LOW CARBON CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: THE ISKANDAR EXPERIENCE

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MNRE National Symposium on Climate Change Adaptation

By Boyd Dionysius Joeman

SVP Planning and Compliance, IRDA boyd@irda.com.my

18 November 2011

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Malaysia: Outlook

Introduction to Iskandar Malaysia What is a Low Carbon Society?

IRDA: Roles and Responsibilities

Climate Change Adaptation + Measures Essential Mechanisms for Success

Presentation Outline

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In COP15 (2009), Malaysian Prime Minister YAB Dato’ Seri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak, has

pledged a voluntary 40% reduction of CO

₂

emission intensity by 2020 (base 2005).

 Under the Tenth Malaysia Plan (2011-2015): the Government has intensified effort to reduce emission by climate adaptation and mitigation measures.

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With this in Focus, We look towards lowering the CO 2 emission intensity in Iskandar Malaysia by 50% by 2025 (base year 2005).

The Tools: (ExSS & Backcasting Model) play an important role in getting the numbers (Facts and Figures) to support in the decision making process when the Local Authorities and Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) design the Policies & Guidelines towards a Low Carbon Scenario.

1. Malaysian Outlook

emission

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2. The Economic Corridors

Established : 2008 Focus Areas:

Oil-based, Aluminum, Steel, Glass, Tourism, Palm Oil, Timber, Livestock, Aquaculture & Marine Engineering

Aluminum, Steel, Glass, Established : 2006

Focus Areas:

9 Economic Pillars

Established : 2007 Focus Areas:

Agriculture, Biotech, Tourism

& Logistics Established : 2008

Focus Areas:

Oil & Gas, Tourism, Petrochemical,

Manufacturing, Education, Agriculture

Established : 2007

Focus Areas:

Agriculture, Manufacturing &

Tourism

Established : 2007

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2. Background of Iskandar Malaysia (Cont.)

The economy in Iskandar Malaysia may be divided into 3 main sectors The economy in Iskandar Malaysia may be divided into 3 main sectors

• primary (agriculture, fishing, forestry/wetlands and mining);

• secondary sector (food processing, basic metal processing, non-metal processing, wood processing); and

• tertiary sector (retail & transport).

The key sectors in the manufacturing sector that drives the Iskandar Malaysia economy are:

• electrical and electronic (E&E);

• chemical and chemical products (petrochemical, plastics, oleo chemicals); and

• food processing sub-sectors.

They contribute 60% of the total value They contribute 60% of the total value-

They contribute 60% of the total value-added in manufacturing. added in manufacturing.

These key sectors lead to the emergence of supporting or induced sectors such as retail, These key sectors lead to the emergence of supporting or induced sectors such as retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants and finance.

These key sectors lead to the emergence of supporting or induced sectors such as retail, These key sectors lead to the emergence of supporting or induced sectors such as retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants and finance.

wholesale, hotels, restaurants and finance.

In manufacturing, the induced sectors include fabricated metal products, non In manufacturing, the induced sectors include fabricated metal products, non-

In manufacturing, the induced sectors include fabricated metal products, non-metallic In manufacturing, the induced sectors include fabricated metal products, non

products and transportation equipment.

In manufacturing, the induced sectors include fabricated metal products, non In manufacturing, the induced sectors include fabricated metal products, non products and transportation equipment.

products and transportation equipment.

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1. Carbon minimisation in all sectors.

• A society that emits GHG only in an amount which can be absorbed by nature.

2. Towards a simpler life style that realise richer quality of life 2. Towards a simpler life style that realise richer quality of life

• To build a society where value is placed on family or

community ties, health, interaction with mother nature and the spirit to improve the quality of life.

3. Coexistence with nature.

• Importance on harmony and co-existence with nature; and promoting “nature-friendly technologies,” such as utilisation of biomass.

