3 [ ] Semester 4 [ ] Semester 5 [ ] E-wallet usage

experience Pengalaman

penggunaan dompet digital

< 0.5 year/ < 0.5 tahun 0.5 – 1 year/ 0.5 – 1 tahun 1 – 2 years/ 1 – 2 tahun 2 – 3 years/ 2 – 3 tahun

> 3 years/ > 3 tahun

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Average month of e- wallet usage frequency Purata kekerapan penggunaan dompet digital sebulan

0 time/ 0 kali

1 – 4 times/ 1 – 4 kali 5 – 8 times/ 5 – 8 kali 9 – 12 times/ 9 – 12 kali

> 12 times/ > 12 kali

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

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85 SECTION B: Continuance Usage Intention.

Bahagian B: Niat Penggunaan Berterusan.

This section seeks your opinion on the continuance usage intention of e- wallet. Indicate your level of agreement with the following sentences using 5-point Likert scale [(1) = strongly disagree; (2) = disagree; (3) = neutral; (4)

= agree and (5) = strongly agree].

Bahagian ini melihat kepada pendapat anda terhadap niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital. Nyatakan tahap persetujuan anda dengan penyataan berikut dengan menggunakan skala Likert 5 mata [(1) = sangat tidak setuju; (2) = tidak setuju; (3) = berkecuali; (4) = setuju dan (5) = sangat setuju].

Questions/ Soalan 1 2 3 4 5

1.

I intend to continue using e-wallet rather than discontinue its use.

Saya berniat untuk terus menggunakan dompet digital daripada menghentikan penggunaannya.

2.

My intentions are to continue using e- wallet than use any alternative means.

Niat saya adalah untuk terus menggunakan dompet digital daripada menggunakan alternatif lain.

3.

If I could, I would like to discontinue my use of e-wallet.

Jika boleh, saya ingin menghentikan penggunaan dompet digital saya.

4.

I intend to continue using e-wallet services in the future.

Saya berniat untuk terus menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital pada masa akan datang.

5.

I will always try to use e-wallet services in my daily life.

Saya akan selalu menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital dalam kehidupan seharian saya.

6.

I will keep using e-wallet services as regularly as I do now.

Saya akan terus menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital seperti sekarang ini.

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86

SECTION C: Factors affecting continuance usage intention of e-wallet.

Bahagian C: Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital.

This section seeks your opinion on the factors that affecting continuance usage of e-wallet. Indicate your level of agreement with the following sentences using 5-point Likert scale [(1) = strongly disagree; (2) = disagree;

(3) = neutral; (4) = agree and (5) = strongly agree].

Bahagian ini melihat kepada pendapat anda terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat penggunaan berterusan dompet digital. Nyatakan tahap persetujuan anda dengan penyataan berikut dengan menggunakan skala Likert 5 mata [(1) = sangat tidak setuju; (2) = tidak setuju; (3) = berkecuali;

(4) = setuju dan (5) = sangat setuju].

Questions/ Soalan 1 2 3 4 5

Performance Expectancy/ Jangkaan Prestasi

1.

I find e-wallet is useful in my daily life.

Saya dapati penggunaan dompet digital amat berguna dalam kehidupan harian saya.

2.

Using e-wallet enables me to accomplish a payment more quickly.

Penggunaan dompet digital ini membantu saya membuat pembayaran dengan cepat.

3.

Using e-wallet increases my living.

Pengunaan dompet digital akan meningkatkan kehidupan saya.

4.

E-wallet allows me to conveniently making transactions.

Dompet digital membolehkan saya membuat transaksi dengan mudah.

Effort Expectancy/ Jangkaan Usaha

1.

My interaction with e-wallet is clear and understandable.

Interaksi saya dengan dompet digital adalah jelas dan difahami.

2.

It would be easy for me to become skillful at using e-wallet.

Mudah bagi saya untuk menjadi mahir menggunakan dompet digital.

3.

I find e-wallet is easy to use.

Saya dapati dompet digital mudah digunakan.

4.

Learning to use e-wallet is easy for me.

Belajar menggunakan dompet digital adalah mudah bagi saya.

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87

Questions/ Soalan 1 2 3 4 5

Social Influence/ Pengaruh Sosial

1.

People who influence my behaviour think that I should use e-wallet.

Mereka yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku saya merasakan saya harus menggunakan dompet digital.

2.

People who are important to me think that I should use e-wallet.

Mereka yang penting bagi saya merasakan saya harus menggunakan dompet digital.

3.

People whose opinions that I value prefer that I use e-wallet.

Mereka yang pendapatnya saya hargai lebih suka saya menggunakan dompet digital.

Facilitating Conditions/ Keadaan Kemudahan

1.

I have the resources necessary to use e- wallet.

Saya mempunyai sumber untuk menggunakan dompet digital.

2.

I have the knowledge necessary to use e- wallet.

Saya mempunyai pengetahuan untuk menggunakan dompet digital.

3.

