The study explains how theoretical basis and pedagogic background support the use of social media as tools for networked collaborative learning

(1)

(2)

(3)

ABSTRACT

We are living in a rapidly evolving knowledge-based era characterized by widespread of both smart devices and social media that formulated a platform for exchange of ideas and thought among people and across cultures. The social media application influenced our lifestyles and implemented in several aspects of life including education. This study shed light on using WhatsApp to implement networked collaborative learning environment. The study explains how theoretical basis and pedagogic background support the use of social media as tools for networked collaborative learning. The study tackled different aspects of WhatsApp on communications, acquaintance, collaboration, and cognitive developments among students. The study followed the descriptive analytical method and its sample consisted of 60-women students chosen by simple random selection among those of the Collage of Science and Arts at Ar Rass in Al Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. The researcher sent the study sample a validated electronic Questionnaire of 16 items. The Study results revealed positive attitudes towards using WhatsApp groups to facilitate networked collaborative learning. The study subjects were positive on using WhatsApp as a course platform for participation, collaboration and dissemination of knowledge and learning resources. Students reported improvement of their communications; acquaintances; and many overcome their fear or shyness of verbal participations to exchange ideas. Moreover, they gained experience in study planning skills and developed on thinking through open discussion and idea articulation.

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

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:

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.2.0

) ..

( (Laat,

Lally, Lipponen &Simons, 2007)

: "WhatsApp"

.

1 Laat, M., Lally, V., Lipponen L. & Simons, R.(2007) Investigating patterns of interaction in networked learning and computer-supported collaborative learning: A role for Social Network Analysis International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. Volume 2, Number 1, 87- 103, DOI: 10.1007/s11412-007-9006-4

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

:

"

(9)

(IDC, 2014)

1 IDC= International Data Corporation (premier global provider of market intelligence).

IDC Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker May 28, 2014. Retrieved at 13/3/1436 from:

http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS24857114

( )

(10)

(IDC, 2014)

(Facebook, 2014)

،

(Twitter, 2014)

(Statista, 2014)

. (

Metcalfe‟s law

)

(Lickus, 2012)

=

http://www.citc.gov.sa/arabic/Reportsandstudies/Indicators/DocLib/IndicatorsQ1-2014- ARABIC-Final.pdf

1^Ibid.

2 Facebook, Company Statistics, 2014, Retrieved at 13/3/1436 from:

http://newsroom.fb.com/company-info

3 Twitter, Twitter usage, 2014.. Retrieved at 18/3/1436 from:

https://about.twitter.com/company

4 Statista, Number of monthly active WhatsApp users worldwide from April 2013 to

August 2014. ,2014, Retrieved at 15/3/1436 from:

http://www.statista.com/topics/1523/mobile-messenger-apps

5 Lickus, P. (2012). The Value of Social Network as Function of Number of Users.

(11)

“google it” (mobile instant messaging)

( )WhatsApp

=

International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 4(2). Retrieved on 17/3/1436 from: http://www.sosbilko.net/journal_IJEF/archieves/2012_2/petras_lickus.pdf

1 http://www.siteawy.com/2014/11/whatsapp-faq-tips-how-to.html

(12)

(

(Strijbos, 2004

1 Strijbos. J The Effect of Roles on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 2004,

Retrieved at 17/3/1436 from:

http://www.ou.nl/Docs/Expertise/OTEC/Publicaties/janwillem%20strijbos/Dissertation_

Strijbos __Online_rev_1-11-04.pdf

(13)

(

Vygotsky, 1978

)

.^{( )}(Vygotsky, 1978)

1 Vygotsky, L. Interaction between learning and development. From: Mind and Society, 1978, (pp. 79-91). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Retrieved on at 25/4/1436 from http://www.psy.cmu.edu/~siegler/vygotsky78.pdf

2 Ibid

3 Ibid, p. 80

(14)

(Woolfolk-Hoy, 2005)

( )(Siemens, 2005)

(

Connectivism

)



1 Woolfolk-Hoy, A. (). Cognitive Development and Language. In EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2005 (9th ed., pp. 18-59). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Retrieved at 11/3/1436 from: http://www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0205435297.pdf

2 Siemens, G. Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning (ITDL), January 2005.

Retrieved on 5/3/20015 from http://er.dut.ac.za/handle/123456789/69

(15)

Stephenson, 2004)

)

1 Stephenson, K. The Art and Science of Human Knowledge Networks (Ch.15) from Quantum Theory of Trust: The Secret of Mapping and Managing Human Relationships.

Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2004. Retrieved on 29/02/2016 from http://www.drkaren.us/pdfs/chapter15.pdf

(16)

(

McConnell, 1999

):

(Goodyear, 2001)

:

1 Ibid

2

http://www.world- dialogue.org/MWL/media/WORD/R9.docx

3 Goodyear, P. Effective networked learning in higher education: notes and guidelines.

Center for Studies in Advanced Learning Technology, Lancaster University. Lancaster.