3. What is a Low Carbon Society ?

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Roles & Responsibility of IRDA

IRDA

PLAN PLAN

PROMOTE

IRDA

PROMOTE PROMOTE

FACILITATE

Roles:

PLAN PROMOTE FACILITATE

Federal and State Government

Iskandar Malaysia Synergy Partners

Investors

Community

4. IRDA: Roles and Responsibilities

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2007 - 2009 2010 - 2015 2016 - 2025

Iskandar Malaysia Development Phases

Planning &

Foundation Building

Sustain &

Innovate

Phase 1

Phase 3

IRDA’s strategic roadmap is divided into three (3) developmental phases to realize its vision and objectives

Evolution

IRDA’s Strategic Roadmap

Strengthening & Growth

Phase 2

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DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES:

 Balanced Development

 Protect and Conserve Nature, Historic and Open Spaces

 TODs

 Promote Infill & Redevelopment

 Enhance Accessibility

 Promote Key Economic Areas as Focal Point For Growth

 Plan & Manage Regional Growth

 Plan for Innovative & Sustainable Infrastructure &

Utilities

 Liveable, Walkable Green Cities - Quality and Sustainable Neighbourhoods

Downloadable at

www.iskandarmalaysia.com.my

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES:



 Downloadable at

Comprehensive Development Plan 2006-2025

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Environmental Environmental Environmental

Protection Environmental Environmental

Protection Protection

Sustainable Development within Iskandar Malaysia:

Integrating 3 main elements

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Economic Development

Community &

Social Development

Livability and Sustainability are the core essences of the framework and thrust of the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)

Environmental Protection

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Green Green- Green Green focused focused focused focused Agenda

Env’l Env’l Env’l Env’l Planning Planning Planning

&

Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning

&

& Mngt Planning Planning Planning Mngt Mngt Mngt

Social &

Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural

Dev Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural

Dev Dev Dev Dev

Integrated Integrated Integrated Integrated Integrated Transport Integrated Transport Transport Transport

SWM SWM SWM Land Use

Land Use Land Use Planning Land Use

Planning Planning Planning RE &

RE &

Resources Resources Resources Resources Resources Economic

Economic Economic

Dev Economic Economic Economic

Dev Dev Dev Dev

Com &

Industry Industry Industry Industry Industry Industry Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning

& Dev Planning Planning

& Dev

Reuse Recycle Reduce Compost

Talent Workforce;

Low carbon lifestyle

Modes Infrastructure

Corridors Movements Value-

added products &

services

FIT EE blgs &

areas Rainwater harvesting

Fed CDP Policy

NPP IRDA’s

BPs

LCS

Com &

Com &

Implement Comply . Enforce Monitor . Review

Green Economy

Urban Design, Phased Dev & DC

DPs

Decarbonising development/

Development Process

TODs

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Low Carbon Cities in Asia:

Updates from Iskandar Malaysia

Capacity-Building & Dialogues between Policy- Makers and Researchers: Towards

Implementation

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On On-

On-going region going region- going region-specific studies: specific studies:

On On

On going region going region going region going region going region specific studies: specific studies: specific studies: specific studies:

Communication and feedback of LCS study to the real world

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Vision:

Strong Strong Sustainable Sustainable Sustainable Metropolis of Metropolis of Metropolis of international international international

standing international international

standing standing

Environmental Environmental

Theme:

Low Carbon Low Carbon Iskandar Malaysia Iskandar Malaysia Iskandar Malaysia

Theme:

Green Growth Green Growth

Cluster Green Growth Green Growth

Cluster Cluster

Theme:

Healthy Lifestyle Healthy Lifestyle

Theme:

Sustainable SWM Sustainable SWM Environmental

Environmental Theme:

Theme:

Green Energy Green Energy Green Energy Environmental Environmental

Theme:

Green Transport Green Transport

ISKANDAR MALAYSIA

ISKANDAR MALAYSIA VISION VISION

“Strong Sustainable Metropolis of international

“Strong Sustainable Metropolis of international standing” standing”

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IRDA Blueprints that promote LCS

Adaptation and Mitigation Measures

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ExSS Model Structure

Export by goods Export by goods Government expenditure Government expenditure

Import ratio Import ratio

Input coefficient matrix

Household size

Floor area per output

Freight generation per output

output Transport distance Transport distance

Modal share Trip per person Trip per person

Trip distance Freight generation per

Trip distance Modal share

Energy service demand per driving force

Fuel share Fuel share Energy efficiency

CO₂ emission factor IO

analysis

Output by industry

Household size Population

Number of household Output of

commercial industry

Commercial building floor

area

Freight transport

demand

Passenger transport

demand Population

Energy service demand Output of manufacturing

industry

Final energy demand

Energy demand (DPG)

Central power generation (CPG)

Energy demand (CPG)

Primary energy supply

Dispersed power generation (DPG)

CO₂ emissions

Energy efficiency DPG

Energy efficiency (CPG) Fuel share (CPG) Transmission loss (CPG)

