DIGITAL PADDY CULTIVATION IS IT POSSIBLE?
Dr. Mohd Nazrin Md Isa
School of Microelectronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
nazrin@unimap.edu.my
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Source: UN Food and Agriculture Organisation Source: KRI
THE FACT…
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
THE FACT…
Source: NST
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
THE FACT…
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE AGRICULTURE
Source: Accenture
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Google images
PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE AGRICULTURE
Connected Farm/ Farm Area Network (FAN)
IoT + Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Precision Agriculture (PA)
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Source: HUAWEI: A Smart Agriculture Market Assessment
What end users say….
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Selected PRESENT IoT Prototypes and Products
in Agriculture
e-PADI
An IoT-based Paddy Productivity Monitoring and Advisory System
[Our Past Experience]
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Motivation: pH
(a) Different soil pH vs. paddy development. (good pH 5.5-6.5)
(b) Paddy development due to inefficient nutrient absorption (pH <
5.0)
(c) Leaf colour chart (by IRRI)
(a) (b)
(c)
Source: In Science of the rice plant, vol. 2 physiology. Food and agriculture research center, Tokyo, Japan, Hiroshiki Tanaga (1995).
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Water Level Yield
1cm 80%
15 cm 50%
source : Jabatan Pertanian Kedah
Motivation: Water Level
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Midori (Japan) MYR 15K
e-kakashi (Japan) MYR30K
Agrosense (India)
~MYR10K
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
e-PADI:
How it works?
Node #1 Node #2
Node #3 Node #4 Gateway
Cloud
User Application
Data
Analysis
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
e-PADI Specifications
Operating Voltage 5V DC
Processor operating frequency 16 MHz Power consumption (e-PADI
system)
Gateway (GW) Sensor Node
~ 1W
Measured parameters Soil PH (good paddy PH 5.5 – 6.5)
Water Level (for different paddy development stage)
Water temperature
Soil EC (good paddy EC 0.1- 2.0 mSiemen/cm)
Environment temperature and humidity
Light Intensity
Battery level Maximum measuring range
(from GW to sensor nodes)
8km to 13km
LoRa frequency band 915 MHz (900~931 MHz) Communication topology Star-network
Number of Gateway 1
Number of Sensor nodes 10
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
e-PADI sensor node
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
e-PADI Gateway :
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
per hectare
Feb-18 5.48
Sep-18 6.35
Feb-19 6.67
Sep-19 6.95
5.48
6.35 6.67 6.95
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TONNES
Paddy Productivity in Metric Tonnes/ha
Feb-18 Sep-18 Feb-19 Sep-19
CL220 CL220 RC2 303
National
average
Target
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
e-PADI Ver. 0 (2017)
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Testing#1 e-PADI Ver. 0 (2017)
Batu 19, Kampung Sena, Kuala Nerang Kedah
[MASDAR Agro]
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
e-PADI Ver. 1 (2018)
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Test#2 e-PADI Ver. 1
(2018)
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Next Plan….PADISensE
Kompleks Latihan MADA Alor Serdang Kampung Selarong Panjang, 06800 Simpang Empat, Kedah
Plot 3, 8 dan 11
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Current Status (PADISensE)
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Current Status (PADISensE)
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Challenges
“….efficiency connectivity from a wide range of sensors with long battery life over reliable, low cost, secure, licensed
spectrum”.
Source: Huawei-market assessment“The Future of Farming is about higher productivity
and more efficient use of land, water and fertilizer. When everything from sensors to field equipment has the ability to report data back to a central wireless ”location”, the possibilities for better management of
crop production, as well as farm operations, are almost endless”.
Source: Kverneland
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Challenges
Sensors : cost vs. reliability, maintenance and life span
Low power sensor nodes vs. real-time monitoring
Data intensive computation (IoT + AI)
Different communication protocols
Weather and geographical location
Protected vs open field agriculture
Higher speed and Higher demand
School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis
Precision Agriculture: The way forward…
Source: Monsanto