England, 2001. Retrieved at 16/3/1436 from:

http://csalt.lancs.ac.uk/jisc/docs/guidelinesfinal.doc

(17)

Choa, Gayb, Davidsonc & Ingraffead,2007)

)

"Social Networking"

( ) ) (

1 Choa,H., Gayb, G., Davidsonc, B.,and Ingraffead, A. ( 2007) Social networks, communication styles, and learning performance in a CSCL community Computers &

Education .Volume 49, Issue 2, September 2007, Pages 309-329 .

file:///D:/Downloads/dwar%20shabakat%20altawasol.pdf .

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. :

)

:

)

.

(19)

) .

)

.

. https://sabqq.qu/Gigde

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(21)

.

(α≤0.05(

.

:

.

( )(Aldmour, 2015)

2 Al Dmour, I. Social Networks as Effective Students-Instructor Communication and Collaboration Tool: Case Study of Computer Engineering Students, 2015. Retrieved on 16/10/2015 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280937364

(22)

(Aldmour, 2015)

(

Alsereihy & Al Youbi, A. 2014

)

(Facebook) (Flicker)

(Pinterest)

،

(Hangout) (WhatsApp)

(Twitter)

1 Alsereihy, H., & Al Youbi, A. Towards Applying Social Networking in Higher Education: Case Study of Saudi Universities, 2014, MAGNT Research Report (ISSN 1444-8939). Retrieved on 14/3/1436 from: http://brisjast.com/wp- content/uploads/2014/08/July-29-14.pdf

(23)

(Jazra, 2014)

.

Alsereihy & Al Youbi,

)

(Alfaki & Alharthy, 2014)

1 Jazra, K. 15 stats about social media in the Middle East that you need to know.

social4ce.com blog, 2014. Retrieved at 16/3/1436 from:

http://social4ce.com/blog/2014/07/01/15-stats-you-need-to-know-about-social-media-in- the-middle-east/

2 Alfaki, I., & Alharthy, K. . Towards a Digital World: Using Social Networks to Promote Learner‟s Language. 2014. American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 4, No. 10; October 2014 Retrieved on 20/5/2015 from http://www.aijcrnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_10_October_2014/13.pdf

(24)

(Bansal & Joshi, 2014) (m-learning)

.

Maharshi

Dayanand University

(Bansal & Joshi, 2014)

يف

(

Amry, 2014

)

1 Bansal, T., & Joshi, D. A Study of Students Experiences of WhatsApp Mobile Learning. Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 2014, Research, 14(4). Retrieved on

19/02/2016 from:

http://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/viewFile/1326/1267

2 Amry, A. The Impact of WhatsApp Mobile Social Learning on the Achievement and Attitudes of Female Students Compared with Face to Face Learning in the Classroom, European Scientific Journal August 2014 vol.10, No.22. (ISSN 1857- 7431) http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/3909

(25)

(

Amry,

)

2014

(

Yeboah & Ewur, 2014

)

1 Yeboah, J., & Ewur, G. The Impact of WhatsApp Messenger Usage on Students Performance in Tertiary Institutions in Ghana, Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.5,

No.6, 2014. Retrieved at 11/3/1436 from:

http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/issue/view/1087

(26)

(

Yeboah & Ewur, 2014

)

(

Alsaleem, 2013

)

(

Alsaleem, 2013

)

( )(Rambe & Bere, 2013)

1 Alsaleem, B. The Effect of "WhatsApp" Electronic Dialogue Journaling on Improving Writing Vocabulary Word Choice and Voice of EFL Undergraduate Saudi Students.

Arab World English Journal 4(3). 2013. Retrieved on 15/3/1436 from:

http://www.awej.org/images/AllIssues/Volume4/Volume4Number3Sept2013/18.pdf

2 Rambe, P., & Bere, A. Using mobile instant messaging to leverage learner participation and transform pedagogy at a South African University of Technology. British Journal of Educational Technology,2013, Vol 44 No. 4, pp. 544-561. Retrieved on 04/02/2015 from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjet.12057/pdf

(27)

(Rambe & Bere, 2013)

(

Zanamwe & Kufandirimbwa,

2013

(

Bukaliya & Rupande, 2013

)

1 Zanamwe, N., Rupere, T., & Kufandirimbwa, O. Use of Social Networking Technologies in Higher Education in Zimbabwe: A learners‟ perspective, International Journal of Computer and Information Technology (IJCIT), 2(1)., 2013, Retrieved at 16/3/1436 from: http://www.ijcit.com/Vol2Issue1.php.