Own use (CPG) Energy end-use device

share share

Energy end-use device energy efficiency Input coefficient matrix

Private consumptions

Floor area per output Fixed capital formation

Modal share Modal share

Trip per person

Transport & land use:

- Population distribution - Share of vehicles**

- Urban/rural development plan**

- Construction of infrastructure**

- Nature conservation area - Renewal of building stock

** Sometimes regarded as LC measures/

Economy:

- Economic growth level - Basic industries in the region - Fiscal policy

- Private investment including FDI - Technological development - Consideration of environment

Population Number of Population

Household:

- Demographic structure - Sense of value

- Balance of work & life - Consumption style

- Living style (consumption and time use) - Education

Energy efficiency

energy efficiency

Energy efficiency

energy efficiency Energy*:

- Technological development - Availability of energy resource - Diffusion of renewable energy - Fuel price

- Power supply policy - Behavior change

- Awareness of people & business etc

*Related to selection of LC measures.

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Potential Mitigation in IM

12552

45483

19162 4463 10831

777 3510 5521 623

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000

2005 2025 BaU 2025 CM

GHG emissions/reductions (kt-CO2)

Transport demand management

Fuel shifting

Efficiency improvement (buildings)

Efficiency improvement (transport)

Efficiency improvement (industry)

Efficiency improvement (power sector)

GHG emissions

Emission Reductions

57%

262%

52%

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5. Adaptation and Mitigation Measures

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Low Carbon Cities Policy Package

•Environmental performance standard and evaluation of buildings

•Adjustment of tax rate of fixed asset tax

•Low interest loans to investment to energy efficient buildings

•Environmental performance standard of equipments

•Environmental labeling

•Education and information service

•Green purchasing policy

•Subsidy to introduce photovoltaic power generation system

•Urban planning

•Transport planning

•Tax rate adjustment to fixed asset

•Investment to public transport

•Environmental

performance standard of vehicles

•Tax rate adjustment to energy efficient vehicles

•Promotion of bio fuel

•Subsidy to investment to energy efficient equipments

•Promotion of technology transfer

Buildings

Transport & Land

use Industry

Mitigation of GHG emissions from Iskandar Malaysia Energy efficiency

improvement Lowering CO

₂

intensity

Transport demand

control

•Incentive to introduce energy efficient equipments & buildings

•Incentive to introduce renewable energy

•Controlling urban growth

& choice of transport mode

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• Action 1: Walkable/Liveable/Compact City

• Action 2: Green & Blue Network/ Infrastructure

• Action 3: Low Carbon Lifestyle

• Action 4: A Green Economy

• Action 5: Integrated Transportation

• Action 6: Energy-efficient buildings

• Action 7: Land Use Planning

• Action 8: Efficient Energy Systems & Renewable Energy

• Action 1: Walkable/Liveable/Compact City Action 1: Walkable/Liveable/Compact City

To achieve Low Carbon Society status by 2025, To achieve Low Carbon Society status by 2025,

what do we need to do together?

To achieve Low Carbon Society status by 2025, To achieve Low Carbon Society status by 2025,

Action 1: Walkable/Liveable/Compact City

IRDA’s Proposed Actions:

Action 1: Walkable/Liveable/Compact City Action 1: Walkable/Liveable/Compact City

IRDA’s Proposed Actions:

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14th Oct 2010

SG. SEGGET REHABILITATION PROJECT

Action 1: Transformation of Johor Bahru City

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Before

Conceptual Design Proposal

JB City Center after the Segget River Rehabilitations Projects

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Environmental Thematic Areas

EPB Thematic Area 1 : Biodiversity and Habitat Management

EPB Thematic Area 2:

Climate Change Management

Air Quality Management

River Water Quality Management

Action 2: Green & Blue Environment:

Environmental Planning Blueprint:

7 Thematic Areas; 66 Initiatives

Geo-Terrain, Soil &

Groundwater Management

Green Economy

Environmental Governance

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EPB Initiatives

Strategy 1: Enhance and Improves Biodiversity & Habitat Management

 Establishment - Biodiversity Council & Biodiversity Centre

 Formulate Integrated Management Plans for Ramsar sites – completion end 2011

 Enact a Biodiversity Regulation To Strengthen Biodiversity &

Habitat Areas In Iskandar Malaysia.

 Establish a Continuous Habitat Corridor linking Tg Piai-Sg Pulai- Mount Pulai.