A specific person (or group) is available for assistance with e-wallet system difficulties.

Individu atau kumpulan tertentu ada untuk mendapatkan bantuan jika ada masalah menggunakan dompet digital.

4.

E-wallet is compatible with other technologies (smartphone, iPad or computer).

Dompet digital serasi dengan teknologi lain (telefon pintar, iPad dan komputer).

Perceived Security/ Keselamatan yang dirasakan

1.

E-wallet is secure method of payments.

Dompet digital adalah kaedah pembayaran yang selamat.

2. E-wallet is safe and secure.

Dompet digital selamat dan terjamin.

3.

I receive confirmation evidence every time I complete a transaction.

Saya menerima bukti pengesahan setiap kali saya selesai melakukan transaksi.

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88

Questions/ Soalan 1 2 3 4 5

4.

I feel secure sending privacy information across e-wallet.

Saya berasa selamat menghantar maklumat peribadi di dompet digital.

Promotional Benefits/ Faedah Promosi

1.

I use this e-wallet as it provides me various discounts.

Saya menggunakan dompet digital ini kerana menawarkan pelbagai diskaun.

2.

I use this e-wallet as I can get cash back every time I transact by using it.

Saya menggunakan dompet digital ini kerana saya dapat wang tunai setiap kali saya bertransaksi dengannya.

3.

I prefer this e-wallet than others as I get more promotional offers on this service.

Saya lebih suka dompet digital ini berbanding yang lain kerana saya mendapat lebih banyak tawaran promosi untuk perkhidmatan ini.

4.

E-wallet offers me adequate benefits for me to continue use it.

Dompet digital memberi saya faedah yang mencukupi untuk saya terus menggunakannya.

End of questionnaire.

Thank you for your cooperation and consideration.

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89

Appendix 2: Frequencies Statistics Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Gender

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Male 141 46.5 46.5 46.5

Female 162 53.5 53.5 100.0

Total 303 100.0 100.0

Age

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid 17 1 .3 .3 .3

18 77 25.4 25.4 25.7

19 111 36.6 36.6 62.4

20 92 30.4 30.4 92.7

21 14 4.6 4.6 97.4

22 3 1.0 1.0 98.3

23 5 1.7 1.7 100.0

Total 303 100.0 100.0

Ethnicity

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Malay 244 80.5 80.5 80.5

Chinese 13 4.3 4.3 84.8

India 41 13.5 13.5 98.3

Others 5 1.7 1.7 100.0

Total 303 100.0 100.0

Religion

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Islam 245 80.9 80.9 80.9

Buddha 16 5.3 5.3 86.1

Hindu 38 12.5 12.5 98.7

Christian 4 1.3 1.3 100.0

Total 303 100.0 100.0

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90

Polytechnic

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid POLIMAS 82 27.1 27.1 27.1

PSP 65 21.5 21.5 48.5

PTSB 80 26.4 26.4 74.9

PTSS 76 25.1 25.1 100.0

Total 303 100.0 100.0

Semester

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid 1 78 25.7 25.7 25.7

2 34 11.2 11.2 37.0

3 86 28.4 28.4 65.3

4 15 5.0 5.0 70.3

5 90 29.7 29.7 100.0

Total 303 100.0 100.0

E-wallet usage experience

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid < 0.5 year 136 44.9 44.9 44.9

0.5 - 1 year 100 33.0 33.0 77.9

1 - 2 years 57 18.8 18.8 96.7

2 – 3 years 7 2.3 2.3 99.0

> 3 years 3 1.0 1.0 100.0

Total 303 100.0 100.0

Average month of e-wallet usage frequency

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid 0 time 49 16.2 16.2 16.2

1 - 4 times 192 63.4 63.4 79.5

5 - 8 times 39 12.9 12.9 92.4

9 - 12 times 9 3.0 3.0 95.4

> 12 times 14 4.6 4.6 100.0

Total 303 100.0 100.0

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91

Appendix 3: Reliability Analysis of Variables

Reliability Statistics Cronbach's

Alpha N of Items

.974 29

Reliability Statistics for Continuance Usage Intention

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.901 6

Item Statistics

Mean Std.

Deviation N I intend to continue using e-wallet rather than discontinue

its use.

Saya berniat untuk terus menggunakan dompet digital daripada menghentikan penggunaannya.

3.78 .907 303

My intentions are to continue using e-wallet than use any alternative means.

Niat saya adalah untuk terus menggunakan dompet digital daripada menggunakan alternatif lain.

3.52 .905 303

If I could, I would like to discontinue my use of e-wallet.

Jika boleh, saya ingin menghentikan penggunaan dompet digital saya.

3.95 .779 303

I intend to continue using e-wallet services in the future.

Saya berniat untuk terus menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital pada masa akan datang.

3.82 .977 303

I will always try to use e-wallet services in my daily life.

Saya akan selalu menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital dalam kehidupan seharian saya.

3.44 .978 303

I will keep using e-wallet services as regularly as I do now.