2Bukaliya, R., & Rupande, G. Benefits and Challenges in the Use of Social Media in Open and Distance Learning. International Journal of Advanced Research, 1(10), 2013, Retrieved at 15/3/1436 from: http://journalijar.com/uploads/2014-01- 01_005326_450.pdf

(28)

(

Zanamwe &

Kufandirimbwa, 2013

) (

Zanamwe

& Kufandirimbwa, 2013

)

%

.

(29)

%

.

SPSS

http://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789 44 0

(30)

(

Zanamwe & Kufandirimbwa, 2013

) يساردو (

Bansal & Joshi, 2014

)

؛

(

Aldmour,

)

2015

(

Bansal & Joshi 2014

) (

Amry, 2014

)

Alsaleem, 2013

)

1^Ibid 2 Ibid

3 Ibid

4 Ibid

5 Ibid

6 Ibid

7^Ibid

(31)

(

Bukaliya, & Rupande,

)

2013

(

Yeboah & Ewur, 2014

) (

Bukaliya, &

Rupande, 2013

) (

Yeboah & Ewur, 2014

)

1 Ibid

2 Ibid

3 Ibid

4^Ibid

(32)

)

(SPSS)

)

"

.

(33)

(34)

)

"

(

"

) (

)

(35)

(

Zanamwe, Rupere &

Kufandirimbwa, 2013

) ردو يسا (

Bansal & Joshi, 2014

)

؛

(

Aldmour, 2015

)

(

Bansal & Joshi 2014

) (

Amry, 2014

)

1 Ibid

2 Ibid

3 Ibid

4 Ibid

5 Ibid

6^Ibid

(36)

Alsaleem, 2013

) (

Bukaliya, & Rupande, 2013

) (

Yeboah

& Ewur, 2014

)



(

Alsereihy & Al Youbi

)

1 Ibid

2 Ibid

3 Ibid

4^Ibid

(37)

.

http://www.world-dialogue.org/MWL/media/WORD/R9.docx

7 .

.

file:///D:/Downloads/dwar%20shabakat%20altawasol.pdf

9

.

(38)

. https://sabqq.qu/Gigde

51 .

.

55 .

http://www.citc.gov.sa/arabic/Reportsandstudies/Indicators/DocLib/Indi catorsQ1-2014-ARABIC-Final.pdf

1.

Al Dmour, I. (2015). Social Networks as Effective Students- Instructor Communication and Collaboration Tool: Case Study of Computer Engineering Students. Retrieved on 16/10/2015 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280937364

2.

Alfaki, I., & Alharthy, K. (2014). Towards a Digital World: Using Social Networks to Promote Learner‟s Language. American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 4, No. 10; October 2014 Retrieved

on 20/5/2015 from

http://www.aijcrnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_10_October_2014/13.pdf

3.

Alsaleem, B. (2013). The Effect of "WhatsApp" Electronic Dialogue Journaling on Improving Writing Vocabulary Word Choice and Voice of EFL Undergraduate Saudi Students. Arab World English Journal 4(3). 2013.

Retrieved on 15/3/1436 from:

http://www.awej.org/images/AllIssues/Volume4/Volume4Number3Sept201 3/18.pdf

4.

Alsereihy, H., & Al Youbi, A. (2014). Towards Applying Social Networking in Higher Education: Case Study of Saudi Universities, MAGNT Research Report (ISSN 1444-8939). Retrieved on 14/3/1436 from:

http://brisjast.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/July-29-14.pdf

(39)

5.

Amry, A. (2014). The Impact of WhatsApp Mobile Social Learning on the Achievement and Attitudes of Female Students Compared with Face to Face Learning in the Classroom, European Scientific Journal August

2014 vol.10, No.22. (ISSN 1857- 7431)

http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/3909

6.

Bansal, T., & Joshi, D. (2014). A Study of Students Experiences of WhatsApp Mobile Learning. Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 14(4). Retrieved on 19/02/2016 from:

http://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/viewFile/1326/126 7

7.

Bukaliya, R., & Rupande, G. (2013). Benefits and Challenges in the Use of Social Media in Open and Distance Learning. International Journal of Advanced Research, 1(10). Retrieved at 15/3/1436 from:

http://journalijar.com/uploads/2014-01-01_005326_450.pdf

8.

Facebook, (2014). Company Statistics, Retrieved at 13/3/1436 from:

9.

Choa,H., Gayb, G., Davidsonc, B.,and Ingraffead, A. ( 2007) Social networks, communication styles, and learning performance in a CSCL community Computers & Education .Volume 49, Issue 2, September 2007, Pages 309-329

10.

Gauvain, M., & Cole, M. (1997). Readings on the Development of Children. W. H. Freeman and company New York. Reprinted from L. S.