 Promote “Wise Use Concept” in areas near the 3 Ramsar sites.

 Conduct A River Basin EIA For Sg Pulai

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Strategy 2: Actions on Climate Change

 Prepare Integrated Climate Change Action Plan (now under LCSIM)

 Phase Out The Use Of Diesel Public Buses By Replacing Or Retrofitting To CNG Buses

 Implement A Carbon Offsetting Programme For The Incoming And Outgoing Flights At The Senai Airport

 Establish a GHG Inventory Database in IM (LCSIM)

 Mainstream Climate Change Management in Development Planning (LCSIM)

EPB Initiatives

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 Formulate A Green Investment Policy For IM

 Promote a Green Product Hub for green industries.

 Designate a Green Technology Park for Research &

Development

 Promote Tax Incentives For Green Building And Green Homes

 Allocation for Free Public Parking For Hybrid Cars

 Formulate A Green Purchasing Policy For All The Purchases Made By IRDA And Local Authorities

Strategy 3: Green Economy

EPB Initiatives

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 Publish an Annual State of the Environment Report

 Encourage The Preparation Of Green Plans By All Major Developments

 Encourage Corporate Environmental Reporting By All Major Developments

 Implement A Green Accord Initiative Award (GAIA) For The Private Sector To Encourage Corporate Commitments To The Environment.

 Strengthen existing governance to Support And Facilitate

Environmental Management & Initiatives In Iskandar Malaysia

Strategy 4: Environmental Governance

EPB Initiatives

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Action 4: Green Economy Framework

28 PRODUCTS

Jobs

PRODUCTION Industries

Energy Transportation

Waste Buildings/homes

Forestry Tourism Logistics

CONSUMPTION INVESTMENTS

Government Budgets Stimulus packages

Loans Private VC Funding

Greenhouse gas Water wastage

Air Pollution Waste generation

RESOURCES

ISKANDAR MALAYSIA ISKANDAR MALAYSIA ISKANDAR MALAYSIA Economically Sustainable Economically Sustainable Economically Sustainable

Socially Sustainable Economically Sustainable Economically Sustainable Economically Sustainable

Socially Sustainable Socially Sustainable Socially Sustainable Socially Sustainable Environmentally Sustainable Environmentally Sustainable Environmentally Sustainable Green Jobs

GREEN PROJECTS Renewable Energy Green Transportation

3R

Green Buildings/homes Forestry

Eco-Tourism Green Logistics

GREEN CONSUMPTION

Green Purchasing Eco Labelling

Shopping GREEN INVESTMENTS

Government Budgets Stimulus packages

Green Loans Private VC Funding

GREEN PRODUCTS

GHG reduction Water Conservation

Clean air Waste reduction

RESOURCES

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1.

Ensure Energy Efficiency in

Key Sectors

2.

Promote & Support the Development of Renewable Resources 3.

Ensure Energy Efficient in Infrastructure;

and Integrated Design

1.

Ensure Energy Ensure Energy Ensure Energy Ensure Energy Ensure Energy Ensure Energy Ensure Energy Ensure Energy

Efficiency in Efficiency in Efficiency in Efficiency in Efficiency in Efficiency in Key Sectors Key Sectors Key Sectors Key Sectors Efficiency in Efficiency in Key Sectors Key Sectors

2.

Promote & Support the Development of Renewable Resources

2.

3.

Ensure Energy Efficient in Infrastructure;

and Integrated Design

Promote & Support the

Codes and standards:

 Green building index

 Street lighting

 Education programmes

 Campaigns (labeling, types of appliances that save energy, good habits)

 Benchmarking

 Operation & maintenance STRATEGIC INITIATIVES:

IM’s own FIT incentives:

 Solar farms

 Rooftop solar PV

 Mini-hydro

 MSW

 Agricultural wastes

 Liquid wastes STRATEGIC INITIATIVES:

 District cooling and ice- storage

 Co-generation

 GIS for spatial planning

 Transport design and policy

 Integrated design and renovation (clusters) STRATEGIC INITIATIVES:

Action 6: Renewable Energy & Energy

Efficiency: 3 Strategies & 17 Initiatives

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CC Adaptation: Environmental Governance CC Adaptation: Environmental Governance CC Adaptation: Environmental Governance

Inaugurate

Inaugurate The Iskandar Declaration On The Inaugurate

Inaugurate Environment

The Iskandar Declaration On The The Iskandar Declaration On The The Iskandar Declaration On The The Iskandar Declaration On The Environment

Environment And Obtain Signatures From Key Environment

Environment And Obtain Signatures From Key And Obtain Signatures From Key And Obtain Signatures From Key

Stakeholders In Iskandar Malaysia To Formally Declare Stakeholders In Iskandar Malaysia To Formally Declare Stakeholders In Iskandar Malaysia To Formally Declare

Their Commitment To Environmental Sustainability.