Saya akan terus menggunakan perkhidmatan dompet digital seperti sekarang ini.

3.64 .969 303

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92

Reliability Statistics for Performance Expectancy

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.936 4

Item Statistics

Mean

Std.

Deviation N I find e-wallet is useful in my daily life.

Saya dapati penggunaan dompet digital amat berguna

dalam kehidupan harian saya. 3.78 .936 303

Using e-wallet enables me to accomplish a payment more quickly.

Penggunaan dompet digital ini membantu saya membuat pembayaran dengan cepat.

3.99 .935 303

Using e-wallet increases my living.

Pengunaan dompet digital akan meningkatkan kehidupan

saya. 3.58 .906 303

E-wallet allows me to conveniently making transactions.

Dompet digital membolehkan saya membuat transaksi

dengan mudah. 3.98 .931 303

Reliability Statistics for Effort Expectancy

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.946 4

Item Statistics

Mean

Std.

Deviation N My interaction with e-wallet is clear and understandable.

Interaksi saya dengan dompet digital adalah jelas dan

difahami. 3.70 .864 303

It would be easy for me to become skillful at using e- wallet.

Mudah bagi saya untuk menjadi mahir menggunakan dompet digital.

3.81 .864 303

I find e-wallet is easy to use.

Saya dapati dompet digital mudah digunakan. 3.94 .895 303 Learning to use e-wallet is easy for me.

Belajar menggunakan dompet digital adalah mudah bagi

saya. 3.88 .896 303

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Reliability Statistics for Social Influence

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.906 3

Item Statistics

Mean Std.

Deviation N People who influence my behaviour think that I should

use e-wallet.

Mereka yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku saya merasakan saya harus menggunakan dompet digital.

3.30 .854 303

People who are important to me think that I should use e- wallet.

Mereka yang penting bagi saya merasakan saya harus menggunakan dompet digital.

3.46 .901 303

People whose opinions that I value prefer that I use e- wallet.

Mereka yang pendapatnya saya hargai lebih suka saya menggunakan dompet digital.

3.48 .868 303

Reliability Statistics for Facilitating Conditions

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.902 4

Item Statistics

Mean

Std.

Deviation N I have the resources necessary to use e-wallet.

Saya mempunyai sumber untuk menggunakan dompet

digital. 3.54 .923 303

I have the knowledge necessary to use e-wallet.

Saya mempunyai pengetahuan untuk menggunakan

dompet digital. 3.72 .878 303

A specific person (or group) is available for assistance with e-wallet system difficulties.

Individu atau kumpulan tertentu ada untuk mendapatkan bantuan jika ada masalah menggunakan dompet digital.

3.58 .842 303

E-wallet is compatible with other technologies (smartphone, iPad or computer).

Dompet digital serasi dengan teknologi lain (telefon pintar, iPad dan komputer).

3.85 .915 303

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94

Reliability Statistics for Perceived Security

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.925 4

Item Statistics

Mean

Std.

Deviation N E-wallet is secure method of payments.

Dompet digital adalah kaedah pembayaran yang

selamat. 3.71 .963 303

E-wallet is safe and secure.

Dompet digital selamat dan terjamin. 3.66 .963 303 I receive confirmation evidence every time I complete a

transaction.

Saya menerima bukti pengesahan setiap kali saya selesai melakukan transaksi.

3.85 .957 303

I feel secure sending privacy information across e-wallet.

Saya berasa selamat menghantar maklumat peribadi di

dompet digital. 3.52 .955 303

Reliability Statistics for Promotional Benefits

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.913 4

Item Statistics

Mean

Std.

Deviation N I use this e-wallet as it provides me various discounts.

Saya menggunakan dompet digital ini kerana

menawarkan pelbagai diskaun. 3.57 .939 303

I use this e-wallet as I can get cash back every time I transact by using it.

Saya menggunakan dompet digital ini kerana saya dapat wang tunai setiap kali saya bertransaksi dengannya.

3.33 .915 303

I prefer this e-wallet than others as I get more promotional offers on this service.

Saya lebih suka dompet digital ini berbanding yang lain kerana saya mendapat lebih banyak tawaran promosi untuk perkhidmatan ini.

3.54 .989 303

E-wallet offers me adequate benefits for me to continue use it.

Dompet digital memberi saya faedah yang mencukupi untuk saya terus menggunakannya.

3.68 .924 303

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95

Appendix 4: Descriptive Analysis of Variables (Mean and Standard Deviation)

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean

Std.

Deviation Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Continuance Usage

Intention 303 1.00 5.00 3.6914 .75445

Performance

Expectancy 303 1.00 5.00 3.8317 .84897

Effort Expectancy 303 1.00 5.00 3.8317 .81641

Social Influence 303 1.00 5.00 3.4125 .80261

Facilitating Conditions 303 1.00 5.00 3.6724 .78252

Perceived Security 303 1.00 5.00 3.6873 .86638

Promotional Benefits 303 1.00 5.00 3.5297 .83880

Valid N (listwise) 303

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