Vygotsky, 1978, “Interaction between Learning and Development” Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 79-91. Retrieved at 17/3/1436 from: http://www.psy.cmu.edu/~siegler/vygotsky78.pdf

11.

Goodyear, P. (2001). Effective networked learning in higher education: notes and guidelines. Center for Studies in Advanced Learning Technology, Lancaster University. Lancaster. England. Retrieved at 16/3/1436 from: http://csalt.lancs.ac.uk/jisc/docs/guidelinesfinal.doc

12.

IDC, (2014). IDC Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker May 28,

2014. Retrieved at 13/3/1436 from:

13.

Jazra, K. (2014). 15 stats about social media in the Middle East that you need to know. social4ce.com blog. Retrieved at 16/3/1436 from:

http://social4ce.com/blog/2014/07/01/15-stats-you-need-to-know-about- social-media-in-the-middle-east

(40)

14.

Laat, M., Lally, V., Lipponen L. & Simons, R.(2007) Investigating patterns of interaction in networked learning and computer-supported collaborative learning: A role for Social Network Analysis International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. Volume 2, Number 1, 87- 103, DOI: 10.1007/s11412-007-9006-4

15.

Lickus, P. (2012). The Value of Social Network as Function of Number of Users. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies,

4(2). Retrieved on 17/3/1436 from:

http://www.sosbilko.net/journal_IJEF/archieves/2012_2/petras_lickus.pdf

16.

Rambe, P., & Bere, A. (2013). Using mobile instant messaging to leverage learner participation and transform pedagogy at a South African University of Technology. British Journal of Educational Technology Vol 44 No. 4, pp. 544-561. Retrieved on 04/02/2015 from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjet.12057/pdf

17.

Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning (ITDL), January 2005. Retrieved on 5/3/20015 from http://er.dut.ac.za/handle/123456789/69

18.

Statista, (2014). Number of monthly active WhatsApp users worldwide from April 2013 to August 2014. Retrieved at 15/3/1436 from:

19.

Stephenson, K. (2004). The Art and Science of Human Knowledge Networks (Ch.15) from Quantum Theory of Trust: The Secret of Mapping and Managing Human Relationships. Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2004.

Retrieved on 29/02/2016 from http://www.drkaren.us/pdfs/chapter15.pdf

20.

Strijbos, J. (2004)

.

The Effect of Roles on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, Retrieved at 17/3/1436 from:

http://www.ou.nl/Docs/Expertise/OTEC/Publicaties/janwillem%20strijbos/

Dissertation_Strijbos __Online_rev_1-11-04.pdf

21.

Tudge, J., & Winterhoff, P. (1993). Vygotsky, Piaget, and Bandura: Perspectives on the Relations between the Social World and Cognitive Development, Retrieved at 12/3/1436 from:

http://systemofcare.uncg.edu/hdf/facultystaff/Tudge/vpb93.pdf

22.

Twitter, (2014). Twitter usage. Retrieved at 18/3/1436 from:

23.

Vygotsky, L. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. From: Mind and Society (pp. 79-91). Cambridge, MA:

Harvard University Press. Retrieved on at 25/4/1436 from http://www.psy.cmu.edu/~siegler/vygotsky78.pdf

(41)

24.

Woolfolk-Hoy, A. (2005). Cognitive Development and Language.

In EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY (9th ed., pp. 18-59). Boston: Allyn

and Bacon. Retrieved at 11/3/1436 from:

http://www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0205435297.pdf

25.

Yeboah, J., & Ewur, G. (2014). The Impact of WhatsApp Messenger Usage on Students Performance in Tertiary Institutions in Ghana, Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.5, No.6, 2014. Retrieved at

11/3/1436 from:

26.

Zanamwe, N., Rupere, T., & Kufandirimbwa, O. (2013). Use of Social Networking Technologies in Higher Education in Zimbabwe: A learners‟ perspective, International Journal of Computer and Information Technology (IJCIT), 2(1). Retrieved at 16/3/1436 from:

http://www.ijcit.com/Vol2Issue1.php

http://www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0205435297.pdf

rom: http://csalt.lancs.ac.uk/jisc/docs/guidelinesfinal.doc

http://brisjast.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/July-29-14.pdf

http://social4ce.com/blog/2014/07/01/15-stats-you-need-to-know-about-social-media-in-the-middle-east

http://www.awej.org/images/AllIssues/Volume4/Volume4Number3Sept2013/18.pdf

http://www.ijcit.com/Vol2Issue1.php

http://journalijar.com/uploads/2014-01-01_005326_450.pdf

http://www.world-dialogue.org/MWL/media/WORD/R9.docx

rom: http://www.psy.cmu.edu/~siegler/vygotsky78.pdf

http://systemofcare.uncg.edu/hdf/facultystaff/Tudge/vpb93.pdf