Stakeholders In Iskandar Malaysia To Formally Declare Their Commitment To Environmental Sustainability.

Their Commitment To Environmental Sustainability.

Priority:

Priority: High High Priority:

Priority: High Lead Agency:

High High High High Lead Agency:

Lead Agency:

Lead Agency: IRDA IRDA IRDA IRDA Lead Agency:

Supporting Agencies:

Lead Agency:

Supporting Agencies:

Supporting Agencies: All

IRDA IRDA IRDA IRDA Lead Agency:

Lead Agency: IRDA Lead Agency:

All All All

All Stakeholders in IM Stakeholders in IM

Supporting Agencies: All All All

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EPB: Environmental Governance EPB: Environmental Governance EPB: Environmental Governance

Low Carbon Green Growth Institute

Korea’s GGGI; UNESCAP (Busan);

KeTTHA’s LCGGA

ARNLCD

‘Greening Iskandar

‘Greening Iskandar Malaysia’ Campaign

‘Greening Iskandar Malaysia’ Campaign Malaysia’ Campaign

26 million trees;

26 million trees; green & blue 26 million trees;

26 million trees; green & blue green & blue spaces; green corridors/species spaces; green corridors/species spaces; green corridors/species spaces; green corridors/species spaces; green corridors/species

movement

spaces; green corridors/species spaces; green corridors/species spaces; green corridors/species spaces; green corridors/species

movement movement

LCSIM Consensus LCSIM Consensus-

LCSIM Consensus-Building Building

IRDA’s Sustainability Development IRDA’s Sustainability Development IRDA’s Sustainability Development

Awareness Awareness Awareness- Awareness

Awareness-Raising & Public Involvement;

Awareness Awareness

Awareness Raising & Public Involvement; Raising & Public Involvement; Raising & Public Involvement;

Charrettes/FGDs/Village Appraisals Raising & Public Involvement;

Raising & Public Involvement;

Charrettes/FGDs/Village Appraisals

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• Decarbonising Planning: Implementation through Village Appraisals – local industries, aquaculture

• Community involvement and consensus-building: grassroots understanding of CC and GW and LCS

• Energy self-sufficient villages

• Mangrove protection & replanting

• Land preparation through EMB

• Designing of compact cities

• Green and blue landscapes

• Rainwater harvesting

• Championing renewable resources

Adaptation Measures

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CC Adaptation:

CC Adaptation: Some recommendations CC Adaptation: Some recommendations Some recommendations Some recommendations

1. Establish a GHG Inventory Database in IM

2. Expand The Network Of Air Quality Stations in IM 3. Establish an Air Emission Inventory System in IM

4. Prepare a Climate Change Blueprint to collate all the information from the various blueprints.

5. Phase out the use of diesel public buses by either replacing

or retrofitting to CNG buses.

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CC Adaptation:

CC Adaptation: Some more,

CC Adaptation: Some more, Some more, cont’d Some more, cont’d cont’d cont’d

1. Publish an Annual State of the Environment Report in IM.

2. The Preparation Of Green Plans By All Major Developments In IM To Promote Private Sector Environmental Stewardship.

3. Encourage Corporate Environmental Reporting By All Major Developments In IM To Promote Private Sector

Environmental Stewardship.

4. Implement A Green Accord Initiative Award (GAIA) For The

Private Sector To Encourage Corporate Commitments To The

Environment.

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6. Conclusion:

Essential Mechanisms for Success to CC Adaptation

Sustainable Sustainable Sustainable Sustainable Metropolis of Metropolis of Metropolis of Metropolis of Metropolis of Metropolis of Metropolis of Metropolis of Metropolis of Metropolis of International International International International International International International

Standing International International International International

Standing Standing

Government:

Government:

Political Will &

Commitment

Awareness Awareness- Awareness Awareness Awareness Raising &

Raising &

Raising &

Raising &

Public Public Public Public Public Involvement

Capacity Capacity- Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Building Funding

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